Engineering:S-500 missile system

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Short description: Mobile surface-to-air missile air defense
"S-500" and "S-1000" redirect here. For Philco TRANSAC S-1000, see Philco computers § S-1000. For other uses, see S500 (disambiguation).
S-500 Prometheus
C-500 Прометей
Launch vehicle of the S-500 air defense system
TypeMobile surface-to-air missile
Place of originRussian Federation
Service history
In service16 September 2021
Used byRussian Space Forces
Production history
DesignerAlmaz-Antey
ManufacturerAlmaz-Antey
Unit cost$2.5 billion[1]
Produced2021–present
No. built1 S-500 regiment in service[2][3]
Specifications
Operational
range
600 km[4]

The S-500 Prometheus (Russian: C-500 Прометей), also known as 55R6M "Triumfator-M",[5] is a Russian surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system supplementing the S-400 and the A-235 ABM missile system.[6] The S-500 was developed by the Almaz-Antey Air Defence Concern. Initially planned to be in production by 2014, the first unit entered service in 2021 with the 15th Aerospace Army.[7][8][9] Russia claims that the S-500 is capable of intercepting all types of modern hypersonic weapons, and has claimed to have successfully tested such capability.[4][10] Russia is reportedly planning to deploy the S-500 alongside the planned[11] S-550 missile system as part of its air defense network.[12][3]

History

According to the original plans, ten S-500 battalions were to be purchased for the Russian Aerospace Defense (VKO) under the State Armament Programme 2020 (GPV-2020).[13]

As of 2013, the S-500s were intended to work in parallel with S-400s, and the systems together were planned to replace most of the S-300 missile systems.[14] The first units are planned to be deployed around the Moscow Oblast and the country's central area in 2025.[6] A naval version is the likely armament for the new Lider-class destroyer, which was to enter service after 2020 but was not operational as of 2022.[15]

CEO of Rostec Corporation Sergey Chemezov declared the beginning of S-500 production on 30 June 2019. Despite that, serial production of the first 10 systems (ordered in late 2020) only began in 2021.[16][17] In summer 2020 Sergey Surovikin, the commander of the Aerospace Forces, seemed to confirm that the S-500 system can be used to kill satellites.[18]

A new contract was signed in August 2022.[19] In October 2023, Defense News claimed that production of S-500 remained behind, being negatively affected by the sanctions against Russia and labor shortages.[1]

The cost for one S-500 system was estimated be around $700-$800 million in 2020, and up to $2.5 billion in 2023.[1]

Testing

In May 2018, Russia conducted the longest range surface-to-air missile test to date with the S-500. According to reports citing unnamed sources familiar with U.S. intelligence on the program, the S-500 was able to hit a target 482 km (300 mi) away, which is 80 km further than the previous record.[20]

In July 2021, the Russian MOD released the first public footage of a live-fire test of the new S-500 anti-ballistic missile system at Kapustin Yar.[21]

Operational history

The first S-500 prototype went on combat duty in Moscow on 13 October 2021.[12] However, it did not yet meet the full set of requirements specified by its operator, the 1st Special Purpose Air and Missile Defense Army.[1] In June 2024, Ukraine claimed the S-500 had been deployed to the Crimean peninsula to defend the Kerch Bridge.[22] In its operational debut in Ukraine, the S-500 allegedly proved unsuccessful in defending against Ukrainian launched MGM-140 ATACMS missiles.[23] [24]

Design

The S-500 is designed for intercepting and destroying ballistic missiles, as well as hypersonic cruise missiles and aircraft.[25] With a planned range of 600 km (370 mi) for anti-ballistic missile (ABM) and 500 km (310 mi) for air defense,[26] the S-500 was envisaged to be able to detect and simultaneously engage up to 10 ballistic hypersonic targets flying at up to a maximum of 7 km/s (4.3 mi/s).[27] The altitude of a target engaged is claimed to be as high as 180–200 km (110–120 mi).[28] However, as of 2023, the S-500's ability to intercept hypersonic missiles had not yet been tested.[1] Other targets it has been announced to defend against include unmanned aerial vehicles, low Earth orbit satellites, space weapons launched from hypersonic aircraft, and hypersonic orbital platforms.[29] It is to have a response time of less than 4 seconds (compared to the S-400's of less than 10).[30]

Components

The S-500 consists of:[31]

  • 77P6 launch vehicle, based on the BAZ-69096 10x10 truck
  • 55K6MA and 85Zh6-2 command posts, based on BAZ-69092-12 6x6
  • 91N6A(M) acquisition and battle management radar, a modification of the 91N6 (Big Bird) towed by the BAZ-6403.01 8x8 tractor
  • 96L6-TsP acquisition radar, an upgraded version of the 96L6 (Cheese Board) on BAZ-69096 10x10
  • 76T6 multimode engagement radar on BAZ-6909-022 8x8
  • 77T6 ABM engagement radar on BAZ-69096 10x10

The missiles used by the system are:[32][33]

  • 40N6M - anti-aircraft role
  • 77N6 / 77N6-N1 - anti-ballistic or anti-satellite role

Export

In September 2021, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Yury Borisov said that India could be a prospective, and probably the first, S-500 customer.[34][35][36][37][38]

In September 2025, it was reported that India was interested in procuring some S-500 units after the stellar performance of its predecessor in Operation Sindoor.[39]

See also

  • List of medium-range and long-range SAMs
  • A-135 anti-ballistic missile system
  • A-235 anti-ballistic missile system
  • Arrow (Israeli missile)
    • Arrow 3
  • Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems
  • Ground-Based Midcourse Defense
  • Medium Extended Air Defense System
  • S-300VM missile system
  • Vityaz missile system
  • THAAD
  1. REDIRECT Template:Link with country

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Starchak, Maxim (2023-10-05). "Where is Russia's S-500 air defense system?" (in en). https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2023/10/05/where-is-russias-s-500-air-defense-system/. 
  2. ↑ "S-500 enters service in Moscow region". 14 October 2021. https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/s-500-enters-service-in-moscow-region. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Russian Defence Minister announces transfer of S-500 air defence missile systems to Russian troops". 23 April 2024. https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/04/23/7452557/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Starchak, Maxim (5 October 2023). "Where is Russia's S-500 air defense system?". https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2023/10/05/where-is-russias-s-500-air-defense-system/. 
  5. ↑ "S-500/S-1000 (Russian Federation), Defensive weapons". Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. 2009-02-10. http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/S-500-S1000-Russian-Federation.html. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Russia to upgrade Moscow's missile defenses by year's end". 29 March 2023. https://www.defensenews.com/land/2023/03/29/russia-to-upgrade-moscows-missile-defenses-by-years-end/. 
  7. ↑ "Armed forces plan to get first S-500 systems in 2021. (In Russian)". 8 May 2020. https://ria.ru/20200508/1571131241.html. 
  8. ↑ "First batch of Russian-made S-500 system enters service — Deputy PM". https://tass.com/defense/1338617. 
  9. ↑ "Russia Puts Its 'F-22 Killer' S-500 Missile Defense System into Mass Production as Tensions Boil over Ukraine". 25 April 2022. https://eurasiantimes.com/russia-puts-its-f-22-raptor-killer-s-500-missile-defense-system/. 
  10. ↑ "The Russian Armed Forces tested the S-500 for its ability to shoot down hypersonic targets". 27 February 2024. https://iz.ru/1656259/2024-02-27/vs-rf-protestirovali-s-500-na-sposobnost-sbivat-giperzvukovye-tceli. 
  11. ↑ Starchak, Maxim (5 October 2023). "Where is Russia's S-500 air defense system?". https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2023/10/05/where-is-russias-s-500-air-defense-system/. ""There is currently no evidence Russia has developed the S-550."" 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Starchak, Maxim (29 March 2023). "Russia to upgrade Moscow's missile defenses by year's end". https://www.defensenews.com/land/2023/03/29/russia-to-upgrade-moscows-missile-defenses-by-years-end/. 
  13. ↑ "Valeriy Ivanov on VKO, S-500, S-400 | Russian Defense Policy". russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com. 24 July 2011. https://russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com/2011/07/24/ivanov-on-vko-s400-s500/. 
  14. ↑ "Russian Army Will Be Equipped with S-500 New Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System for 2020". 28 November 2013. http://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2013_defense_industry_military_news_uk/russian_army_will_be_equipped_with_s-500_new_surface-to-air_missile_defense_system_for_2020_2811133.html. 
  15. ↑ "New-generation missile destroyer under development in Russia". ITAR-TASS. 21 October 2014. http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/755539. 
  16. ↑ "Armed forces plan to get first S-500 systems in 2021. (In Russian)". 23 February 2021. https://ria.ru/20200508/1571131241.html. 
  17. ↑ "Russian Defense Ministry signs contract on first 10 S-500 air defense systems — source". https://tass.com/defense/1320543. 
  18. ↑ Hendrickx, Bart (2 November 2020). "Russia gears up for electronic warfare in space (part 2)". The Space Review. https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4060/1. 
  19. ↑ "Defense firm signs contract on delivery of S-500 air defense systems to Russian troops". https://tass.com/defense/1494269. 
  20. ↑ "Russia's S-500 Air Defense System Reportedly Hits Target Nearly 300 Miles Away". JOSEPH TREVITHICK. 24 May 2018. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/21080/russias-s-500-air-defense-system-reportedly-hits-target-nearly-300-miles-away. 
  21. ↑ "Serial production of missiles for S-500 air defense systems begins in Russia — source". https://tass.com/defense/1324639. 
  22. ↑ Altman, Howard (12 June 2024). "S-500 Prometheus Air Defense System Now Protecting Russia's Kerch Bridge: Ukraine's Spy Boss". The War Zone. https://www.twz.com/news-features/s-500-prometheus-air-defense-system-now-protecting-russias-kerch-bridge-ukraines-spy-boss. 
  23. ↑ Korshak, Stefan (2024-06-24). "ATACMS Comes Out on Top Versus Russia's S-500 Anti-Missile System" (in en). https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34782. 
  24. ↑ Atlamazoglou, Stavros (2024-06-25). "Missile Showdown in Ukraine: ATACMS vs S-500 Prometheus (Who Wins?)" (in en-US). https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/missile-showdown-ukraine-atacms-vs-s-500-prometheus-who-wins-211600. "Despite deploying the advanced S-500 Prometheus air defense system, the Russian military failed to intercept the U.S.-made ATACMS missiles." 
  25. ↑ Garamone, Jim (2020-07-28). "Missile Defense Becomes Part of Great Power Competition" (in en-US). https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2291331/missile-defense-becomes-part-of-great-power-competition/. 
  26. ↑ Ptichkin, Sergei (8 July 2014) (in ru). rg.ru. http://www.rg.ru/2014/07/07/s-500-site.html. 
  27. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). Lenta.ru. 10 April 2012. https://lenta.ru/articles/2012/04/10/future/. 
  28. ↑ Vranic, Miko (2022-04-27). "Russia begins series production of S-500 air-defence system". Janes. https://www.janes.com/amp/russia-begins-series-production-of-s-500-air-defence-system/ZnlJK3dHVU9mZ28xajRJVkc5dVI5VFp1cVMwPQ2. 
  29. ↑ First regiment of S-500 new air defense missile system will protect Moscow and center of Russia . Armyrecognition.com, 21 August 2014.
  30. ↑ "S-500 Prometheus". http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/s-500/#fn-7594-3. 
  31. ↑ Kopp, Carlo (2011-06-15). "Almaz-Antey S-500 Triumfator M Self Propelled Air / Missile Defence System / SA-X-NN / Самоходный Комплекс Противоракетной / Противосамолетной Обороны С-500 "Триумфатор-М"". ausairpower.net. pp. 1. http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-500-Triumfator-M.html. 
  32. ↑ "Where is Russia's S-500 air defense system?". 5 October 2023. https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2023/10/05/where-is-russias-s-500-air-defense-system/. 
  33. ↑ "На уровень выше Россия откроет производство комплексов С-500 в 2015 году". https://lenta.ru/articles/2012/04/10/future/. 
  34. ↑ "Russia exploring market for S550 missile system; all eyes on India". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russia-exploring-market-for-s550-missile-system-all-eyes-on-india/articleshow/87688003.cms?from=mdr. 
  35. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: India Likely To Be The First Customer Of S-500 Missile Defense System – Russian Deputy PM" (in en-US). 2021-09-17. https://eurasiantimes.com/exclusive-india-likely-to-be-the-first-customer-of-s-500-missile-defense-system-russian-deputy-pm/. 
  36. ↑ "First batch of Russian-made S-500 system enters service — Deputy PM". https://tass.com/defense/1338617. 
  37. ↑ "Government speculation: India may buy S-500 missile system" (in en-US). 2021-09-17. https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2021/09/17/government-speculation-india-may-buy-s-500-anti-aircraft-system/. 
  38. ↑ "India Could Potentially Become 1st Buyer Of Russias S-500 Missile System - Borissov" (in en). https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/india-could-potentially-become-1st-buyer-of-r-1352011.html. 
  39. ↑ Philip, Snehesh Alex (2025-09-29). "India looks to procure more S-400/S-500 air defence systems from Russia" (in en-US). https://theprint.in/defence/india-looks-to-procure-more-s-400-s-500-air-defence-systems-from-russia/2753103/. 

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