Medicine:Anal dysplasia
From HandWiki
Short description: Pre-cancerous condition of the anal canal
Anal dysplasia is a pre-cancerous condition which occurs when the lining of the anal canal undergoes abnormal changes. It can be classified as low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).[1] Most cases are not associated with symptoms, but people may notice lumps in and around the anus.[2]
Causes
Anal dysplasia is most commonly linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), a usually sexually-transmitted infection.[3] HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States[4] while genital herpes (HSV) was the most common sexually transmitted infection globally.[5]
Diagnosis
See also
- Human papillomavirus
- Anal cancer
References
- ↑ Darragh, Teresa (October 2012). "The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology. Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions". Arch Pathol Lab Med 136 (10): 1266–1297. doi:10.5858/arpa.LGT200570. PMID 22742517. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sc1543v.
- ↑ Salit, Irving. "Fact Sheets: Anal dyspasia". Canadian Aids Treatment Information Exchange. http://www.catie.ca/facts.nsf/d3d652aa551a843685256f0900686f9f/82ac7c40872970828525725f0059c310!OpenDocument.
- ↑ Palefsky, Joel M.; Holly, Elizabeth A.; Ralston, Mary L.; Jay, Naomi (February 1988). "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Men" (PDF). The Journal of Infectious Diseases. http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/177/2/361.long. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- ↑ "CDC Fact Sheet - Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States". CDC. February 2013. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/STI-Estimates-Fact-Sheet-Feb-2013.pdf.
- ↑ Antonio C Gerbase; Jane T Rowley; Thierry E Merten (1998). "Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases". Lancet 352: S2–S4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90001-0. PMID 9652711.
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