Software:Trisquel

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Trisquel GNU/Linux
Trisquel 11.0 desktop
DeveloperThe Trisquel Project[1] and Sognus, S.L.U.
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent[2]
Initial releaseJanuary 30, 2007; 18 years ago (2007-01-30)[3]
|Final release|Latest release}}11.0.1[4] / July 17, 2024; 17 months ago (2024-07-17)
Marketing targetHome users, small enterprises and educational centers[1]
Update methodLong-term support
Package managerAPT, Synaptic (GTK+ frontend), dpkg
Platformsamd64, i386, ARM, POWER9[5]
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux-libre[6])
UserlandGNU
Default user interface
Official websitetrisquel.info

Trisquel (full name Trisquel GNU/Linux) is a computer operating system, a Linux distribution, derived from another distribution, Ubuntu.[7] The project aims for a fully free software system without proprietary software or firmware and uses a version of Ubuntu's modified kernel, with the non-free code (binary blobs) removed.[8] Trisquel relies on user donations, as a non-profit group.[9] Its logo is a triskelion, a Celtic symbol.[10] Trisquel is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a distribution that contains only free software.[11]

Overview

Four basic versions are available.[12][13]

Trisquel

The standard Trisquel distribution includes the MATE desktop environment and graphical user interface (GUI), and English, Spanish and 48 other localizations, 50 in total, on a 2.9 GB live DVD image. Other translations can be downloaded if an internet connection is present during installation.[14]

Trisquel Mini

Trisquel Mini is an alternative to mainline Trisquel, designed to run well on netbooks and older hardware. It uses the low-resource environment LXDE and lightweight GTK+ and X Window System alternatives to GNOME and Qt-KDE applications.[15] The LXDE desktop only includes English and Spanish localizations, and can install from a 1.5 GB live DVD image.[16]

Triskel

Triskel is another alternative to mainline Trisquel using the KDE graphical interface, available as a 2.3 GB ISO DVD live image.[17]

Trisquel Sugar TOAST

Sugar is a free and open source desktop environment designed with the goal of being used by children for interactive learning. Sugar replaces the standard MATE desktop environment available with Trisquel.[18]

Trisquel NetInstall

NetInstall consists of a 25MB CD iso image with just the minimal amount of software to start the installation via a text based network installer and fetch the remaining packages over the Internet.[18]

Internationalization

The full installation includes 51 languages (Albanian, Arabic, Aranese, Asturian, Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Central Khmer, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Low German, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Occitan, Punjabi, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Thai, Turkish, Valencian and Vietnamese) pre-installed in a downloadable 1.2-gigabyte DVD image.[19]

Source code

Source code for the full Trisquel 11 installation is also available in a downloadable of about 8.8 or 9.4-gigabyte tar file.[20]

The source code can also be obtained with a torrent file.[21]

History

The project began in 2004 with sponsorship of the University of Vigo for Galician language support in education software and was officially presented in April 2005 with Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU Project, as a special guest.[22] According to project director Rubén Rodríguez, the support for Galician has created interest in South American and Mexican communities of emigrants from the Province of Ourense.[23]

By December 2008, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) had added Trisquel to its list of FSF-endorsed GNU/Linux distributions.[24]

Release history

{{{2}}}

Version Code name Release date Supported until Kernel Default Desktop environment Based on
1.0 Arianrhod 2007-01-30[3] N/A Linux 2.6.18.6 GNOME 2.14 Debian 4.0 (Etch)
2.0 LTS Robur 2008-07-24[25] 2014-03-02[26][27] Linux 2.6.24 GNOME 2.22 Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)
3.0 STS Dwyn 2009-09-08[28] 2011-05-11[26][29] Linux-libre 2.6.28 GNOME 2.26 Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)
3.5 STS Awen 2010-03-22[30] 2011-07-14[26][31] Linux-libre 2.6.31 GNOME 2.28 Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)
4.0 LTS Taranis 2010-09-18[32] 2015[33] Linux-libre 2.6.32 GNOME 2.30 Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)
4.5 STS Slaine 2011-03-24[34] 2012-09-15[26][35] Linux-libre 2.6.35 GNOME 2.32 Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)
5.0 STS Dagda 2011-09-17[36] 2014-03-02[26][27] Linux-libre 2.6.38 GNOME 2.32 Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)
5.5 STS Brigantia 2012-04-16[37] 2014-03-02[26][27] Linux-libre 3.0 GNOME 3.2 Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)
6.0 LTS Toutatis 2013-03-09[38] 2017[38] Linux-libre 3.2 GNOME 3.4 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)
7.0 LTS Belenos 2014-11-03[39] 2019[39] Linux-libre 3.13 GNOME 3.12 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
8.0 LTS Flidas[40] 2018-04-18 2021[41] Linux-libre 4.4 MATE 1.12 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
9.0 LTS Etiona[42] 2020-10-16[43] 2023-04[44] Linux-libre 4.15 MATE 1.20 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)
10.0 LTS Nabia[45] 2022-02-01[46] 2025-05[47] Linux-libre 5.4 MATE 1.24 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)
11.0 LTS Aramo[48] 2023-03-19[49] 2027[49] Linux-libre 5.15[50] MATE 1.26 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
12.0 LTS Ecne[51] N/A 2029-05[52][53] Linux-libre 6.8x[52] MATE Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat)[52]

The releases that use GNOME 3.x use GNOME Classic/Flashback, rather than the default GNOME Shell. Starting with version 6, Trisquel is based on the LTS Version of Ubuntu.[54]

The current version includes this common software pre-installed:[55][56]

Category Type Name Notes
Internet Web browser Abrowser Rebranded Firefox.* Never suggests non-free add-ons. No trademarked art or names. Privacy enhancing mods†
Internet Email, PIM IceDove Rebranded Thunderbird. Never suggests non-free add-ons. No trademarked art or names.
Internet Instant messenger Pidgin End-to-end encrypted, multi-protocol incl. IRC, XMPP
Internet Cryptocurrency wallet Electrum for Bitcoin, Lightning Network
Internet Videoconferencing Jami Also VOIP
Internet News aggregator Liferea News feeds & podcasts via RSS/RDF & Atom
Office Word processor LibreOffice Writer Also desktop publishing
Office Spreadsheet LibreOffice Calc
Office Presentation LibreOffice Impress
Office Vector graphics editor LibreOffice Draw
Graphics Raster graphics editor GIMP
Sound & Video Disc-burning Brasero
Sound & Video Webcam Cheese
Sound & Video Music / audio player Rhythmbox Rips CDs, syncs w/ digital music players, etc
Sound & Video Video player VLC Plays QuickTime, DVD, Blu-ray, etc. Also plays audio formats.

*Rebranded because the Mozilla Trademark Policy forbids modifications that include their trademark without consent.[57]
†Such as never starting network connections on its own.[58]

Also includes pre-installed software for remote desktop operations, photo/image viewing, document and photo input via scanner, games (such as solitaire, Minesweeper, chess, Mahjongg, and Sudoku), and for adding and removing more software[59] (both Synaptic[60] and a more simplified front-end called "Add/Remove Applications" offering a curated list of the most popular apps[61]), etc. etc.

Prior editions:

Trisquel LTSP classroom server, managed via iTALC.
  • Trisquel Pro was business-oriented and small. It was part of the Trisquel 2.0 LTS Robur (2008), but no other release followed.[63]
  • Trisquel Edu was education-oriented, for schools and universities. Like Trisquel Pro, no other release followed Trisquel 2.0 Robur (2008).[64]
  • Trisquel on Sugar was education-oriented, based on the Sugar desktop environment for interactive learning for children. It was released at the same time as Trisquel 7.
  • Trisquel Gamer was an independent edition maintained by David Zaragoza. It included 55 free software games and could boot from a live DVD or USB drive. It was released with Trisquel 3.5 (2010), which is no longer supported.[65]

Reception

Trisquel 6 Desktop running GNOME Fallback Mode

Jesse Smith of DistroWatch reviewed the 4.0 release, Taranis, and described it as refined and dependable. He portrayed difficulty with removing software as his main problem with the release. He complimented it as an operating system that showcased utility instead of mere compliance with free software criteria.[7]

Jim Lynch of Desktop Linux Reviews reviewed the 5.5 release, Brigantia, and described it as "well-ordered and well developed" and recommended it to users whether they care about only using free software or not. Lynch stated that the release was suitable for beginners and advanced users.[66]

Chris Fisher and Matt Hartley of The Linux Action Show! praised the design, ease of use, and hardware support of Trisquel 5.5 and Trisquel 5.5 Mini, but found that the Linux-libre kernel found in Trisquel impedes functionality of proprietary wireless devices. They argued that the distribution was targeting power users and that new users should use a different distribution.[67]

Jesse Smith also reviewed Trisquel 7.0 in 2014, writing "Whenever I boot up Trisquel I find myself wondering whether the free software only distribution will be able to hold its own when it comes to hardware drivers, multimedia support and productivity software. The answer I came to when running Trisquel 7.0 is that, yes, the distribution appears to be nearly as capable as operating systems that do not stick to the FSF's definition of free software. Some people who use hardware that requires binary blobs or non-free drivers may face problems and Flash support isn't perfect when using the free Gnash player, but otherwise Trisquel appears to be every bit as functional as other mainstream Linux distributions. The software Trisquel ships with appears to be stable, functional and user friendly. The distribution is easy to install, I found it pleasant to use and I didn't encounter any problems. People who value or wish to promote free software should definitely try running Trisquel, it's an excellent example of what can be accomplished with free software."[68]

Jack M. Germain of Tech News World said of the 9.0, release, Etiona: "Trisquel Linux is one of those computing staples you wished you knew about much sooner. This Linux distribution has been around literally for years and is extremely polished." and "Trisquel offers a family of Linux editions that meet or exceed the needs of home users, small enterprises, and educational centers. Trisquel can also be an ideal platform for multimedia workstations."[12]

Smith then reviewed the 11.0 release, Aramo, in 2023, opining: "Trisquel is doing a great job presenting the world with what can be achieved by using free software only. However, using it also reminds me of the (sometimes harsh) limitations a free software only system imposes. ... This is, of course, the point of Trisquel, being a beacon of free-only software. People who download Trisquel probably are not interested in non-free components (software or hardware). This distribution offers a narrower path to walk, but it is a very smooth, pretty path."[59]

Also reviewing Aramo, Jack Wallen of ZDNet complained of glitches during installation and criticized the use of an older kernel and a "boring" user interface, but concluded: "[i]f you want a rock-solid desktop distribution, and don't mind using UI that looks and feels like Windows from a bygone era, give Trisquel a try. If you want a reliable desktop with a more flexible (but still out-of-date) desktop, check out Triskel. Either way, they both offer Debian-like stability, with the additional option of a netinstall to land you with a server operating system that includes a similar reliability."[13]

Richard Stallman has mentioned that he is using Trisquel on a Thinkpad X200 with Libreboot as of 2022, and has previously used the Lemote Yeeloong.[69]

Hardware

IA-32 and x86-64 CPU architectures were supported since Trisquel 5.5, which includes free software compatible chipsets.[70] However, IA-32 support was dropped with the release of Trisquel 10.[71] Support for 32-bit ARM processors with a floating point unit (armhf) was added in the same release. 64-bit ARM and POWER support was added in Trisquel 11.0.[72]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". trisquel.info. https://trisquel.info/. 
  2. ↑ "Download - Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". trisquel.info. https://trisquel.info/en/download. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Trisquel Project (30 January 2007). "Publicación de Trisguel 1.0". trisquel.uvigo.es. http://trisquel.uvigo.es/gl/node/289. 
  4. ↑ "Download | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". https://trisquel.info/en/download. 
  5. ↑ "Trisquel 11.0 "Aramo" release announcement | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-110-aramo-release-announcement. 
  6. ↑ "Documentation | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/documentation. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Smith, Jesse (October 4, 2010). "Trisquel GNU/Linux - a free distribution". DistroWatch. http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20101004#feature. 
  8. ↑ "How Trisquel is Made". Trisquel.info. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/how-trisquel-made. 
  9. ↑ "Siete factores antes de usar 'software'" (in es). El Comercio. April 14, 2012. http://www.elcomercio.com/tecnologia/factores-usar-software_0_682131910.html. 
  10. ↑ "How is "Trisquel" pronounced?". The Trisquel Project. http://trisquel.info/en/how-trisquel-pronounced. 
  11. ↑ "List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions". https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Trisquel Linux Wraps Polish and Productivity Into Four User Needs". ECT News Network. 9 March 2021. https://www.technewsworld.com/story/trisquel-linux-wraps-polish-and-productivity-into-four-user-needs-87046.html?cat_id=88. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Trisquel Linux handles both your desktop and server needs - or does it?". 26 March 2025. https://www.zdnet.com/article/handles-both-your-desktop-and-server-needs-or-does-it/. 
  14. ↑ "Download Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". https://trisquel.info/en/download. 
  15. ↑ "Trisquel Mini". The Trisquel Project. http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-mini. 
  16. ↑ https://trisquel.info/en/download
  17. ↑ https://trisquel.info/en/downloads
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Editions | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/editions-0. 
  19. ↑ "Which languages is Trisquel available in? | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". https://trisquel.info/en/which-languages-trisquel-available. 
  20. ↑ "trisquel_11.0_sources.tar". 11 December 2023. https://cdimage.trisquel.info/trisquel-images/trisquel_11.0_sources.tar. 
  21. ↑ "trisquel_11.0_sources.tar.torrent". 11 December 2023. https://cdimage.trisquel.info/trisquel-images/trisquel_11.0_sources.tar.torrent. 
  22. ↑ "Richard Stallman, defensor del software libre, sorprendió a los universitarios" (in es). La Voz de Galicia. April 28, 2005. http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/hemeroteca/2005/04/28/3679855.shtml. 
  23. ↑ García, Ana (May 17, 2007). "Software libre da terra, compartindo cultura" (in gl). El Progreso. http://elprogreso.galiciae.com/noticia/14711/software-libre-da-terra-compartindo-cultura. 
  24. ↑ "Free GNU/Linux distributions". Free Software Foundation. https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html. 
  25. ↑ "Proxecto Trisquel" (in gl). July 24, 2008. http://trisquel.uvigo.es/. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 "Index of /trisquel/dists". http://oldarchive.trisquel.info/trisquel/dists/. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 "[Trisquel-announce [Trisquel-devel] Robur, Dagda and Brigantia moved to oldarchive"]. March 2, 2014. http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-announce/2014-March/000016.html. 
  28. ↑ "Trisquel 3.0 STS "Dwyn" has landed!". The Trisquel Project. September 8, 2009. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-3.0-sts-dwyn-ready. 
  29. ↑ "[Trisquel-announce Trisquel 3.0 STS Dwyn reaches end of life, 3.5 soon to follow"]. May 11, 2011. http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-announce/2011-May/000007.html. 
  30. ↑ "Trisquel 3.5 Awen release announcement". The Trisquel Project. March 22, 2010. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-35-awen-release-announcement. 
  31. ↑ "[Trisquel-devel Trisquel 5.0 development repository up, 3.5 reaches end of life"]. July 15, 2011. http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-devel/2011-July/000492.html. 
  32. ↑ "Trisquel 4.0 LTS "Taranis" strikes!". The Trisquel Project. September 18, 2010. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-40-lts-taranis-strikes. 
  33. ↑ "Versions". https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/versions. 
  34. ↑ "Trisquel 4.5 "Slaine" released". The Trisquel Project. March 24, 2011. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-45-slaine-released. 
  35. ↑ "[Trisquel-announce Trisquel 4.5 Slaine reached end of life"]. September 15, 2012. http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-announce/2012-September/000013.html. 
  36. ↑ "Trisquel 5.0 Release announcement". The Trisquel Project. September 17, 2011. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-50-release-announcement. 
  37. ↑ "Trisquel 5.5 STS Brigantia release announcement". The Trisquel Project. April 16, 2012. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-55-sts-brigantia-release-announcement. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Trisquel 6.0 LTS "Toutatis" has arrived!". The Trisquel Project. March 9, 2013. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-60-lts-toutatis-has-arrived. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Trisquel 7.0 LTS Belenos". The Trisquel Project. November 3, 2014. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-70-lts-belenos. 
  40. ↑ "Update config file for next Trisquel release". Trisquel at Gitlab. February 22, 2016. https://devel.trisquel.info/trisquel/package-helpers/commit/597aa87a0ca4fb4f1ee72e63fd00c12a96fe03f6. 
  41. ↑ "Trisquel 8.0 LTS Flidas". 2018-04-18. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-80-lts-flidas. 
  42. ↑ "Trisquel 9.0 development plans". April 18, 2018. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-90-development-plans. 
  43. ↑ "Release announcement: Trisquel 9.0.1 Etiona security update | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!". https://trisquel.info/en/release-announcement-trisquel-901-etiona-security-update. 
  44. ↑ "Release announcement: Trisquel 9.0.1 Etiona security update". 2023-09-15. https://trisquel.info/en/release-announcement-trisquel-901-etiona-security-update. 
  45. ↑ "Trisquel 10 name". 4 December 2020. https://trisquel.info/en/forum/trisquel-10-name#comment-154173. 
  46. ↑ "Trisquel 10.0 Nabia release announcement". 1 February 2022. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-10-nabia-release-announcement. 
  47. ↑ "Nabia". 4 March 2025. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/nabia. 
  48. ↑ "Trisquel 11 Needs A Name". 1 February 2022. https://trisquel.info/en/forum/trisquel-11-needs-name#comment-165623. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Trisquel 11.0 Aramo release announcement". 19 March 2023. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-110-aramo-release-announcement. 
  50. ↑ Trisquel. "Aramo". trisquel.info. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/aramo. 
  51. ↑ "Trisquel 12 Needs A Name pt. 2". 28 February 2024. https://trisquel.info/en/forum/trisquel-12-needs-name-pt2#comment-175659. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 "ecne". 3 March 2025. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/ecne. 
  53. ↑ "Versions". 3 June 2025. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/versions. 
  54. ↑ "2013-03-05 Meeting". Trisquel. March 5, 2013. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/2013-03-05-meeting. 
  55. ↑ "Aramo". 16 March 2025. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/aramo. 
  56. ↑ "About Trisquel: Applications". 28 December 2024. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel. 
  57. ↑ "Mozilla Trademark Policy". Mozilla. October 30, 2009. https://www.mozilla.org/foundation/trademarks/policy.html. 
  58. ↑ "Trisquel 8.0 LTS Flidas". Trisquel. April 4, 2018. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-80-lts-flidas. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "Review: Trisquel GNU/Linux 11.0". 17 April 2023. https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20230417#trisquel. 
  60. ↑ "Using "Synaptic Package Manager"". https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/installing-updating-and-removing-software#toc6. 
  61. ↑ "Using "Add/Remove Applications"". https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/installing-updating-and-removing-software#toc3. 
  62. ↑ Baader, Hans-Joachim (September 20, 2011). "Trisquel 5.0 veröffentlicht" (in de). Pro-Linux. http://www.pro-linux.de/news/1/17514/trisquel-50-veroeffentlicht.html. 
  63. ↑ "Trisquel Pro". The Trisquel Project. https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-pro. 
  64. ↑ "Trisquel Edu". The Trisquel Project. http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-edu-0. 
  65. ↑ Zaragoza, David. "Trisquel Gamer". The Trisquel Project. http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-gamer. 
  66. ↑ Lynch, Jim (April 24, 2012). "Trisquel 5.5". Desktop Linux Reviews. http://desktoplinuxreviews.com/2012/04/24/trisquel-5-5/all/1/. 
  67. ↑ Fisher, Chris; Hartley, Matt (September 2, 2012). "Trisquel GNU/Linux Review - LAS - s23e05". Jupiter Broadcasting. http://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/23996/trisquel-gnulinux-review-las-s23e05/. 
  68. ↑ "DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD.". https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20141201#trisquel. 
  69. ↑ Stallman, Richard. "Richard Stallman's personal site - How I do my computing". https://www.stallman.org/stallman-computing.html. 
  70. ↑ "ThinkPenguin". trisquel.info. http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/thinkpenguin. 
  71. ↑ "Trisquel 10.0 Nabia release announcement". trisquel.info. https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-10-nabia-release-announcement. 
  72. ↑ "Trisquel 11.0 "Aramo" release announcement". https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-110-aramo-release-announcement. 



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