List of concurrent and parallel programming languages

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This article lists concurrent and parallel programming languages, categorizing them by a defining paradigm. Concurrent and parallel programming languages involve multiple timelines. Such languages provide synchronization constructs whose behavior is defined by a parallel execution model. A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a program. A parallel language is able to express programs that are executable on more than one processor. Both types are listed, as concurrency is a useful tool in expressing parallelism, but it is not necessary. In both cases, the features must be part of the language syntax and not an extension such as a library (libraries such as the posix-thread library implement a parallel execution model but lack the syntax and grammar required to be a programming language).

The following categories aim to capture the main, defining feature of the languages contained, but they are not necessarily orthogonal.

Coordination languages

Dataflow programming

Main page: Dataflow programming

Distributed computing

Main page: Distributed computing

Event-driven and hardware description

Functional programming

Main page: Functional programming

Logic programming

Main page: Concurrent logic programming

Monitor-based

Main page: Monitor (synchronization)

Multi-threaded

Object-oriented programming

Main page: Object-oriented programming

Partitioned global address space (PGAS)

Main page: Partitioned global address space

Message passing

Main page: Message passing

Actor model

Main page: Actor model

CSP-based

Main page: Communicating sequential processes

APIs/frameworks

These application programming interfaces support parallelism in host languages.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Thom Frühwirth (9 July 2009). Constraint Handling Rules. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87776-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=BKiy7ohjpBUC&q=concurrent. 
  2. ↑ "Using Threads to Run Code Simultaneously - The Rust Programming Language" (in en). https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-01-threads.html. 
  3. ↑ Documentation » The Python Standard Library » Concurrent Execution
  4. ↑ "Using Message Passing to Transfer Data Between Threads - The Rust Programming Language" (in en). https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-02-message-passing.html. 
  5. ↑ Alan Kay The Early History Of Smalltalk
  6. ↑ "Crystal Programming Language – Concurrency". https://crystal-lang.org/docs/guides/concurrency.html. Retrieved 10 August 2018. 



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