Social:List of communist parties in India

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Short description: List of communist parties in India
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This page contains a list of political parties in India that are aligned with the communist ideology. Most communist parties in India trace their origins to-

  • (i) the Communist Party of India, the oldest communist party in India, takes part in parliamentary processes;[1][2][3][4]
  • (ii) the All India Forward Bloc which was a faction within the Indian National Congress led by Subhas Chandra Bose,[5][6] the leader of the Indian National Army, which led an armed struggle for independence during World War II.[7] Today AIFB takes part in parliamentary processes;[8]
  • (iii) the Revolutionary Socialist Party (India), which is considered the successor to Anushilan Samiti, and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association,[9] the HSRA was an organization that lead an armed revolutionary socialist movement against the British raj[10]:18 (Prominent members include Bhagat Singh,[11] Chandra Shekhar Azad[12]), the Anushilan Samiti believed in using revolutionary violence to end colonial rule, and was led by Aurobindo Gosh. Today RSP takes part in parliamentary processes;[8]
  • (iv) the Communist Party of India (Marxist), which split from CPI in 1964, takes part in parliamentary processes;[13]
  • (v) and finally, the now-defunct Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist), which was formed after the Naxalbari uprising by radicals from the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and its peasant's wing All India Kisan Sabha.[14][15][16] It gave rise to many groups who carry out a revolutionary socialist armed struggle on the lines of Mao Zedong's people's war military stratergy and Charu Majumdar's "Historic Eight Documents",[17][18][19] some splinter factions gave up armed struggle and joined parliamentary processes.[20] (see Naxalite–Maoist insurgency)

Currently, electoral socialist politics is especially prevalent in the states of Kerala, West Bengal, and Tripura.

In terms of armed insurgency the red corridor, also called the red zone,[21] is a region that is considerably affected by the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency, the red corridor is in the eastern, central, and southern parts of India more specifically in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, and West Bengal.[22][23][24][25]

Communist Parties Registered with Election Commission of India

Communist Parties with National Party Status

A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils any one of the three conditions listed below:[26]
  1. The party wins 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha from at least three different states.[27]
  2. At a general election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls 6% of votes in any four or more states and in addition it wins four Lok Sabha seats.
  3. The party gets recognition as a state party in four states.
Election Symbol Party Flag Name Ideology Founded Leader State/UT governed State/UT in Alliance partner in government Seats in
Lok Sabha 		Seats in
Rajya Sabha 		Seats in State
Assemblies 		Seats in State
Councils
CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg
 CPI-M-flag.svg Communist Party of India (Marxist)[28][29] Communism[30] 7 November 1964
(59 years ago) (1964-11-07)[31][32][33] 		Sitaram Yechury (General Secretary)[34][35][36] 1/31
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Communist Parties with State Party Status

A party has to fulfill any of the following conditions for recognition as a state party:
  1. A party should secure at least 6% of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least 2 seats in that state assembly.
  2. A party should secure at least 6% of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least 1 seat in Lok Sabha.
  3. A party should win minimum three percent of the total number of seats or a minimum of three seats in the Legislative Assembly, which ever is higher.
  4. A party should win at least one seat in the Lok Sabha for every 25 seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that State.
  5. Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures 8% or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.
Election Symbol Party Flag Name Ideology Founded Leader Recognised In States/UT Governed Seats in
Lok Sabha 		Seats in
Rajya Sabha 		Seats in State
Assemblies 		Seats in State
Councils
chief minister Alliance partner
CPI symbol.svg
CPI-banner.svg
 Communist Party of India Communism

Marxism-Leninism

26 December 1925(98 years ago) D. Raja Kerala,

Manipur , Tamil Nadu

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Flag Logo of CPIML.png
CPIML LIBERATION FLAG.png
 Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation[37] Communism[38]
Marxism–Leninism
Maoism[38] 		28 July 1974 (49 years ago) (1974-07-28)[39][40][20] Dipankar Bhattacharya[41][42][43] Bihar[44] 0/31
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Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png
RSP-flag.svg
 Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)[8] Communism
Marxism–Leninism[45]
Revolutionary socialism 		19 March 1940 (83 years ago) (1940-03-19) Manoj Bhattacharya[46] Kerala[8]
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Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg All India Forward Bloc Left-wing nationalism
Socialism
Anti-imperialism
Marxism[47] 		22 June 1939 (84 years ago) (1939-06-22) Debabrata Biswas West Bengal 0/31
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Regional Communist Parties

Parties that are regional in nature and are registered yet unrecognised.

Party Flag Name Abbr. Ideology Founded Leader Recognised in Seats in
Lok Sabha 		Seats in
Rajya Sabha 		Seats in State
Assemblies 		Seats in State
Councils 		Notes
Workers Party of India WPI Communism
Marxism 		1943 (81 years ago) (1943) Manik Dutta Registered, Unrecognized
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Peasants and Workers Party of India[8] PWP/
PWPI 		Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		13 June 1948 (75 years ago) (1948-06-13)[53] Jayant Prabhakar Patil Registered, Unrecognized[8]
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Marxist Co-ordination Committee MCC/
MCO/
M-COR 		Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Maoism 		1971 (53 years ago) (1971) Arup Chatterjee[55][56][57] Registered, Unrecognized
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  • Same affiliations and alliances as Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
United Communist Party of India UCPI Communism
Marxism-Leninism 		1989 (35 years ago) (1989) Sukhinder Singh Dhaliwal Registered, Unrecognized
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  • Created through the merger of All India Communist Party and Indian Communist Party (Sen) (both were splinter groups of Communist Party of India)

Minor Communist Parties

Negligible impact on Indian politics, many don't contest elections or organise. Some of these parties used to be important at state or even national level.

Pro Left Front Parties

Parties that support the Left Front in West Bengal and Tripura-

Election Symbol/Flag Name Abbr. Leader Founded Ideology Notes
Revolutionary Communist Party of India RCPI Biren Deka 1 August 1934 (89 years ago) (1934-08-01) Communism
Anti-Stalinism[58]
Bolshevik Party of India BPI Dilip Mathur 1939 (85 years ago) (1939) Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Marxist Forward Bloc Jaihind Singh 12 November 1953 (70 years ago) (1953-11-12) Marxism
Left-wing populism
Satyashodhak Communist Party Sharad Patil 1978 (46 years ago) (1978) Marxism
Phule thought
Ambedkarism
Marxism-Phule-Ambedkarism
Indian Election Symbol Bus.png Janathipathiya samrakshana samithy Flag.jpg Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy JSS A. N. Rajan Babu 1994 (30 years ago) (1994) Communism
Marxism
Communist Marxist Party (Aravindakshan) CMP(A) M. V. Rajesh 2019 (5 years ago) (2019) Communism
Marxism
  • Azad Hind Mancha led by Ali Imran Ramz
  • Communist Marxist Party (Rajeshkumar) led by M. Rajeshkumar
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) Kovoor led by Kovoor Kunjumon
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) Ambalathara led by Ambalathara Sreedharan Nair

Left United Front Parties

Parties in opposition to Left Front in West Bengal and Tripura as well as Left Democratic Front in Kerala-

Logo/Flag Name Abbr. Leader Founded Ideology Notes
SUCI flag.svg Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) SUCI(C) Provash Ghosh 24 April 1948 (75 years ago) (1948-04-24) Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Shibdas Ghosh Thought
Anti-revisionism
South Asian Communist Banner.svg Marxist Communist Party of India (United) MCPI(U) Maddikayala Ashok 2005 (19 years ago) (2005) Communism
Marxism–Leninism
RMPI flag.jpg Revolutionary Marxist Party of India RMPI Mangat Ram Pasla 2016 (8 years ago) (2016) Communism
Marxism–Leninism

Pro UPA Communist Parties

Part of now defunct Confederation of Indian Communists and Democratic Socialists (CICDS)

  • United Communist Party of India led by Mohit Sen
  • Communist Marxist Party (John) led by C. P. John
  • Party of Democratic Socialism led by Saifuddin Choudhury and Samir Putatundu
  • Communist Revolutionary League of India (CRLI) led by Ashim Chatterjee
  • Peoples Revolutionary Party of India (Paschimbanga Ganatantrik Manch) led by Sumantha Hira
  • Tripura Ganatantrik Manch led by Ajoy Biswas
  • Janganotantrik Morcha led by Ajoy Biswas
  • Marxist Manch of Assam
  • Orissa Communist Party led by Ajay Rout
  • Krantikari Samyavadi Party based in Bihar
  • Rashtravadi Communist Party based in Uttar Pradesh
  • Madhya Pradesh Kisan Mazdoor Adivasi Kranti Dal

Others

Pro-BJP/ NDA Communist Parties

Logo/Flag Name Abbr. Leader Founded Ideology Notes
Communist Party of Revolutionary Marxists CPRM Ratna Bahadur Rai 1996 (28 years ago) (1996) Communism
Marxism
  • CPRM was part of Confederation of Indian Communists and Democratic Socialists (CICDS), a confederation of pro- left-wing parties in India.
  • CPRM struggles for a separate Gorkhaland state to be formed within India. It formed a United Front which failed. Since the failure of the United Front, CPRM formed the People's Democratic Front.
  • CPRM is currently part of the Democratic Front, with BJP.[59]

Other Communist Parties

Logo/Flag Name Abbr. Leader Founded Ideology Notes
  • Lal Nishan Party (Leninvadi)
  • New Socialist Alternative
  • Telangana Communist Party of India
  • Odisha Communist Party
  • Bahujana Communist Party
  • Lok Sangharsh Morcha
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party (Left)
  • Communist Marxist Party (Aravindakshan)

Pro-armed struggle Communist Parties

Moderate Pro-Naxal/ Maoist Communist Parties

  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle led by Kanu Sanyal
  • Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag) led by P.C. Unnichekkan
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star led by K.N. Ramchandran
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy led by Yatendra Kumar
  • State Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) led by Leba Chand Tudu
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Somnath led by Somnath Chatterjee Ukhra and Pradip Banerjee
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Shantipal
  • Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) led by Santosh Rana
  • Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist) (D.V. Rao)
  • Communist Ghadar Party of India
  • Communist Party of Bharat led by Ranjan Chakraborty
  • Marxist-Leninist Committee led by K. Venkateswar Rao
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Praja Pantha
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Jan Samvad
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Nai Pahal
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Proletarian
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Maharashtra
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)

Extremist Pro-Naxal/ Maoist Communist Parties

  • Communist Party of India (Maoist) led by Muppala Lakshmana Rao
  • Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)
  • Communist Revolutionary Centre
  • Communist Party of United States of India led by Veeranna
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti - Koora Rajanna led by Koora Rajanna
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti - Ranadheer led by Ranadheer
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti - Chandra Pulla Reddy led by Chandra Pulla Reddy
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee) led by Mahadev Mukherjee
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Bhaijee
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Prajashakti
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Prathighatana
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Praja Pratighatana
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Second Central Committee
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Central Team
  • Communist Party Reorganisation Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist)
  • Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist) Ramnath
  • Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist) Parikalpana
  • Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist) Revisionist
  • Re-organizing Committee, Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist)

Defunct Communist Parties

Logo Name Abbr. Leaders Foundation Year Dissolution Year Ideology Notes
All India Communist Party AICP Shripad Amrit Dange 1980 1987 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
  • Merged into United Communist Party of India
Andhra Pradesh Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (Chandra Pulla Reddy) APCCR (Chandra Pulla Reddy) Chandra Pulla Reddy 1971 1975 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
  • In 1975 APCCR (Chandra Pulla Reddy) merged into the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
Andhra Pradesh Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries APCCCR T. Nagi Reddy 1968 1975 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Maoism
  • In 1975 APCCCR formed Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist) together with Northern Zone Committee Revolutionary Communist Unity Centre (Marxist-Leninist), West Bengal Communist Unity Centre and West Bengal Co-ordination Committee of Revolutionaries (WBCCR).
Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma BLPI Leslie Goonewardene 1942 1947 Communism
Leninism
Trotskyism
  • Succeeded by Bolshevik Samasamaja Party
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) COC, CPI(ML) Jagjit Singh Sohal ("Sharma") 1974 ~1982 Marxism-Leninism
  • In 1980 Kondapalli Seetharamaiah merged his faction to create the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War
  • In 1977 a faction led by Ram Nath, broke away and formed the Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist)
  • In 1982 M. Appalasuri's COC, CPI(ML) faction merged with Bhowani Roy Chowdhury's West Bengal-based CPI(ML) Unity Organisation, forming the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Party Unity
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Umadhar Singh) COC, CPI(ML) (Umdhar Singh) Umadhar Singh ~1980 1985 Marxism-Leninism
  • Merged into the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist–Leninist)
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity CPI(ML) Party Unity Narayan Sanyal alias Naveen Prasad 1982 1998 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Maoism
  • On 11 August 1998 COC, CPI(ML) Party Unity merged with Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Shantipal COC, CPI(ML) Shanti Pal Shanti Pal (first)
Mankhushi Jha (last) 		~1970 ~2006 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Maoism
  • As of 2006 the leader of Shanti Pal group in Madhepura was in jail, sentenced for the killing of a mukhya.
Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) CRC, CPI(ML) K. Venu 1979 1991 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Maoism
  • In October 1991 CRC, CPI(ML) was dissolved. K. Venu renounced Maoism and declared an All India communist party as an impossibility
Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India CCRI 1988 1994 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
  • In August 1994 CCRI merged with the Punjab section of CPI(ML) Central Team, Communist Unity Centre of India and Marxist-Leninist Organising Centre to form the Communist Party Reorganisation Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist)
Centre of Indian Communists CIC 1974 1977 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Maoism
  • During the Emergency prohibition of several resistance groups was enforced.
Communist Consolidation Hare Krishna Konar 1935 1947 Indian nationalism
Communism
Marxism–Leninism
  • Dissolved after India achieved freedom
Communist League N. C. Sekhar 1931 1937 Communism
  • The Party merged with Communist Party of India in 1937
Communist League of India (Marxist–Leninist) CLI (ML) Ram Nath (first) 1978 ~2019 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Maoism
  • Over the years this party got divided into numerous different factions
Communist Marxist Party CMP C. P. John 1986 2014 Communism
Marxism
  • In March 2014, the party split into two factions. CMP(A) led by K. R. Aravindakshan & CMP(J) led by C. P. John
Communist Organisation of India (Marxist–Leninist) COI (ML) Kanu Sanyal 1985 2003 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
  • In 2003 COI (ML) merged with Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Unity Initiative to form Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)
Communist Party of French India V. Subbiah 1940 1954 Communism
  • Dissolved after the liberation of Pondicherry
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Bolshevik CPI (ML) (Bolshevik) Jayshree Rana 1977 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Central Team CPI(ML) Central Team 1977 1994 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-revisionism
  • In 1994 the Punjab branch of CPI(ML) Central Team unified with Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India, Communist Unity Centre of India and Marxist–Leninist Organising Centre to form the Communist Party Reorganization Centre of India (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Initiative CPI (ML) New Initiative Arvind Sinha Communism
Marxism–Leninism
  • It merged with CPI (ML) Janashakti COC to form CPI (ML) Unity Initiative
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Unity Initiative CPI (ML) Unity Initiative Viswam 2003 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
  • In 2003, the party merged with the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist) (led by Kanu Sanyal), forming a new Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal).
Communist Party of Indian Union (Marxist–Leninist) CPIU (ML) 2003 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
  • In August 2003 discussions took place between Kanu Sanyal and Arvind Sinha from CPI (ML) and Subodh Mitra and S.D. Bose about a possible merger between CPIU (ML) and CPI (ML). The conference of CPIU (ML) in Samastipur 18 November 2003 confirmed the merger plans, and CPIU (ML) joined the CPI (ML) of Sanyal.
Communist Revolutionary Party Communism
Communist Workers Party (India) CWP Jyotibhushan Bhattacharya 1976 Communism
Comrades Association Communism
Forward Communist Party FCP K.N. Joglekar 1948 1952 Communism
  • In 1952 FCP disintegrated into two separate parties, Forward Communist Party (Joglekar) and Forward Communist Party (Anandi Mukherji). The same year, FCP(J) merged with the Communist Party of India and FCP(AM) merged with Bolshevik Party of India.
Forward Communist Party (Anandi Mukherji) FCP (AM) Anandi Mukherji 1952 1952 Communism
  • In 1952 FCP disintegrated into two separate parties, Forward Communist Party (Joglekar) and Forward Communist Party (Anandi Mukherji). The same year, FCP(J) merged with the Communist Party of India and FCP(AM) merged with Bolshevik Party of India.
Forward Communist Party (Joglekar) FCP (J) K.N. Joglekar 1952 1952 Communism
  • In 1952 FCP disintegrated into two separate parties, Forward Communist Party (Joglekar) and Forward Communist Party (Anandi Mukherji). The same year, FCP(J) merged with the Communist Party of India and FCP(AM) merged with Bolshevik Party of India.
Indian Communist Party ICP U. Krishnappa 1985 Communism
Marxism
  • In May 1985 ICP merged into the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist).
Indian Communist Party (Sen) ICP Mohit Sen 1988 Communism
Marxism
  • In 1988, Indian Communist Party merged with the All India Communist Party to become United Communist Party of India.
Indian People's Front IPF Nagbhushan Patnaik
Dipankar Bhattacharya 		1982 1994 Communism
  • IPF was operated as the open mass front of the CPIML Liberation.
  • In December 1992, the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation held its fifth congress in Kolkata. Following which the party came out of the underground and eventually disbanded the Indian People's Front in 1994.
  • From 1995 onward the party began contesting elections on its own, substituting the role of the former front.
Inquilabi Communist Sangathan ICS Achin Vanaik, Magan Desai, Thakore Shah, Amar Jesani, Vibhuti Patel, Somendra Kumar, Jagabandhu Chattopadhyay and Kunal Chattopadhyay 1984 2004 Communism
Trotskyism
  • Their last public activity was a hostile intervention into the World Social Forum of Mumbai 2004.
  • West Bengal-based Trotskyists who had left ICS in 2003 regrouped in 2008 to form Radical Socialist.
Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan LKPH Singaravelu Chettiar 1923 1925 Communism
Socialism
  • Singaravelu announced the dissolution of the party at the 1925 Kanpur conference of the Communist Party of India.
Lal Communist Party Hind Union Teja Singh Swatantra 1948 1952 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
  • Merger talks between the CPI Punjab unit and the Lal Communist Party began in 1951.
  • The Lal Communist Party approached the CPI to discuss reunification, albeit Teja Singh Swatantra opposed the idea. The CPI leadership responded positively. A party meeting was held at Dalel Singh Wala, which unanimously decided to dissolve the Lal Communist Party and unconditionally join CPI.
  • The merger of the two parties was completed in July 1952.
Lal Jhanda Dal Swadesh Mitra Communism
Maoism
Lal Nishan Party LNP 1965 2018 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
  • In 2017 August, LNP merger with the Communist Party of India was discussed.
League Against Gandhism/Gandhi Boycott Committee 1934 Communism
Anti-Gandhism
Liberation Front (Sabuj Sen) Sabuj Sen 1985 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Naxalism
  • The party later merged with Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist).
Marxist Communist Party of India MCPI Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri 1983 2005 Communism
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
  • In 2005 by the unification of the Marxist Communist Party of India, the Mangat Ram Pasla-led breakaway group from the CPI(M) in Punjab - Communist Party Marxist (Punjab), the BTR-EMS-AKG Janakeeya Vedi (a Kerala-based splinter group of the CPI(M), which had been based in the CITU) and the Hardan Roy group in West Bengal and formed Marxist Communist Party of India (United).
  • In 2005 MCPI merged with other splinter groups to form the Marxist Communist Party of India (United)
Marxist League (India) 1933 1934 Communism
Marxism
Marxist League of Kerala Communism
Marxism
Trotskyism
  • Marxist Communist Party of India
  • Marxist League (India)
  • Marxist League of Kerala
  • National Democratic Front of Boroland
  • National Revolutionary Socialist Party
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari
  • Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
  • Pakistan Communist Party
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War
  • Punjab Communist Revolutionary Committee
  • Real Communist Party of India
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Flag
  • Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Maoist)
  • Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist–Leninist)
  • Revolutionary Communist Council of India
  • Revolutionary Communist Party (India)
  • Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Das)
  • Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Tagore)
  • Revolutionary Communist Unity Centre (Marxist–Leninist)
  • Revolutionary Marxist Party
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party (Sreekandan Nair)
  • Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist)
  • Revolutionary Workers Party (India)
  • Samyavadi Sangstha
  • Socialist Party (Marxist)
  • Socialist Workers Party (India)
  • Tamil Nadu Communist Party
  • Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist)
  • Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Ajmer group)
  • Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Anand)
  • Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Harbhajan Sohi)
  • Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) Subodh Mitra
  • Uttar Pradesh Revolutionary Socialist Party
  • Workers and Peasants Party (India)
  • Workers Revolutionary Party (India)
  • Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)

Defunct Naxal-Maoist Communist Parties

Logo Name Abbr./A.k.a Leaders Foundation Year Dissolution Year Ideology Notes
All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries AICCCR Charu Majumdar;
Kanu Sanyal 		1967 1969 Communism
Marxism-Leninism
  • Existed in 1967-1969: Originally a group within the CPI (Marxist). AICCCR was the predecessor to the original CPI (M-L)
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) CPI (ML) Charu Majumdar 1969 1972 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Mao Zedong Thought
  • This is the original CPI (ML) which was founded on April 22, 1969. Led by Charu Mazumdar until his death in 1972. Splintered into many separate organizations.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War 1980 2004 Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Mao Zedong Thought
Maoist Communist Centre MCC 1975 2004 Communism
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism

Separatist Communist Parties

Active Communist Parties

Manipur

Party Flag Name Abbr. Ideology Founded Leader Notes
People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak PREPAK Communism
Separatism 		9 November 1977 (46 years ago) (1977-11-09)
Bandera FPRM Manipur.png People's Liberation Army of Manipur PLA-MP/PLAM Communism
Mao Zedong Thought
Separatism 		25 September 1979 (44 years ago) (1979-09-25)
South Asian Communist Banner.svg Kangleipak Communist Party Communism
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 		14 April 1980 (43 years ago) (1980-04-14) Ibungo Ngangom

The KCP has now been divided into numerous factions.[60]

South Asian Communist Banner.svg Maoist Communist Party of Manipur MCPM Communism
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
Separatism 		September 2011 (12 years ago) (2011-09) Chiranglen Sapamcha

Greater Nepal

Party Flag Name Abbr. Ideology Founded Leader Notes
Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj ABNES Maoism
Nepalese unity in India 		1979 (45 years ago) (1979) Bhot Bahadur thapa hemraj Singh gaman khtri

Defunct Communist Parties

Bodoland

Logo Name Abbr. Leaders Foundation Year Dissolution Year Ideology Notes
National Democratic Front of Boroland NDFB B. Saoraigwra
G. Bidai[61]
B.R. Ferrenga 		1986 2020 Ethnic nationalism[62]
Marxism
Socialism
Democracy
Separatism
  • The NDFB signed a peace treaty with the government in 2020 and disbanded itself.[63]

See also

Note: This topic belongs to "India" portal

  • Socialism in India
  • Communism in India
  • Communism in Kerala
  • Naxalite
  • List of political parties in India
  • Politics of India
  • List of Naxalite and Maoist groups in India

References

  1. ↑ "Recognized National Parties". https://eci.gov.in/files/category/267-recognized-national-parties/. 
  2. ↑ "Brief History of CPI - CPI". https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi. 
  3. ↑ "Foundation of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1925: product of (...) - Mainstream". http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html. 
  4. ↑ NOORANI, A. G. (17 May 2012). "Origins of Indian communism". https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece. 
  5. ↑ The Calcutta Historical Journal. 3. University of Calcutta.. 1978. p. 59. https://books.google.com/books?id=WoRDAAAAYAAJ&q=3+May+1939. 
  6. ↑ Padhy, K.S. (2011), Indian Political Thought, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., p. 234, ISBN 978-81-203-4305-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=jEz5soh9P3oC&pg=PA234 
  7. ↑ Fay, Peter W. (1993), The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942–1945, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0-472-08342-2 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013". India: Election Commission of India. 2013. http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "Origins of the RSP". https://www.marxists.org/archive/bhattacharya/1982/origins-rsp/ch01.htm. 
  10. ↑ Gupta, Amit Kumar (1997), "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897–1938", Social Scientist 25 (9/10): 3–27, doi:10.2307/351767 
  11. ↑ Sawhney, Simona (2012). "Bhagat Singh". Punjab Reconsidered. pp. 377–402. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198078012.003.0054. ISBN 978-0-19-807801-2. 
  12. ↑ Habib, Irfan (September 1997). "Civil Disobedience 1930–31". Social Scientist 25 (9/10): 43–66. doi:10.2307/3517680. 
  13. ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18 January 2013". India: Election Commission of India. 2013. https://eci.gov.in/files/category/267-recognized-regional-parties/. 
  14. ↑ "Road to Naxalbari". http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2926/stories/20130111292608800.htm. 
  15. ↑ "Magazine / Reflections : From Naxalbari to Nalgonda". 2004-12-05. http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2004/12/05/stories/2004120500470400.htm. 
  16. ↑ Daily, Peoples. "Spring Thunder Over India". https://www.marxists.org/subject/china/documents/peoples-daily/1967/07/05.htm. 
  17. ↑ "The Naxalbari Uprising" (in en). 30 years of Naxalbari. http://www.bannedthought.net/India/PeoplesMarch/PM1999-2006/publications/30%20years/part1.htm. 
  18. ↑ Nadeem Ahmed. "Naxalite Ideology: Charu's Eight Documents" (in en). The Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/naxalite-ideology-charu-s-eight-documents/story-hiCWDlzyc5yNRgYkBMX1qL.html. 
  19. ↑ "The Hindustan Times". History of Naxalism. http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "The road from Naxalbari". http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm. 
  21. ↑ Bhattacharjee, Sumit (2021-06-26). "When Greyhounds struck in Andhra Pradesh's fading red zone" (in en-IN). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/when-greyhounds-struck-in-andhra-pradeshs-fading-red-zone/article34979972.ece. 
  22. ↑ "Armed revolt in the Red Corridor". Mondiaal Nieuws, Belgium. 2008-06-25. http://www.mo.be/index.php?id=61&no_cache=0&tx_uwnews_pi2%5Bart_id%5D=21704. 
  23. ↑ "Women take up guns in India's red corridor". The Asian Pacific Post. 2008-06-09. http://www.asianpacificpost.com/portal2/ff8080810ba5e679010bbae9487b017f_Indian_woman_red_fighter.do.html. 
  24. ↑ "Rising Maoists Insurgency in India". Global Politician. 2007-05-13. http://www.globalpolitician.com/22790-india. 
  25. ↑ "Bihar ranks third among 10 states hit by Maoist violence". 28 April 2017. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-ranks-third-among-10-states-hit-by-maoist-violence/articleshow/58406014.cms. 
  26. ↑ "Dynamics of elevation of political parties to State or National Party". Press Information Bureau. 8 March 2014. https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive2/erelease.aspx. 
  27. ↑ "When is a Political Party recognized as a National or State Party?" (in en-US). FACTLY. 28 January 2017. https://www.eci.nic.in/archive/press/current/PN05122k.htm. 
  28. ↑ Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-19-997489-4. 
  29. ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18 January 2013". India: Election Commission of India. 2013. https://eci.gov.in/files/category/267-recognized-regional-parties/. 
  30. ↑ Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-199-97489-4. 
  31. ↑ "ഇന്ത്യ - ചൈന സംഘർഷം : 1962 ൻ്റെ പാഠങ്ങൾ". http://lnews.in/bcccf8. 
  32. ↑ "CIA papers trace split of Indian Communists" (in en-IN). 30 June 2007. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cia-papers-trace-split-of-indian-communists/articleshow/2162923.cms. 
  33. ↑ "Communist Party in Kerala". CPI(M). http://www.kozhikodepartycongress.org/kerala-cpim-history.php. 
  34. ↑ "New Central Committee Elected at the 22nd Congress". 22 April 2018. https://cpim.org/pressbriefs/new-central-committee-elected-22nd-congress. 
  35. ↑ "Sitaram Yechury re-elected as CPI(M) general secretary". http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/apr/22/sitaram-yechury-re-elected-as-cpim-general-secretary-1804905.html. 
  36. ↑ "Biography of Sitaram Yechuri". 14 March 2011. http://www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/sitaram-yechuri.html. 
  37. ↑ "Amending Notification regarding Political Parties and their Symbols Dated 01.03.2021". India: Election Commission of India. 2013. https://eci.gov.in/files/file/12953-amending-notification-regarding-political-parties-and-their-symbol-dated-01032021/. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "General Programme of CPI(ML)" (in en-US). 6 April 2013. http://cpiml.org/documents-2/10th-congress-cpiml/general-programme-of-cpiml/. 
  39. ↑ "A Lesson In Dynamism And Dedication". http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_1999/january/homage11.htm. 
  40. ↑ "Naxalism today". https://cpim.org/marxist/198501_marxist_naxalism_Prakash.htm. 
  41. ↑ Sen, Jai (2012). Imagining Alternatives. Other worlds possible?. Gazipur: Daanish Books. p. 15. ISBN 978-93-81144-14-5. 
  42. ↑ "Organisation". http://cpiml.org/party-organization/. 
  43. ↑ Bhushan, Ranjit (2016). Maoism in India and Nepal. New York: Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-315-68549-6.
  44. ↑ "Amending Notification regarding Political Parties and their Symbol dated 01.03.2021". https://eci.gov.in/files/file/12953-amending-notification-regarding-political-parties-and-their-symbol-dated-01032021/. 
  45. ↑ Bidyut Chakrabarty (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-997489-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=oEtRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61. 
  46. ↑ "Indian citizenship act against humanity: Manoj Bhattacharya". March 2020. https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/indian-citizenship-act-against-humanity-manoj-bhattacharya. 
  47. ↑ "Party constitution". India: All India Forward Bloc. 2017. http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/. 
  48. ↑ "West Bengal: How the Left Front and Its Government Emerged". http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.htm. 
  49. ↑ "Bengal LF Support to Sept. 2 Strike". 18 August 2015. https://cpim.org/publicissues/bengal-lf-support-sept-2-strike. 
  50. ↑ "'Fading partners': Left parties open debate 'against' Cong". 11 June 2016. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/left-front-cpm-congress-alliance-biman-bose-2846356/. 
  51. ↑ SansadTV Bureau. "17 Left parties meet to strengthen unity against "communalism" - Sansad TV". Rstv.nic.in. https://rstv.nic.in/17-left-parties-meet-strengthen-unity-communalism.html. Retrieved 2022-05-24. 
  52. ↑ "CPI(M) General Secretary Prakash Karat says efforts on to bring Left forces together". https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cpim-general-secretary-prakash-karat-says-efforts-on-to-bring-left-forces-together-2026648. 
  53. ↑ Bhole B.L., ’Bharatiya Shetakari Kamgar Paksha’ (Marathi) doctoral dissertation, Nagpur University, 1982, p.37.
  54. ↑ "NCP, Congress to contest 2019 Lok Sabha polls with Peasants and Workers Party of India: Sharad Pawar" (in en). 2018-12-24. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ncp-congress-to-contest-2019-lok-sabha-polls-with-peasants-and-workers-party-of-india-sharad-pawar/story-7zcU0ljw5Dm29Yig2L3ixM.html. 
  55. ↑ "Arup Chatterjee MLA of NIRSA Jharkhand contact address & email". https://nocorruption.in/politician/arup-chatterjee/. 
  56. ↑ "MCC MLA announces support to JMM in Jharkhand". 8 July 2013. https://zeenews.india.com/news/jharkhand/mcc-mla-announces-support-to-jmm-in-jharkhand_860887.html. 
  57. ↑ "Arup Chatterjee Election Result Nirsa Live: Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election Results 2019 Arup Chatterjee Nirsa Seat". https://www.news18.com/jharkhand-assembly-elections-2019/arup-chatterjee-nirsa-candidate-s27a039c01/. 
  58. ↑ "The Defeat of the Left Front and the Search for Alternative Leftism - Radical Socialist". http://www.radicalsocialist.in/articles/national-situation/614-the-defeat-of-the-left-front-and-the-search-for-alternative-leftism. 
  59. ↑ "BJP embarks on hill drive". https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bjp-embarks-on-hill-drive/cid/1803481. 
  60. ↑ "KCP's ultra-Left turn worries Manipur | Guwahati News - Times of India". 17 September 2011. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/KCPs-ultra-Left-turn-worries-Manipur/articleshow/10016542.cms. 
  61. ↑ "Catch me if you can: Bidai". https://www.telegraphindia.com/1160108/jsp/northeast/story_62699.jsp. 
  62. ↑ Andrew T. .H. Tan (18 October 2010). Politics of Terrorism: A Survey. Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-136-83336-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=qXerAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA190. 
  63. ↑ "After 34 yrs of armed struggle, NDFB finally disbands itself | India News - Times of India". 11 March 2020. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-34-yrs-of-armed-struggle-ndfb-finally-disbands-itself/articleshow/74568295.cms. 



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