Engineering:S-500 missile system

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Short description: Mobile surface-to-air missile air defense
S-500 Prometheus
C-500 Прометей
С-500 российский зенитный ракетный комплекс.jpg
Launch vehicle of the S-500 air defense system
TypeMobile surface-to-air missile
Place of originThe Russian Federation
Service history
In service16 September 2021
Used byRussian Space Forces
Production history
DesignerAlmaz-Antey
ManufacturerAlmaz-Antey
Unit cost$2.5 billion[1]
Produced2021–present
No. built~1 battalion in service (since 2021).[2] 10 battalions planned.[3]
Specifications
Operational
range
600 km[4]

The S-500 Prometheus (Russian: C-500 Прометей), also known as 55R6M "Triumfator-M",[5] is a Russian mobile surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system supplementing the S-400 and the A-235 anti-ballistic missile system.[6] The S-500 was developed by the Almaz-Antey Air Defence Concern. Initially planned to be in production by 2014, the first unit entered service in 2021 with the 15th Air Army.[7][8][9]

History

Although sharing a similar designation with the S-500U project of the late 1960s, the relationship between the two remains unclear.[citation needed]

According to the original plans, ten S-500 battalions were to be purchased for the Russian Aerospace Defense (VKO) under the State Armament Programme 2020 (GPV-2020).[10]

As of 2013, the S-500s were intended to work in parallel with S-400s and together were planned to mostly replace the S-300 missile systems.[11] The first units are[when?] planned to be deployed around the Moscow oblast and the country's central area. A naval version is the likely armament for the new Lider-class destroyer, which was to enter service after 2020 but was not operational as of 2022.[12]

CEO of Rostec Corporation Sergey Chemezov declared the beginning of S-500 production on 30 June 2019. Despite that, serial production of the first 10 systems (ordered in late 2020) only began in 2021.[13][14] In summer 2020 Sergei Surovikin, the commander of the Aerospace Forces, seemed to confirm that the S-500 system can be used to kill satellites.[15]

A new contract was signed in August 2022.[16] By October 2023, production remained behind, being negatively affected by the sanctions against Russia and labor shortages, according to a report by Defense News.[1]

The cost for one S-500 system was estimated be around $700-$800 million dollars in 2020, and up to $2.5 billion in 2023.[1]

Testing

In May 2018, Russia conducted the longest range surface-to-air missile test to date with the S-500. According to reports citing unnamed sources familiar with U.S. intelligence on the program, the S-500 was able to hit a target 482 km (300 mi) away, which is 80 km further than the previous record.[17]

On 4 June 2019, the Russian Ministry of Defense posted a video showing the successful launch of a new anti ballistic missile system in the form of a long range surface to air missile. Though the nature of the air defence system which was being tested was not mentioned it has been widely speculated to have been a test of the S-500 Prometheus long range surface to air missile system.[18]

In July 2021, the Russian MOD released the first public footage of a live-fire test of the new S-500 anti-ballistic missile system at Kapustin Yar.[19]

Operational history

The first S-500 regiment went on combat duty in Moscow on 13 October 2021.[20] However, it did not yet meet the full set of requirements specified by its operator, the 1st Special Purpose Air and Missile Defense Army.[1]

Design

The S-500 is designed for intercepting and destroying intercontinental ballistic missiles, as well as hypersonic cruise missiles and aircraft,[21] for air defense against Airborne Early Warning and Control and for jamming aircraft.[citation needed] With a planned range of 600 km (370 mi) for anti-ballistic missile (ABM) and 500 km (310 mi) for air defense,[22] the S-500 was envisaged to be able to detect and simultaneously engage up to 10 ballistic hypersonic targets flying at a speed of 5 kilometres per second (3.1 mi/s)[23] to a limit of 7 km/s (4.3 mi/s).[24][25] It also aims at destroying hypersonic cruise missiles and other aerial targets at speeds of higher than Mach 5, as well as spacecraft. The altitude of a target engaged can be as high as 180–200 km (110–120 mi).[26] It was planned to be effective against ballistic missiles with a launch range of 3,500 km (2,200 mi), the radar reaches a radius of 3,000 km (1,300 km for the EPR 0,1 square meter).[27][28] However, as of 2023, the S-500's ability to intercept hypersonic missiles had not yet been tested.[1] Other targets it has been announced to defend against include unmanned aerial vehicles, low Earth orbit satellites, space weapons launched from hypersonic aircraft, and hypersonic orbital platforms.[29]

The system is mobile and has rapid deployability. Experts[who?] believe[when?] that the system's capabilities can affect enemy intercontinental ballistic missiles at the middle and end portions of flight,[22] but reports by Almaz-Antey say that the external target-designation system (RLS Voronezh-DM and missile defence system A-135 radar Don-2N) will be capable of mid-early flight portion interceptions of enemy ballistic missiles, which is one of the final stages of the S-500 project. It is to have a response time of less than 4 seconds (compared to the S-400's of less than 10).[30]

Components

The S-500 consists of:[31]

  • 77P6 launch vehicle, based on the BAZ-69096 10x10 truck
  • 55K6MA and 85Zh6-2 command posts, based on BAZ-69092-12 6x6
  • 91N6A(M) acquisition and battle management radar, a modification of the 91N6 (Big Bird) towed by the BAZ-6403.01 8x8 tractor
  • 96L6-TsP acquisition radar, an upgraded version of the 96L6 (Cheese Board) on BAZ-69096 10x10
  • 76T6 multimode engagement radar on BAZ-6909-022 8x8
  • 77T6 ABM engagement radar on BAZ-69096 10x10

The type of missiles used, especially for the long range ABM/ATBM role, has not been disclosed yet.[when?]

Export

In September 2021, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Yury Borisov said that India could be a prospective, and probably the first, S-500 customer.[32][33][34][35][36]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Starchak, Maxim (2023-10-05). "Where is Russia's S-500 air defense system?" (in en). https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2023/10/05/where-is-russias-s-500-air-defense-system/. 
  2. ↑ "S-500 enters service in Moscow region". https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/s-500-enters-service-in-moscow-region. 
  3. ↑ "S-500 Prometheus". https://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys/s-500-prometheus/. 
  4. ↑ Starchak, Maxim (5 October 2023). "Where is Russia’s S-500 air defense system?". https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2023/10/05/where-is-russias-s-500-air-defense-system/. Retrieved 25 January 2024. 
  5. ↑ "S-500/S-1000 (Russian Federation), Defensive weapons". Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. 2009-02-10. http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/S-500-S1000-Russian-Federation.html. 
  6. ↑ "Russia to upgrade Moscow’s missile defenses by year’s end". https://www.defensenews.com/land/2023/03/29/russia-to-upgrade-moscows-missile-defenses-by-years-end/. 
  7. ↑ "Armed forces plan to get first S-500 systems in 2021. (In Russian)". 8 May 2020. https://ria.ru/20200508/1571131241.html. 
  8. ↑ "First batch of Russian-made S-500 system enters service — Deputy PM". https://tass.com/defense/1338617. 
  9. ↑ "Russia Puts Its 'F-22 Killer' S-500 Missile Defense System into Mass Production as Tensions Boil over Ukraine". 25 April 2022. https://eurasiantimes.com/russia-puts-its-f-22-raptor-killer-s-500-missile-defense-system/. 
  10. ↑ "Valeriy Ivanov on VKO, S-500, S-400 | Russian Defense Policy". russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com. 24 July 2011. https://russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com/2011/07/24/ivanov-on-vko-s400-s500/. 
  11. ↑ "Russian Army Will Be Equipped with S-500 New Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System for 2020". 28 November 2013. http://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2013_defense_industry_military_news_uk/russian_army_will_be_equipped_with_s-500_new_surface-to-air_missile_defense_system_for_2020_2811133.html. 
  12. ↑ "New-generation missile destroyer under development in Russia". ITAR-TASS. 21 October 2014. http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/755539. 
  13. ↑ "Armed forces plan to get first S-500 systems in 2021. (In Russian)". 23 February 2021. https://ria.ru/20200508/1571131241.html. 
  14. ↑ "Russian Defense Ministry signs contract on first 10 S-500 air defense systems — source". https://tass.com/defense/1320543. 
  15. ↑ Hendrickx, Bart (2 November 2020). "Russia gears up for electronic warfare in space (part 2)". The Space Review. https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4060/1. 
  16. ↑ "Defense firm signs contract on delivery of S-500 air defense systems to Russian troops". https://tass.com/defense/1494269. 
  17. ↑ "Russia's S-500 Air Defense System Reportedly Hits Target Nearly 300 Miles Away". JOSEPH TREVITHICK. 24 May 2018. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/21080/russias-s-500-air-defense-system-reportedly-hits-target-nearly-300-miles-away. 
  18. ↑ "S-500 or A-235? Russia Tests Advanced New Missile Defence System With Extreme Range". 5 June 2019. https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/s-500-or-a-235-russia-tests-advanced-new-missile-defence-system-with-extreme-range. 
  19. ↑ "Serial production of missiles for S-500 air defense systems begins in Russia — source". https://tass.com/defense/1324639. 
  20. ↑ "First regiment of S-500 air defense systems to defend Moscow — source". https://tass.com/defense/1348691. 
  21. ↑ Garamone, Jim (2020-07-28). "Missile Defense Becomes Part of Great Power Competition" (in en-US). https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2291331/missile-defense-becomes-part-of-great-power-competition/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Ptichkin, Sergei (8 July 2014) (in ru). rg.ru. http://www.rg.ru/2014/07/07/s-500-site.html. 
  23. ↑ "Russia creating new aerospace defence system". ITAR-TASS. 11 August 2009. http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=14223430&PageNum=0. 
  24. ↑ "First S-500 missile complex to be put on combat alert in central Russia". TASS. http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/745920. 
  25. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). Lenta.ru. 10 April 2012. https://lenta.ru/articles/2012/04/10/future/. 
  26. ↑ Vranic, Miko (2022-04-27). "Russia begins series production of S-500 air-defence system". Janes. https://www.janes.com/amp/russia-begins-series-production-of-s-500-air-defence-system/ZnlJK3dHVU9mZ28xajRJVkc5dVI5VFp1cVMwPQ2. 
  27. ↑ Photo vpk.name
  28. ↑ Popov, Aleksandr (22 September 2016). "'The National Interest': Россия вооружается С-500 и сможет сбивать все что летает" (in ru). Newsland.com. https://newsland.com/community/4109/content/the-nationa-linterest-rossiia-vooruzhaetsia-s-500-i-smozhet-sbivat-vse-chto-letaet/5453294. 
  29. ↑ First regiment of S-500 new air defense missile system will protect Moscow and center of Russia. Armyrecognition.com, 21 August 2014.
  30. ↑ "S-500 Prometheus". http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/s-500/#fn-7594-3. 
  31. ↑ Kopp, Carlo (2011-06-15). "Almaz-Antey S-500 Triumfator M Self Propelled Air / Missile Defence System / SA-X-NN / Самоходный Комплекс Противоракетной / Противосамолетной Обороны С-500 "Триумфатор-М"". ausairpower.net. pp. 1. http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-500-Triumfator-M.html. 
  32. ↑ "Russia exploring market for S550 missile system; all eyes on India". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russia-exploring-market-for-s550-missile-system-all-eyes-on-india/articleshow/87688003.cms?from=mdr. 
  33. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: India Likely To Be The First Customer Of S-500 Missile Defense System – Russian Deputy PM" (in en-US). 2021-09-17. https://eurasiantimes.com/exclusive-india-likely-to-be-the-first-customer-of-s-500-missile-defense-system-russian-deputy-pm/. 
  34. ↑ "First batch of Russian-made S-500 system enters service — Deputy PM". https://tass.com/defense/1338617. 
  35. ↑ "Government speculation: India may buy S-500 missile system" (in en-US). 2021-09-17. https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2021/09/17/government-speculation-india-may-buy-s-500-anti-aircraft-system/. 
  36. ↑ "India Could Potentially Become 1st Buyer Of Russias S-500 Missile System - Borissov" (in en). https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/india-could-potentially-become-1st-buyer-of-r-1352011.html. 

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