Engineering:Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution

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Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution
Communications satellite with TEMPO spacecraft model.png
TEMPO attached to a communications satellite.
OperatorNASA
ManufacturerBall Aerospace
Instrument typeUV/Vis spectrometer
FunctionAtmospheric chemistry and pollution monitoring
Began operations2023 (planned)[1][2]
Websitetempo.si.edu
Properties
Resolution0.6 nm
Spectral band290–740 nm (UV, Vis)
Host spacecraft
SpacecraftIntelsat 40e[3]
OperatorIntelsat
Launch date7 April 2023, 4:30:00 UTC
RocketFalcon 9 Block 5 B1076.4
Launch siteCape Canaveral, SLC-40
OrbitGeostationary, 91° W

Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) is a space-based spectrometer designed to measure air pollution across greater North America at a high resolution and on an hourly basis.[4][5] The ultraviolet–visible spectrometer will provide hourly data on ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde in the atmosphere.[6]

TEMPO is a hosted payload on a commercial geostationary communication satellite with a constant view of North America. TEMPO's spectrometer measures reflected sunlight from the Earth's atmosphere and separates it into 2,000 component wavelengths.[4] It will scan North America from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Alberta oil sands to Mexico City.[7] TEMPO will form part of a geostationary constellation of pollution-monitoring assets, along with the planned Sentinel-4 from ESA and Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) from South Korea's KARI.[8]

On 3 February 2020, Intelsat announced that the Intelsat 40e satellite will host TEMPO. Maxar Technologies, the builder of the satellite, is responsible for payload integration.[9][1][2] The launch occurred on 7 April 2023.[10]

Earth Venture-Instrument program

TEMPO, which is a collaboration between NASA and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, is NASA's first Earth Venture-Instrument (EVI) mission.[11][12] The EVI program is an element within the Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program office, which is under NASA's Science Mission Directorate Earth Science Division (SMD/ESD). EVI's are a series of innovative "science-driven, competitively selected, low cost missions". The series of "Venture Class" missions were recommended in the 2007 publication Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond.[13] "[I]nnovative research and application missions that might address any area of Earth science" are selected through frequent "openly-competed solicitations".[14]

Earth Venture missions are "small-sized competitively selected orbital missions and instrument missions of opportunity" and include NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), ICESat-2, SAGE III on ISS, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On (GRACE-FO), Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), and the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar (GEDI).[15]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Maxar Technologies Will Build Next-Generation Intelsat Epic Geostationary Communications Satellite with NASA Hosted Payload". Maxar Technologies (Press release). Business Wire. 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020. External link in |publisher= (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Werner, Debra (22 July 2019). "Maxar to install NASA pollution sensor on commercial satellite". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/maxar-to-install-nasa-pollution-sensor-on-commercial-satellite/. Retrieved 18 November 2019. 
  3. ↑ https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/17/spacex-selected-to-launch-intelsat-telecom-satellite-nasa-pollution-monitor/ - 18 March 2020
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 William Harwood (7 April 2023). "SpaceX launches Intelsat relay station carrying NASA air pollution monitor". https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-launches-nasa-air-pollution-monitor-satellite/. Retrieved April 7, 2023. 
  5. ↑ Justine Calma (7 April 2023). "NASA's powerful new air quality monitor has launched into space". https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/7/23673162/nasa-air-quality-monitor-satellite-launch-tempo. Retrieved April 7, 2023. 
  6. ↑ "NASA's TEMPO instrument to measure air quality in NY, LA and Chicago". 14 March 2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/nasa-tempo-instrument-chicago/. Retrieved April 7, 2023. 
  7. ↑ "NASA's TEMPO Mission to Launch in Early April". 3 April 2023. https://www.tomorrowsworldtoday.com/2023/04/03/nasas-tempo-mission-launch/. Retrieved April 20, 2023. 
  8. ↑ Zoogman, P. (January 2017). "Tropospheric emissions: Monitoring of pollution (TEMPO)". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 186: 17–39. doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008. PMID 32817995. PMC 7430511. Bibcode: 2017JQSRT.186...17Z. https://arroma.uiowa.edu/docs/publication/paper_pdf/2017/Zoogman.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "Maxar Integrates NASA Pollution-Monitoring Payload with Intelsat 40e Spacecraft". Maxar Technologies. 23 November 2021. https://blog.maxar.com/space-infrastructure/2021/maxar-integrates-nasa-pollution-monitoring-payload-with-intelsat-40e-spacecraft. 
  10. ↑ Baylor, Michael. "Falcon 9 Block 5 - Intelsat-40e/TEMPO". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/4083. 
  11. ↑ "TEMPO Twitter page". https://twitter.com/TEMPO_Mission. ""TEMPO will measure pollution of N. America hourly at high spatial resolution. NASA's first Earth Venture Instrument mission is a collaboration with Smithsonian"." 
  12. ↑ "Missions: Earth Venture-Instrument". NASA. https://eospso.nasa.gov/mission-category/55. Retrieved 5 June 2019. 
  13. ↑ Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond. National Academies Press. 2007. doi:10.17226/11820. ISBN 978-0-309-66714-2. 
  14. ↑ "Missions: Venture Class". NASA. https://eospso.nasa.gov/mission-category/13. Retrieved 5 June 2019. 
  15. ↑ Neeck, Steven P. (October 2015). "The NASA Earth Science Flight Program: An update". in Meynart, Roland; Neeck, Steven P; Shimoda, Haruhisa. Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIX. 9639. 963907. doi:10.1117/12.2199919. ISBN 978-1-62841-849-1. Bibcode: 2015SPIE.9639E..07N. 

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