Grothendieck trace theorem

Short description: Extension of Lidskii's theorem

In functional analysis, the Grothendieck trace theorem is an extension of Lidskii's theorem about the trace and the determinant of a certain class of nuclear operators on Banach spaces, the so-called $\frac{2}{3}$-nuclear operators. The theorem was proven in 1955 by Alexander Grothendieck. Lidskii's theorem does not hold in general for Banach spaces.

The theorem should not be confused with the Grothendieck trace formula from algebraic geometry.

Grothendieck trace theorem

Given a Banach space $(B,\Vert \cdot \Vert )$ with the approximation property and denote its dual as $B^{\prime }$.

2/3-nuclear operators

Let $A$ be a nuclear operator on $B$, then $A$ is a $\frac{2}{3}$-nuclear operator if it has a decomposition of the form $$A=\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\phi }_k\otimes f_k$$ where ${\phi }_k\in B$ and $f_k\in B^{\prime }$ and $$\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\Vert {\phi }_k{\Vert }^{2/3}\Vert f_k{\Vert }^{2/3}<\mathrm{\infty }.$$

Grothendieck's trace theorem

Let ${\lambda }_j(A)$ denote the eigenvalues of a $\frac{2}{3}$-nuclear operator $A$ counted with their algebraic multiplicities. If $$\sum _j|{\lambda }_j(A)|<\mathrm{\infty }$$ then the following equalities hold: $$\mathrm{tr}A=\sum _j|{\lambda }_j(A)|$$ and for the Fredholm determinant $$\det (I+A)=\prod _j(1+{\lambda }_j(A)).$$

See also

• Nuclear operators between Banach spaces

Literature

• Gohberg, Israel; Goldberg, Seymour; Krupnik, Nahum (1991). Traces and Determinants of Linear Operators. Operator Theory Advances and Applications. Basel: Birkhäuser. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-7643-6177-8.