Software:Linux Mint

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Short description: Ubuntu-based Linux distribution
Linux Mint
The Linux Mint Logo.svg
Linux Mint 21 "Vanessa" (Cinnamon).png
Linux Mint 21 "Vanessa" (Cinnamon Edition)
DeveloperClément Lefèbvre and community[1]
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial release27 August 2006; 17 years ago (2006-08-27)
|Final release|Latest release}}Main:
Error: first parameter is missing. () LMDE:
Error: first parameter is missing. ()
Repositoryhttps://github.com/linuxmint
Available inMultilingual[2]
Update methodAPT (+ Software Manager, Update Manager & Synaptic user interfaces)
Package managerdpkg & Flatpak
Platformsx86-64 and x86
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
UserlandGNU
Default user interface
LicenseMainly GPL and other free software licenses, minor additions of proprietary software
Official websitelinuxmint.com

Linux Mint is a community-driven Linux distribution based on Ubuntu (which is in turn based on Debian), bundled with a variety of free and open-source applications.[4][5] It can provide full out-of-the-box multimedia support for those who choose to include proprietary software such as multimedia codecs.[6] Compared to Ubuntu, it uses the Cinnamon interface by default,[7] using a different, more traditional layout that can be customized by dragging the applets and creating panels. New applets can also be downloaded.[8]

The Linux Mint project was created by Clément Lefèbvre and is actively maintained by the Linux Mint Team and community.[9]

History

Linux Mint began in 2006 with a beta release, 1.0, code-named 'Ada',[10] based on Kubuntu and using its KDE interface. Linux Mint 2.0 'Barbara' was the first version to use Ubuntu as its codebase and its GNOME interface. It had few users until the release of Linux Mint 3.0, 'Cassandra'.[11][12]

Linux Mint 2.0 was based on Ubuntu 6.10,[citation needed] using Ubuntu's package repositories and using it as a codebase. It then followed its own codebase, building each release from the previous one, but continuing to use the package repositories of the latest Ubuntu release. This made the two systems' bases almost identical, guaranteeing full compatibility between them, rather than requiring Mint to be a fork.[citation needed]

In 2008, Linux Mint adopted the same release cycle as Ubuntu and dropped its minor version number before releasing version 5 'Elyssa'. The same year, in an effort to increase compatibility between the two systems, Linux Mint decided to abandon its codebase and changed the way it built its releases. Starting with Linux Mint 6 'Felicia', each release was based completely on the latest Ubuntu release, built directly from it, and made available approximately one month after the corresponding Ubuntu release (usually in May or November).[citation needed]

Linux Mint Debian Edition

In 2010, Linux Mint released Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE). Unlike the other Ubuntu-based editions (Ubuntu Mint), LMDE was originally a rolling release based directly on Debian and not tied to Ubuntu packages or its release schedule.[12] It was announced on May 27, 2015, that the Linux Mint team would no longer support the original rolling release version of LMDE after January 1, 2016.[13] LMDE 2 'Betsy' was a long-term support release based on Debian Jessie.[14] When LMDE 2 was released, it was announced that all LMDE users would be automatically upgraded to new versions of MintTools software and new desktop environments before they were released into the main edition of Linux Mint.[15]

2016 hack

On February 20, 2016, the Linux Mint website was breached by unknown hackers who briefly replaced download links for a version of Linux Mint with a modified version containing malware. The hackers also breached the database of the website's user forum.[16][17] Linux Mint immediately took its server offline and implemented enhanced security configurations for their website and forum.[18]

Releases

Every version of Linux Mint is given a version number and code-named with a feminine first name ending in 'a' and beginning with a letter of the alphabet that increased with every major revision.[12] Version 18 broke from the pattern with the name 'Sarah',[19] though in English it retains the same final vowel sound as all of the other releases.

Initially, there were two Linux Mint releases per year. Following the release of Linux Mint 5 in 2008, every fourth release was labeled a long-term support (LTS) version,[20] indicating that it was supported (with updates) for longer than traditional releases. Versions 5 and 9 had three years of support, and all LTS versions following received five years of support.[21]

On May 31, 2014, with the release of Linux Mint 17,[22] the Linux Mint team adopted a new release strategy. Starting with the release of Mint 17, all future versions were planned to use a LTS version of Ubuntu as a base, until 2016.[23] Under this strategy, Mint 17.1 was released on November 29, 2014,[24] Mint 17.2 was released on June 30, 2015,[25] and Mint 17.3 was released on December 4, 2015.[26] The 17.x releases are intended to be an easy, optional upgrade.[27] All three versions included upgrades to the Cinnamon and MATE Desktop Environments and various Mint tools. In addition, Mint 17.2 and 17.3 included an upgrade to the LibreOffice suite.[28][29] The 18.x series follows the pattern set by the 17.x series, by using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS as a base.[19]

Linux Mint does not communicate specific release dates as new versions are published 'when ready', meaning that they can be released early when the distribution is ahead of schedule or late when critical bugs are found.[30] New releases are announced, with much other material, on the Linux Mint blog.[31]

On January 3, 2018, the Linux Mint Team released news of Linux Mint 19 'Tara'. The team stated that the 19.x releases would use GTK 3.22 and be based on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, with support provided until 2023. On June 29, 2018, Linux Mint 19 'Tara' Cinnamon was released.[32] Then, on December 24, 2019, Linux Mint 19.3, 'Tricia' was released, with security updates available until 2023.[33]

On June 27, 2020, Linux Mint 20 'Ulyana' was released. It is an LTS version with support until 2025.[34] On January 8, 2021, Linux Mint 20.1 'Ulyssa' was released.[35] On July 8, 2021, Linux Mint 20.2 'Uma' was released.[36] On January 5, 2022, Linux Mint 20.3 "Una" was released.[37]

Up to 2014 there had been two Linux Mint releases per year, about one month after the Ubuntu releases they were based on. Each release was given a new version number and a code name, using a female first name starting with the letter whose alphabetical index corresponds to the version number and ending with the letter "a" (e.g., "Elyssa" for version 5, "Felicia" for version 6). There is also an OEM version for ease of installation for hardware manufacturers.[38]

Releases were timed to be approximately one month after Ubuntu releases (which in turn are about one month after GNOME releases and two months after X Window System releases). Consequently, every Linux Mint release came with an updated version of both GNOME and X and features some of the improvements brought in by the latest Ubuntu release. Support for most releases was discontinued two months after the next release, but since mid-2008 v5, every fourth release has been labelled a long-term support version, indicating that it is supported (with updates) for longer, three years for v5 and v9, and five years thereafter.

Linux Mint 17 "Qiana" LTS was released on May 31, 2014, remaining current until the end of November 2014 and supported until April 2019.[38] In mid-2014 the, successor to 17 Qiana was announced to be 17.1 Rebecca; the development team said that from a technical point of view Linux Mint was no longer tied to the Ubuntu schedule, so it could be released at any time, although the six-month cycle provided rhythm, leading to a late November 2014 target.[39] Linux Mint 17 LTS would be the first release of the 17.x series, and for two years applications would be backported to 17.x, with security updates until 2019.[39]

The latest release is Linux Mint 21.3 "Virginia", released on January 12, 2024. As an LTS release, it will be supported until 2027.

Linux Mint Debian Edition, not compatible with Ubuntu,[40] is based on Debian and updates are brought in continuously between major versions (of LMDE). {{{2}}}

Version Codename Edition Codebase Compatible repository Desktop environment Release date LTS Support end
1.0 Ada Main Kubuntu 6.06 KDE 2006-08-27 27 August 2006 rowspan="16" data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A Unknown
2.0 Barbara Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) GNOME 2006-11-13 13 November 2006 rowspan="5" style="text-align: right;" | April 2008
2.1 Bea 2006-12-20 20 December 2006


rowspan=3 2.2 Bianca 2007-02-20 20 February 2007


Light 2007-03-29 29 March 2007


KDE CE Kubuntu 6.10 KDE 2007-04-20 20 April 2007


rowspan=5 3.0 Cassandra Main Bianca 2.2 Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) GNOME 2007-05-30 30 May 2007 rowspan=5 style="text-align: right;" | October 2008
Light 2007-06-15 15 June 2007


KDE CE Kubuntu 7.04 KDE 2007-08-14 14 August 2007


MiniKDE CE
Xfce CE Cassandra 3.0 Xubuntu 7.04 Xfce 2007-08-07 7 August 2007


rowspan=2 3.1 Celena Main Bianca 2.2 Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) GNOME 2007-09-24 24 September 2007 rowspan=2 style="text-align: right;" | October 2008
Light 2007-10-01 1 October 2007


rowspan=3 4.0 Daryna Main Celena 3.1 Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) 2007-10-15 15 October 2007 rowspan=3 style="text-align: right;" | April 2009
Light
KDE CE Cassandra 3.0 Kubuntu 7.10 KDE 2008-03-03 3 March 2008


rowspan=6 5 Elyssa Main Daryna 4.0 Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) GNOME 2008-06-08 8 June 2008 rowspan=6 style="text-align: center;" style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|Yes April 2011
Light
x64 Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) 2008-10-18 18 October 2008


KDE CE Daryna 4.0 Kubuntu 8.04 KDE 2008-09-15 15 September 2008


Xfce CE Xubuntu 8.04 Xfce 2008-09-08 8 September 2008


Fluxbox CE Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) Fluxbox 2008-10-21 21 October 2008


rowspan=6 6 Felicia Main Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex) GNOME 2008-12-15 15 December 2008 rowspan="6" style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No April 2010
Universal (Light)
x64 2009-02-06 6 February 2009


KDE CE Elyssa 5 Kubuntu 8.10 KDE 2009-04-08 8 April 2009


Xfce CE Xubuntu 8.10 Xubuntu 8.10 Xfce 2009-02-24 24 February 2009


Fluxbox CE Ubuntu 8.10 Fluxbox 2009-04-07 7 April 2009


rowspan=5 7 Gloria Main Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) GNOME 2009-05-26 26 May 2009 rowspan=5 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No October 2010
Universal (Light)
x64 2009-06-24 24 June 2009


KDE CE Kubuntu 9.04 KDE 2009-08-03 3 August 2009


Xfce CE Xubuntu 9.04 Xfce 2009-09-13 13 September 2009


rowspan=8 8 Helena Main Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) GNOME 2009-11-28 28 November 2009 rowspan=8 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No April 2011
Universal (Light)
Gnome x64 2009-12-14 14 December 2009


KDE Kubuntu 9.10 KDE 2010-02-06 6 February 2010


KDE x64 2010-02-12 12 February 2010


Fluxbox Helena Main Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) Fluxbox
Xfce Xubuntu 9.10 Xfce 2010-03-31 31 March 2010


LXDE Helena Main Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) LXDE
rowspan=7 9 Isadora Main Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) GNOME 2010-05-18 18 May 2010 rowspan=7 style="text-align: center;" style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|Yes April 2013
Gnome x64
LXDE Lubuntu 10.04 LXDE 2010-07-18 18 July 2010


KDE Kubuntu 10.04 KDE 2010-07-27 27 July 2010


KDE x64
Xfce Xubuntu 10.04 Xfce 2010-08-24 24 August 2010


Fluxbox Lubuntu 10.04 Fluxbox 2010-09-06 6 September 2010


rowspan=5 10 Julia Main Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat) GNOME 2010-11-12 12 November 2010 rowspan=5 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No April 2012
Gnome x64
KDE Kubuntu 10.10 KDE 2011-02-23 23 February 2011


KDE x64
LXDE Lubuntu 10.10 LXDE 2011-03-16 16 March 2011


rowspan=3 11 Katya Main Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) GNOME 2011-05-26 26 May 2011 rowspan=3 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No October 2012
Gnome x64
LXDE Lubuntu 11.04 LXDE 2011-08-16 16 August 2011


rowspan=3 12 Lisa Main Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot) GNOME 3 with MGSE[lower-alpha 1] 2011-11-26 26 November 2011 rowspan=3 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No April 2013
KDE Kubuntu 11.10 KDE 2012-02-02 2 February 2012


LXDE Lubuntu 11.10 LXDE 2012-03-09 9 March 2012


rowspan=3 13 Maya Cinnamon
MATE
Xfce
KDE		 Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) Cinnamon
MATE		 2012-05-23 23 May 2012 rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|Yes April 2017
Xubuntu 12.04 Xfce 2012-07-21 21 July 2012


Kubuntu 12.04 KDE 2012-07-23 23 July 2012


rowspan=3 14 Nadia Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) Cinnamon
MATE		 2012-11-20 20 November 2012 rowspan=3 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No May 2014
Xubuntu 12.10 Xfce 2012-12-21 21 December 2012


Kubuntu 12.10 KDE 2012-12-23 23 December 2012


rowspan=3 15 Olivia Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail) Cinnamon
MATE		 2013-05-29 29 May 2013[41] rowspan=3 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No January 2014
Xfce 2013-07-12 12 July 2013

[42]

KDE 2013-07-21 21 July 2013[43]


rowspan=2 16 Petra Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander) Cinnamon
MATE		 2013-11-30 30 November 2013[44][45] rowspan=2 style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|No July 2014
Xfce
KDE		 2013-12-22 22 December 2013


rowspan=3 17 Qiana Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) Cinnamon
MATE		 2014-05-31 31 May 2014 rowspan=10 style="text-align: center;" style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|Yes April 2019
KDE 2014-06-23 23 June 2014


Xfce 2014-06-26 26 June 2014


rowspan=3 17.1 Rebecca Cinnamon
MATE		 2014-11-29 29 November 2014

[39]

KDE 2015-01-08 8 January 2015


Xfce 2015-01-11 11 January 2015


rowspan=2 17.2 Rafaela Cinnamon
MATE		 2015-06-30 30 June 2015


KDE
Xfce		 2015-08-07 7 August 2015


rowspan=2 17.3 Rosa Cinnamon
MATE		 4 December 2015
KDE
Xfce		 9 January 2016
rowspan=3 18 Sarah Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) Cinnamon
MATE		 30 June 2016 Yes April 2021
KDE 9 September 2016
Xfce 2 August 2016
rowspan="2" 18.1 Serena Cinnamon
MATE		 16 December 2016
KDE
Xfce		 27 January 2017
rowspan="1" 18.2 Sonya Cinnamon
MATE
KDE
Xfce		 2 July 2017
rowspan="2" 18.3 Sylvia Cinnamon
MATE		 27 November 2017
KDE
Xfce		 15 December 2017
19 Tara[46] Cinnamon
MATE
Xfce		 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)
Supports both amd64 and i386		 Cinnamon
MATE
Xfce		 29 June 2018 Yes April 2023
19.1 Tessa[47] 19 December 2018
19.2 Tina 2 August 2019
19.3 Tricia 18 December 2019
20 Ulyana[48] Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)
Supports only amd64 (64-bit)		 2020-06-27 27 June 2020 rowspan="4" style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|Yes April 2025 2025


20.1 Ulyssa[49] 8 January 2021
20.2 Uma[50] 8 July 2021
20.3 Una[51] 7 January 2022
21 Vanessa[52] Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
Supports only amd64 (64-bit)		 31 July 2022 Yes April 2027
21.1 Vera[53] 20 December 2022
21.2 Victoria[54] 16 July 2023
21.3 Virginia[55] 12 January 2024
22 Wilma[56] Yes
Version Codename Edition Codebase Compatible repository Desktop environment Release date LTS Support end
  1. ↑ MGSE: Mint GNOME 3 Shell Extensions (providing a desktop environment similar to GNOME 2)
Linux Mint Debian Edition release history

{{{2}}}

Version Codename ISO edition[lower-alpha 1] Debian base Desktop environment Release date Support end
1 N/A 201403 Jessie (Debian 8.0) Cinnamon
MATE
Supports both amd64 and i386 		2014-03-02 2 March 2014

[57]

2016-01-01 1 January 2016

[58]

rowspan=2 2 Betsy 201503 2015-04-10 10 April 2015

[59]

2019-01-01 1 January 2019

[60]

201701 2017-03-13 13 March 2017

[61]

3 Cindy 201808 Stretch (Debian 9.0)[62] Cinnamon
Supports both amd64 and i386 		2018-08-31 31 August 2018

[63]

2020-07-01 1 July 2020

[64]

4 Debbie N/A Buster (Debian 10.0)[65] 2020-03-20 20 March 2020

[66]

August 2022[67]
5 Elsie[51] N/A Bullseye (Debian 11.0) 20 March 2022[68] 1 July 2024[69]
6 Faye[70] N/A Bookworm (Debian 12.0) 27 September 2023[71] TBA
  1. ↑ ISO Edition: Versions before LMDE 4 included a datecode in the bootable ISO image's filename. LMDE 2 images were issued twice; the second issue included updates to LMDE 2 up to that point.

Features

Linux Mint primarily uses free and open-source software. Before version 18, some proprietary software, such as device drivers, Adobe Flash Player and codecs for MP3 and DVD-Video playback, were bundled with the OS.[72][73][74] Version 18 does not install proprietary software.[75] Starting with version 18.1, the installer provides an option to install third-party, proprietary software.[6]

Linux Mint comes bundled with a wide range of application software, including LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, HexChat, Pidgin, Transmission, and VLC media player. Additional programs can be downloaded using the package manager, adding a PPA, or adding a source to the sources file in the /etc/apt/ directory. Linux Mint allows networking ports to be closed using its firewall, with customized port selection available. The default Linux Mint desktop environments, Cinnamon and MATE, support many languages.[76][77] Linux Mint can also run many programs designed for Microsoft Windows (such as Microsoft Office), using the Wine compatibility layer.

Linux Mint is available with a number of desktop environments to choose from, including the default Cinnamon desktop, MATE and Xfce. Other desktop environments can be installed via APT, Synaptic, or via the custom Mint Software Manager.

Linux Mint implements Mandatory Access Control with AppArmor to enhance security by default, and restricts the default network-facing processes.

Linux Mint actively develops software for its operating system. Most of the development is done in Python and the source code is available on GitHub.[78]

Software by Linux Mint

The new interface for mintUpdate, Linux Mint's Update tool
The Linux Mint Software Manager allows users to view, install, and uninstall programs.

Cinnamon

The Cinnamon desktop environment is a fork of GNOME Shell with Mint Gnome Shell Extensions (MGSE) on top. It was released as an add-on for Linux Mint 12 and has been available as a default desktop environment since Linux Mint 13.[79]

MintTools

  • Software Manager (mintInstall): Designed to install software from the Ubuntu and Linux Mint software repositories, as well as Launchpad PPAs. Since Linux Mint 18.3, the Software Manager has also been able to install software from Flatpak remotes, and is configured with Flathub by default.[80] It features an interface heavily inspired by GNOME Software, and is built upon GTK3.[81]
  • Update Manager (mintUpdate): Designed to prevent inexperienced users from installing updates that are unnecessary or require a certain level of knowledge to configure properly. It assigns updates a safety level (from 1 to 5), based on the stability and necessity of the update. Updates can be set to notify users (as is normal), be listed but not notify, or be hidden by default. In addition to including updates specifically for the Linux Mint distribution, the development team tests all package-wide updates. In newer versions of the operating system, this safety level mechanism is largely deactivated in favour of system snapshots created by the Timeshift tool.
  • Main Menu (mintMenu): Created for the MATE desktop environment. It is a menu of options including filtering, installation, and removal of software, system and places links, favourites, session management, editable items, custom places and many configuration options.
  • Backup Tool (mintBackup): Enables the user to back up and restore data. Data can be backed up before a fresh install of a newer release, and then restored.
  • Upload Manager (mintUpload): Defines upload services for FTP, SFTP and SCP servers. Services are then available in the system tray and provide zones where they may be automatically uploaded to their corresponding destinations. As of Linux Mint 18.3, this software is no longer installed by default but is still available in the Linux Mint software repositories.[82]
  • Domain Blocker (mintNanny): A basic domain blocking parental control tool introduced with v6. Enables the user to manually add domains to be blocked system-wide. As of Linux Mint 18.3, this software is no longer installed by default but is still available in the Linux Mint software repositories.[82]
  • Desktop Settings (mintDesktop): A tool for configuration of the desktop.
  • Welcome Screen (mintWelcome): Introduced in Linux Mint 7, an application that starts on the first login of any new account. It provides links to the Linux Mint website, user guide, and community website.
  • USB Image Writer/USB Stick Formatter (mintStick): A tool for writing an image onto a USB drive or formatting a USB stick.
  • System Reports (mintReport): Introduced in Linux Mint 18.3, the purpose of System Reports is to allow the user to view and manage automatically generated application crash reports.

Installation

Linux Mint can be booted and run from a USB flash drive on any PC capable of booting from a USB drive, with the option of saving settings to the flash drive. A USB creator program is available to install on Ubuntu (but not LMDE) Live Linux Mint on a USB drive. Alternatively, the Linux Mint ISO can be burned to a DVD to boot from.

The Windows installer Mint4Win allows Linux Mint to be installed from within Microsoft Windows, much like the Wubi installer for Ubuntu. The operating system could then be removed, as with other Windows software, using the Windows Control Panel. This method requires no partitioning of the hard drive. It is only useful for Windows users, and is not meant for permanent installations because it incurs a slight performance loss. This installer was included on the Live DVD until Linux Mint 16 but removed in the Linux Mint 16 'Petra' release because the size of the Live DVD images would have exceeded what the software could reliably handle.

Installation supports a Logical Volume Manager (LVM) with automatic partitioning only, and disk encryption since Linux Mint 15. UTF-8, the default character encoding, supports a variety of non-Roman scripts.

Editions

Linux Mint has multiple editions based on Ubuntu, with various desktop environments available. It also has a Debian-based edition.

Ubuntu-based editions

As of Linux Mint 13, there are two main editions developed by the core development team and using Ubuntu as a base. One includes Linux Mint's own Cinnamon as the desktop environment while the other uses MATE. There is also a version with the Xfce desktop environment by default. Since the release of version 19 (Tara) in June 2018, the three editions are released simultaneously.[83]

Beginning with the release of Linux Mint 19, the KDE edition was officially discontinued; however, the KDE 17.x and 18.x releases were supported until 2019 and 2021, respectively.[80] Older releases, now also obsolete, included editions that featured the GNOME, LXDE, and Fluxbox desktop environments by default.

Cinnamon (Edge) Edition

In addition to its regular ISO images, Linux Mint sometimes provides an “edge” ISO image for its latest release. This image ships with newer components to be able to support the most modern hardware chipsets and devices. [84]

OEM version

Linux Mint 18 Cinnamon Edition's live CD boot menu

The distribution provided an OEM version for manufacturers to use;[85][86] however, this version was discontinued with the release of v18 Sarah in order to reduce the number of ISO images that needed to be maintained.[87] Manufacturers wanting to perform an OEM install can choose to do so in the live CD boot menu.

No Codecs version

The distribution provided a 'No Codecs', also called 'Light' version for magazines, companies, and distributors in the United States, Japan, and countries where the legislation allows patents to apply to software and distribution of restricted technologies may require the acquisition of third-party licences;[12][88][89] however, this version was discontinued with release of v18 Sarah. Users now have the option of whether or not to install multimedia codecs, now downloaded from the internet,[90] during the installation; additionally, multimedia codecs can also be installed via a link on the Mint Welcome Screen any time after installation.

LMDE

The Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) uses Debian Stable as the software source base rather than Ubuntu.[91] LMDE was originally based directly on Debian's Testing branch, but is designed to provide the same functionality and look and feel as the Ubuntu-based editions.[92] LMDE has its own package repositories.

LMDE claims certain advantages and disadvantages compared to 'Mint Main' (i.e., the Ubuntu-based editions):[93]

  • LMDE is faster and more responsive than Ubuntu-based editions.[94]
  • LMDE requires a deeper knowledge and experience with Linux and Debian package management.
  • Debian is less user-friendly and desktop-ready than Ubuntu, with some rough edges.
  • The Driver Manager application does not work under Debian.

LMDE 1

The original LMDE (now often referred to as LMDE 1) had a semi-rolling release development model, which periodically introduced 'Update Packs' (tested snapshots of Debian Testing).[92] Installing an Update Pack allowed the user to keep LMDE 1 current, without having to reinstall the system every six months as with Mint Main. As of May 17, 2015, it has an upgrade path to LMDE 2.[95]

LMDE 2

LMDE 2 'Betsy' running Cinnamon 2.8

LMDE 2 (a.k.a. Betsy) was released on April 10, 2015.[96] LMDE 2 is based on Debian Stable, but receives automatic updates to the latest versions of MintTools and the installed desktop environment before they are released into the Mint Main edition.[14][15] LMDE 2 is available with both the MATE and Cinnamon desktop environments.[92] Both image versions received an update in January 2017.[97] As of the start of 2019, this version is no longer supported.

LMDE 2 remains based on sysvinit but with a 'functional logind' from systemd.[98][99]

LMDE 3

LMDE 3 (a.k.a. Cindy) is 'very likely' to complete the switch to systemd from sysvinit.[98] It is based on Debian Stretch, and was released on August 31, 2018,[100] shipping as a single edition with Cinnamon.[80] As of July 1, 2020, this version is no longer supported.

LMDE 4

LMDE 4 (a.k.a. Debbie) is based on Debian Buster (version 10), and was released on March 20, 2020. This version ships as a single edition using Cinnamon.[101]

LMDE 5

LMDE 5 (a.k.a. Elsie) is based on Debian Bullseye (version 11), and was released on March 20, 2022. It ships with the Cinnamon desktop environment and supports both amd64 and i386 architectures.[102]

LMDE 6

Linux Mint Debian Edition 6 "Faye" enters public beta with Debian Bookworm base, Cinnamon 5.8, and enhanced features, but only for testing purposes.[103] LMDE 6 was released on 27 September 2023.[104]

Development

Individual users and companies using the operating system act as donors,[105] sponsors[106] and partners[107] of the distribution. Linux Mint relies on user feedback to make decisions and orient its development. The official blog often features discussions where users are asked to voice their opinion about the latest features or decisions implemented for upcoming releases. Ideas can be submitted, commented upon and rated by users via the Linux Mint Community Website.[108]

The community of Linux Mint users use Launchpad to participate in the translation of the operating system and in reporting bugs.[109]

Most development is done in Python and organized online using GitHub, making it easy for developers to provide patches, implement additional features, and also fork Linux Mint sub-projects (for example the Linux Mint menu was ported to Fedora). With each release, features are added that are developed by the community. In Linux Mint 9, for instance, the ability to edit menu items is a feature that was contributed by a Linux Mint user.[110]

Reception

In a 2012 online poll at Lifehacker, Linux Mint was voted the second best Linux distribution, after Ubuntu, with almost 16% of the votes.[111] In October 2012 (Issue 162), Linux Format named Linux Mint the best distro for 2012.[112] In July 2013 (Issue 128), Linux User & Developer gave Linux Mint 15 "Olivia" a score of 5/5, stating "We haven't found a single problem with the distro... we're more than satisfied with the smooth, user-friendly experience that Linux Mint 15, and Cinnamon 1.8, provides for it to be our main distro for at least another 6 months".[113]

In May 2013, David Hayward of TechRadar praised Linux Mint for focusing on desktop users.[114]

Reviews of Linux Mint 18 "Sarah" were somewhat mixed, with several that were quite favorable[115][116][117][118] and others critical of several specific new problems, with multiple reviews complaining about the lack of multimedia/codec support by default.[75][119] Multimedia codecs that had previously been included in the standard Mint distribution were no longer included in "Sarah", but could be loaded with a graphical application that one Ars Technica reviewer said should be obvious for new users.[116]

ZDNet Contributing Editor Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, reviewing Linux Mint 19 and LM 19.1 in the articles "The Linux Mint desktop continues to lead the rest" in July 2018[120] and "The better-than-ever Linux desktop" in December 2018,[121] noted Mint's quality, stability, security and user-friendliness compared to other popular distributions. ZDNet's review of Linux Mint 19.2 said: "After looking at many Linux desktops year in and out, Linux Mint is the best of the breed. It's easy to learn (even if you've never used Linux before), powerful, and with its traditional windows, icons, menus, and pointers (WIMP) interface, it's simple to use."[122]

Minimum hardware requirements

For Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 & Linux Mint 21.3, either Cinnamon, MATE, or XFCE edition:[123]

  • 2GB of RAM (4GB recommended)
  • 20GB of storage space (100GB recommended)
  • 1024×768 screen resolution
  • Either a DVD drive or a USB flash drive for the installation media (at least 2.5 GB/1.9 GB for LMDE [124][125][126])
  • Internet access is helpful

Versions prior to Linux Mint 20 allowed booting from either i386 (32 bit) or amd64 (64 bit) architectures.

Starting with Linux Mint 20 only the amd64 (64 bit) architecture will be supported.[127][128] This is because Canonical decided to drop 32-bit support from Ubuntu 20.04, which is the base from which Linux Mint 20 is derived.[129] LMDE still supports both the x86 i386 (32-bit) and amd64 (64-bit) architectures.

See also

  • List of Ubuntu-based Linux distributions

References

  1. ↑ "Teams". http://www.linuxmint.com/teams.php. 
  2. ↑ "Official Documentation". http://www.linuxmint.com/documentation.php. 
  3. ↑ "Downloads". http://www.linuxmint.com/download.php. 
  4. ↑ "FAQ". http://www.linuxmint.com/faq.php. 
  5. ↑ Khamlichi, M.el. "Linux Mint History and Development". http://www.unixmen.com/linux-mint-history-development/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Install Linux Mint". https://linuxmint-installation-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html. 
  7. ↑ "Download Linux Mint 21.1 - Linux Mint". https://linuxmint.com/download.php. 
  8. ↑ "Applets". https://cinnamon-spices.linuxmint.com/applets. 
  9. ↑ von Eitzen, Christopher (21 October 2013). "Q&A: Clement Lefèbvre: The man behind Linux Mint". http://www.networkworld.com/article/2170903/software/q-a--clement-lefebvre--the-man-behind-linux-mint.html. 
  10. ↑ "Linux Mint 1.0 beta "Ada" - Main Edition". https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=3. 
  11. ↑ "Happy birthday LinuxMint!". August 27, 2007. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=56. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "Linux Mint Releases". https://linuxmint.com/oldreleases.php. 
  13. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (May 27, 2015). "LMDE 1 will reach EOL on January 1st 2016". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2832. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Releases". Linux Mint. http://www.linuxmint.com/download_all.php. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lefèbvre, Clement (April 10, 2015). "LMDE 2 "Betsy" Cinnamon released!". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2808. 
  16. ↑ "Linux Mint hit by malware infection on its website, forum after hack attack". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/02/linux-mint-hit-by-malware-infection-on-its-website-and-forum-after-hack-attack/. 
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  25. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (June 30, 2015). "Linux Mint 17.2 "Rafaela" Cinnamon released!". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2863. 
  26. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (December 4, 2015). "Linux Mint 17.3 "Rosa" MATE released!". http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2946. 
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  36. ↑ "Linux Mint 20.2 "Uma" Cinnamon released! – The Linux Mint Blog". https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4102. 
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  42. ↑ The Linux Mint Blog » Blog Archive » Linux Mint 15 "Olivia" Xfce released! Written by Clem on 12 July 2013
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  49. ↑ "Linux Mint Monthly News – September 2020". https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3969. 
  50. ↑ "Linux Mint Monthly News – May 2021". https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4072. 
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  54. ↑ "Monthly News – January 2023 – The Linux Mint Blog" (in en-US). https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4470. 
  55. ↑ "Linux Mint 21.3 “Virginia” released! – The Linux Mint Blog" (in en-US). 2024-01-12. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4624. 
  56. ↑ "Monthly News – January 2024 – The Linux Mint Blog" (in en-US). 2024-01-31. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4639. 
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  58. ↑ Clem (27 May 2015). "LMDE 1 will reach EOL on January 1st 2016". Linux Mint. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2832. 
  59. ↑ Clem (10 April 2015). "LMDE 2 "Betsy" MATE released!". Linux Mint. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2809. 
  60. ↑ Clem (31 August 2018). "LMDE 3 "Cindy" Cinnamon released!, comment at 3:37 pm". Linux Mint. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3633#comment-145237. 
  61. ↑ Clem (13 March 2017). "New ISO images for LMDE 2 "Betsy"". Linux Mint. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3232. 
  62. ↑ "Release Notes for LMDE 3". Linux Mint. https://linuxmint.com/rel_cindy.php. 
  63. ↑ Clem (31 August 2018). "LMDE 3 "Cindy" Cinnamon released!". Linux Mint. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3633. 
  64. ↑ Clem (31 March 2020). "Monthly News – March 2020". Linux Mint. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3887. "LMDE 3 will reach EOL (End-Of-Life) on July 1st 2020." 
  65. ↑ "Linux Mint Releases". Linux Mint. https://linuxmint.com/download_all.php. 
  66. ↑ Clem (20 March 2020). "LMDE 4 "Debbie" released!". Linux Mint. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3867. 
  67. ↑ "Monthly News – March 2022". https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4293. 
  68. ↑ "LMDE 5 "Elsie" released! – The Linux Mint Blog" (in en-US). https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4287. 
  69. ↑ "Monthly News – September 2023 – The Linux Mint Blog" (in en-US). 2023-10-04. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4586. 
  70. ↑ "faye - Linux Mint". http://packages.linuxmint.com/list.php?release=faye. 
  71. ↑ "LMDE 6 “Faye” released! – The Linux Mint Blog" (in en-US). 2023-09-27. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4570. 
  72. ↑ "FAQ". https://linuxmint.com/faq.php. 
  73. ↑ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven (January 6, 2012). "Fedora, Mint, openSUSE, Ubuntu: Which Linux desktop is for you?". https://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222979/Fedora_Mint_openSUSE_Ubuntu_Which_Linux_desktop_is_for_you_?pageNumber=4. 
  74. ↑ "Linux Mint". http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=mint. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Dedoimedo (July 6, 2016). "Mint 18 - Forgetting Sarah Linux". http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/linux-mint-sarah.html. 
  76. ↑ "MATE Desktop Environment localization". https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/MATE/. 
  77. ↑ "Cinnamon 1.4 released". http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/?p=182. 
  78. ↑ "Linux Mint repository". https://www.github.com/linuxmint. 
  79. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (2012-01-02). "Introducing Cinnamon". http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=1910. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 "Monthly News – October 2017" (in en-US). https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3418. 
  81. ↑ "Monthly News – July 2017" (in en-US). https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3322. 
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 "New features in Linux Mint 18.3 Cinnamon". https://www.linuxmint.com/rel_sylvia_cinnamon_whatsnew.php. 
  83. ↑ "Linux Mint 19 "Tara" Xfce released! – The Linux Mint Blog". Blog.linuxmint.com. 2018-06-29. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3599. Retrieved 2022-03-15. 
  84. ↑ "Edge ISO Images". https://linuxmint-user-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/edge.html. 
  85. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (May 31, 2014). "Linux Mint 17 "Qiana" Cinnamon released!". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2626. "Manufacturers can pre-install Linux Mint on their computers using the OEM installation images." 
  86. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (May 31, 2014). "Linux Mint 17 "Qiana" MATE released!". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2627. "Manufacturers can pre-install Linux Mint on their computers using the OEM installation images." 
  87. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement. "Monthly News - April 2016" (in en-us). The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3026. 
  88. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (May 31, 2014). "Linux Mint 17 "Qiana" Cinnamon released!". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2626. "Distributors and magazines in Japan, USA, and countries where distributing media codecs is problematic can use the “No Codecs” ISO images." 
  89. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (May 31, 2014). "Linux Mint 17 "Qiana" MATE released!". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2627. "Distributors and magazines in Japan, USA and countries where distributing media codecs is problematic can use the “No Codecs” ISO images." 
  90. ↑ "Offline Installation - Linux Mint Forums". https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?p=1305720&sid=02fa43afcd6e844d190fa620e8cd0ab6#p1305720. 
  91. ↑ "LMDE Information". Linux Mint. http://www.linuxmint.com/download_lmde.php. 
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 Lefèbvre, Clement (March 2, 2014). "Linux Mint Debian 201403 released!". The Linux Mint Blog. http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2577. 
  93. ↑ "Download Linux Mint Debian". https://linuxmint.com/download_lmde.php. 
  94. ↑ Smith, Jesse (March 24, 2014). "Linux Mint Debian Edition 201403". http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140324#feature. 
  95. ↑ "Upgrade from LMDE 1 to LMDE 2". Linux Mint Community. http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/2013. 
  96. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (April 10, 2015). "LMDE 2 "Betsy" Cinnamon released!" (in en). http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2808. 
  97. ↑ "LMDE 2 "Betsy" image update". 13 March 2017. https://betanews.com/2017/03/13/stable-linux-mint-debian-betsy/. 
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 Lefèbvre, Clement (April 10, 2015). "LMDE 2 "Betsy" Cinnamon released!" (in en). http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2808#comment-116426. 
  99. ↑ Lefèbvre, Clement (May 7, 2015). "Monthly News – April 2015" (in en). http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2825#comment-117169. 
  100. ↑ "LMDE 3 "Cindy" Cinnamon released!" (in en-US). https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3633. 
  101. ↑ "LMDE 4 "Debbie" released!" (in en-US). https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3867. 
  102. ↑ "Monthly News – September 2021" (in en-US). https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4149. 
  103. ↑ "LMDE 6 “Faye” – BETA Release". September 13, 2023. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4562. 
  104. ↑ "LMDE 6 "Faye" released!". 2023-09-27. https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4570. 
  105. ↑ "Donations". https://www.linuxmint.com/donors.php. 
  106. ↑ "Sponsors". https://www.linuxmint.com/sponsors.php. 
  107. ↑ "Partners". https://linuxmint.com/partners.php. 
  108. ↑ "Idea module". 2010. http://community.linuxmint.com/idea. 
  109. ↑ "Linux Mint on Launchpad". 2010. https://launchpad.net/linuxmint. 
  110. ↑ "Example of a user-contributed feature". 2010. https://github.com/linuxmint/mintmenu/commit/5f419d81f72eda682a3f1591d56e432f7ba92939. 
  111. ↑ Noyes, Katherine. "Which Linux Distro Is Fairest of Them All? Ubuntu, Survey Says". PCWorld. https://www.pcworld.com/article/254516/which_linux_distro_is_fairest_of_them_all_ubuntu_survey_says.html. 
  112. ↑ "Best distro 2012". http://www.linuxformat.com/archives?issue=162. 
  113. ↑ Zwetsloot, Rob (July 2013). "The Ultimate Linux Mint". Linux User and Developer (Bournemouth, United Kingdom: Imagine Publishing) (128): pp. 20–23. http://www.linuxuser.co.uk/features/linux-mint-15-interview-html5-arch-and-the-mintbox. 
  114. ↑ Hayward, David (May 12, 2013). "How Mint became one of the most popular Linux distros". https://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/how-mighty-mint-became-one-of-the-most-popular-linux-distros-1146584. 
  115. ↑ Gayan (July 7, 2016). "Linux Mint 18 Cinnamon Review: They Did it Again!". http://www.hecticgeek.com/2016/07/linux-mint-18-review/. 
  116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 Gilbertson, Scott (August 4, 2016). "Mint 18 review: "Just works" Linux doesn't get any better than this". https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/08/mint-18-review-just-works-linux-doesnt-get-any-better-than-this/. 
  117. ↑ Hall, Christine (July 25, 2016). "Our First Look at Linux Mint 18 Cinnamon". http://fossforce.com/2016/07/first-look-linux-mint-18-cinnamon/. 
  118. ↑ Newell, Gary (July 17, 2016). "An Everyday Linux User Review Of Linux Mint 18 - Back To Its Very Best". http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2016/07/an-everyday-linux-user-review-of-linux.html. 
  119. ↑ DarkDuck (July 12, 2016). "Linux Mint 18 Cinnamon: pity, pity, pity". http://linuxblog.darkduck.com/2016/07/linux-mint-18-cinnamon-pity-pity-pity.html. 
  120. ↑ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (July 2, 2018). "The Linux Mint desktop continues to lead the rest". https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-linux-mint-desktop-continues-to-lead-the-rest/. 
  121. ↑ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (December 20, 2018). "Linux Mint 19.1: The better-than-ever Linux desktop". https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-mint-19-1-the-better-than-ever-linux-desktop/. 
  122. ↑ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (August 2, 2019). "New long-term support version of Linux Mint desktop released". https://www.zdnet.com/article/new-long-term-support-version-of-linux-mint-desktop-released/. 
  123. ↑ Release announcements for Linux Mint 21.1, Cinnamon , MATE , and XFCE
  124. ↑ "Linux Mint 21.1 "Vera" - Linux Mint". https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=302. 
  125. ↑ "Linux Mint 21.1 "Vera" - Linux Mint". https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=303. 
  126. ↑ "Linux Mint 21.1 "Vera" - Linux Mint". https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=304. 
  127. ↑ Michael Larabel (31 March 2020). "Linux Mint 20 Doing Away With 32-Bit Support". https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-Mint-No-More-32-Bit. 
  128. ↑ Joey Sneddon (3 July 2019). "Linux Mint Confirms It's Dropping 32-bit Releases". https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/07/linux-mint-drops-32-bit-iso. 
  129. ↑ Clem (2 July 2019). "Monthly News - June 2019". https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3766. 

Further reading

  • Arturo Fernandez Montoro (2012). Linux Mint System Administrator's Beginner's Guide. Packt Publishing. p. 146. ISBN 978-1849519601. 

External links



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