Software:SimAnt

From HandWiki

SimAnt: The Electronic Ant Colony is a 1991 life simulation video game by Maxis and the company's third product, focusing on the lifecycle of ants. It was designed by Will Wright. In 1992, it was named "Best Simulation Game" at the Software Publishers Association's Codie awards.[1] SimAnt was re-released in 1993 as part of the SimClassics Volume 1 compilation alongside SimCity Classic and SimLife for MS-DOS, Mac and Amiga.[2] In 1996, SimAnt, alongside several of Maxis' simulation games were re-released under the Maxis Collector Series with greater compatibility with Windows 95 and differing box art, including the addition of Classics beneath the title.[3]

Gameplay

The game is a simulation of an ant colony. Wright was inspired by E. O. Wilson's study of ant colonies.[4][5] The game consists of three modes: a Quick Game, a Full Game, and an Experimental Game. It was released for MS-DOS, Amiga, Mac, and Super NES. The Super NES version adds eight scenarios, where the goal in each is to eliminate the enemy red ants in various locales, each with different hazards.

In SimAnt, the player plays the role of an ant in a colony of black ants in the back yard of a suburban home. The ant colony must battle against enemy red ants. The ultimate goal is to spread throughout the garden, into the house, and finally to drive out the red ants and human owners. In this respect, SimAnt differed from other 'Sim' games that were open-ended and had no victory conditions.

Yard view with surface view underneath, Windows 3.x version

In the Quick Game, the player establishes a black ant colony in a small patch of yard, shown in top-down perspective. The computer opponent establishes a competing red ant colony in the same patch. Underground ant colonies are depicted in a side view. The player has direct control of a single ant at a time, indicated by a yellow color, and may switch control to a different ant at any time by either double-clicking the desired ant or choosing Exchange from the Yellow Ant menu and clicking on it.

The player's yellow ant may influence the behavior of other black ants by leaving pheromone trails to destinations such as food and enemy ant colonies and can control the other ants in a limited way, by ordering a certain number to follow it, for instance. The yellow ant can also dig new tunnels underground and expand the network of the black colony. The quick game is won or lost when either the red or black colony in said patch is defeated.

The player's yellow ant may pick up food and pebbles, engage in trophallaxis by receiving regurgitated food from friendly ants, and attack enemy ants. Groups of ants, or the yellow ant with her recruits, may attack and kill bigger enemies like spiders, caterpillars, and antlions. Natural hazards include human footsteps, electrical outlets, bug spray, spiders, antlions, lawnmowers, and rain, which washes away pheromone trails and can flood the bottom of ant nests.

In the Full Game, the player begins with an ant colony in an overhead view, much like the Quick Game. The region of this overhead view is a single square of a map containing a yard and house. The player spreads to other areas by producing young queens and drones to mate with each other. The full game is lost when the black colonies are eliminated and won when the red colonies are eliminated and the humans are driven out of the house.

The Experimental Game is similar to the Quick Game, except the player can control red ants and spiders and has access to a set of experimental tools. These tools allow the player to place pheromone trails, maze walls, rocks, ants, pesticides and food.

The boxed game comes with a thoroughly researched instruction manual, which covers game mechanics, and contains a large amount of information regarding ants and ant societies.

Development

We've been able to study social insects and really understand how that intelligence emerges from a collection of very simple little parts, to a degree that's far ahead of the understanding of the brain and its processes. That's, at the lowest level, what's always fascinated me about ants. Kids in particular, they see ants, and what ants do and how organized they are, and there's something almost magical about it. It surprised me that no one had ever done a game about ants, and I kept waiting and waiting, and they never did. So it felt like something that I had to do, because I wanted to play it.

Will Wright, February 2005[6]

SimAnt was developed by Maxis and designed and programmed by the company's co-founder Will Wright alongside his high school friend Justin McCormick. The two each did about half the code and design on the game.[7] Total production time was less than a year due to their round-the-clock effort. While Wright focused on the simulation core during the day, McCormick handled much of the front-end programming at night with the duo meeting twice daily.[8] This was Wright's third simulation title following 1989's SimCity and 1990's SimEarth. While SimEarth was a result of Wright's desire to create a simulation other than a direct sequel to the city-building of SimCity, he described SimAnt as a "slight overreaction" to the seriousness of SimEarth. "I wanted SimAnt to go in the opposite direction: something non-intimidating, something lighthearted, something fun, something where it was really clear what went wrong," he explained.[9]

Wright was intrigued by social insects and had been patiently waiting for the release of a computer simulation of an ant farm. When this never occurred he opted to create one himself.[6] Most of the games he worked on resulted from his academic interest in a field of study and simulation development was "almost an excuse to do years of research on a subject."[10][11] SimAnt was largely based on the research of Harvard University biologist E. O. Wilson, specifically his 1990 zoology textbook The Ants. Written with colleague Bert Hölldobler, the book details the behavior of ants and the intricacies of their colonies.[12][13][14][15][16] Wright considered Wilson to be "kind of the myrmecologist" or "the premier myrmecologist" and referencing his work was paramount to building a model for the game.[9][17] He was particularly interested in Wilson's explorations of emergence whereby individual ants performing basic tasks can collectively accomplish very complex goals.[17][18][19]

Using Wilson's scientific data, Wright said the game was designed with layers of complexity based on how ants function in the real world, making it a form of "self-directed learning."[20] Wright and McCormick attempted to contact Wilson during development to see if he would like to assist directly on the game. Their letter allegedly arrived at the same time Wilson received a Pulitzer Prize notice for The Ants.[13] Wilson commented that the game "captured the subtleties of life in an ant colony" and that he was charmed enough by its "sophistication and precision" that he would recommend it to entomology students.[8][21] After completing a year's worth of the work on the game, Wright lost his home in October 1991 during the Oakland firestorm. He had moved the game's source code from his house to his office just two weeks prior.[22]

Release

Maxis partnered with Broderbund[23] to first release SimAnt in North America in November 1991.[21] Versions were available for Mac, MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, and Amiga.[24] The Macintosh version could be played in monochrome or color.[25] Similarly, the Amiga conversion included both low and high resolution graphical settings.[26] Ocean Software distributed the game in Europe in 1992.[27] In Japan, Imagineer published SimAnt for Macintosh in November 1991. The company subsequently released conversions to FM Towns, PC-98, X68000, and Super Famicom in February 1993.[28] This last port, developed by Tomcat System, contains eight gameplay scenarios alongside the full game; has unique graphics and music; and is compatible with the Super NES Mouse.[29] It was localized by Maxis for the North American Super NES in November 1993.[30]

SimAnt saw several re-releases on PC. An enhanced CD-ROM version from November 1993 featured Super VGA graphic, digital sound, 20 minutes of full-motion video, and an avatar named SimAntha to entertain and guide the player.[31][32] The game was included on the SimClassics Volume 1 compilation in September 1994 alongside SimCity and SimLife.[33] Finally, SimAnt was sold individually as part of the Maxis Collector's Series in 1996.[34]

Reception

The game was reviewed in 1992 in Dragon #178 by Patricia Hartley and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars.[35] Computer Gaming World stated that "players seeking a non-linear, unconventional and provocative strategy simulation will hit paydirt with SimAnt. The game is easy to get into, stimulating, fun, and increasingly challenging ... students will love it".[36]

GamePro named it "Educational Game of the Year", commenting that "SimAnt is a delightful combination of simulation, strategy, and adventure."[37]

Legacy

Like its predecessor SimEarth, SimAnt achieved only middling sales.[38] It sold over 50,000 copies by February 1992.[21] According to one game box, using a statistic from the Software Publisher's Association, more than 100,000 copies of the PC version had sold by April 10, 1992. Designer Will Wright stated in 1994 that he considered the game his biggest disappointment up to that point in his career as he felt he failed to convey "how cool ants are."[39] In a 1996 postmortem, Wright considered SimAnt as effectively educational yet "too simple" and lacking the same level of creativity and personal imprinting of the original SimCity.[40] Though not as popular with the targeted adult demographic, the lower complexity of SimAnt ultimately connected best with children, specifically boys aged ten to thirteen years of age.[8][9][41] Misgauging a game's core audience was a lesson Wright learned from his experience with the game.[42][43] He said in 2003 that he would like to remake SimAnt with a more immersive, first-person perspective if given the opportunity.[44] The designer claimed to continue studying books about ants years after the game's completion.[45]

Wright has stated that working on SimAnt helped inspire him to create the hugely successful social simulation game The Sims, first released by Maxis in 2000. The use of ant pheromone trails in the former game was used as a model to drive the wants and needs of the human-like behavior of the Sims in the latter.[6][16][46]

The crowdfunded real-time strategy game Empires of the Undergrowth, released for early access on Steam in 2024, is considered a spiritual successor to SimAnt.[47][48]

See also

References

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "1992 Excellence in Software Awards Winners: Best Simulation Program". http://www.siia.net/codies/2006/history_1992.asp. 
  2. ↑ "SimClassics Volume 1 Compilation Advertisement". The One (emap Images) (70): 116. August 1994. https://archive.org/details/theone-magazine-70. 
  3. ↑ "Maxis SimAnt Store Webpage". http://www.maxis.com/games/simant/. 
  4. ↑ Baker, Chris (August 2012). "The Creator". Wired. 
  5. ↑ Seabrook, John (6 November 2006). "Game Master". The New Yorker (Condé Nast). http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/11/06/game-master. Retrieved 29 July 2014. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Phipps, Keith (February 2, 2005). "Will Wright". Paste Media Group. https://www.avclub.com/will-wright-1798208435. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  7. ↑ Farkus, Bart; Breen, Christopher (1996). "Maxis: Will Wright Interview". The Macintosh Bible Guide to Games. Peachpit. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-20-188381-7. https://archive.org/details/macintoshbiblegu0000fark/page/211/mode/1up. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Gingold, Chaim (June 4, 2024). Building SimCity: How to Put the World in a Machine. MIT Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-26-254748-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=PgnOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Rouse III, Richard (September 13, 2004). "Interview: Will Wright". Game Design: Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 419. ISBN 9781449633455. https://flylib.com/books/en/4.479.1.114/1/. 
  10. ↑ Juba, Joe (November 1, 2012). "Reflecting On Maxis: A Will Wright Interview". Game Informer (GameStop). https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2012/11/01/will-wright-interview.aspx. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  11. ↑ NPR staff (September 1, 2009). "E.O. Wilson And Will Wright: Ant Lovers Unite!". NPR. https://www.npr.org/2009/09/01/112203095/e-o-wilson-and-will-wright-ant-lovers-unite. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  12. ↑ Stanton, Richard (July 14, 2015). "Simpatico". A Brief History of Video Games. Running Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-76-245615-4. https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofvi0000stan_g2z1/page/132/mode/1up. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 O'Connor, Rory J. (April 22, 1991). "Maxis's Anticipated SimAnt an Anthem to Ants". The Washington Post (Nash Holdings). https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1991/04/22/maxiss-anticipated-simant-an-anthem-to-ants/9818189a-fa69-449b-99fe-9c81f6d21a19/. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  14. ↑ Oldenburg, Don (May 3, 1992). "Computers: Terminal Planet Eco-Games to Teach Kids Earth-Saving Values". The Washington Post (Nash Holdings). https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1992/05/04/computers/13c9eaad-7573-41ed-ac76-56d633ea04a7/. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  15. ↑ Seabrook, John (October 29, 2006). "Game Master". The New Yorker (Condé Nast). https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/11/06/game-master. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Donovan, Tristan (May 23, 2011). "The Replay Interviews: Will Wright". Informa. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/the-replay-interviews-will-wright. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Moggridge, Bill (October 1, 2007). "Will Wright". Designing Interactions. MIT Press. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-26-213474-3. https://archive.org/details/designinginterac00mogg/page/367/mode/1up. 
  18. ↑ Thompson, Clive (November 1, 2003). "The Sims: Suburban Rhapsody". Sussex Publishers. https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/articles/200311/the-sims-suburban-rhapsody. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  19. ↑ Burdick, Alan (August 1, 2006). "Discover Interview: Will Wright". Kalmbach Media. https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/discover-interview-will-wright. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  20. ↑ Ernsberger Jr, Richard (January 19, 1992). "War of the Electronic Ants". https://www.newsweek.com/war-electronic-ants-197690. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Murray, Laura A. (February 29, 1992). "E.O. Wilson Inspires SimAnt". Harvard University. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1992/2/29/eo-wilson-inspires-simant-pfor-students/. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  22. ↑ Taylor, Tracey (October 17, 2011). "Will Wright: Inspired to make The Sims after losing a home". Cityside. https://www.berkeleyside.org/2011/10/17/will-wright-inspired-to-make-the-sims-after-iosing-a-home. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  23. ↑ Worley, Joyce (February 1992). "Bits: Broderbund Plans Public Offering; Extends Maxis' Agreement". VideoGames & Computer Entertainment (Larry Flynt Publications) (37): 22. ISSN 1059-2938. https://archive.org/details/vgce_92-02/page/n21/mode/1up. 
  24. ↑ CGR staff (August 1991). "CGR Previews: SimAnt by Maxis". Computer Game Review (Sendai Publishing) (1): 32. ISSN 1060-4693. https://archive.org/details/computer-game-review-and-16-bit-entertainment-august-1991/page/32/mode/1up. 
  25. ↑ Shannon, L. R. (November 19, 1991). "Perpherals: A Chance to Be a Coach for a Day". https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/19/science/peripherals-a-chance-to-be-coach-for-a-day.html. Retrieved July 4, 2024. 
  26. ↑ Malcom, Tom (April 1992). "Cyberplay: SimAnt". .info (.info Publications) (49): 28. ISSN 0897-5868. https://archive.org/details/info-magazine-49/Info_Issue_49_1992_Apr/page/n27/mode/1up. 
  27. ↑ The One staff (March 1992). "News: Ant Attack". The One (EMAP) (42): 14. ISSN 0955-4084. https://archive.org/details/The_One_Issue_042/page/n13/mode/1up. 
  28. ↑ "サポート対応が終了した製品" (in ja). Imagineer. https://www.imagineer.co.jp/contact/over.php. Retrieved July 6, 2024. 
  29. ↑ Nintendo Power staff (November 1993). "SimAnt: The Electronic Ant Colony". Nintendo Power (Nintendo of America) (54): 26–9. ISSN 1041-9551. https://archive.org/details/Nintendo_Power_Issue001-Issue127/Nintendo%20Power%20Issue%20054%20November%201993/page/n25/mode/2up. 
  30. ↑ Gore, Chris (November 1993). "SNES: SimAnt". VideoGames (Larry Flynt Publications) (58): 65. ISSN 1059-2938. https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_The_Ultimate_Gaming_Magazine_Issue_58_November_1993/page/n64/mode/1up. 
  31. ↑ PC Player staff (December 1993). "News: SimAnt Enhanced". PC Player (Maverick Magazines) (1): 13. ISSN 1351-0851. https://archive.org/details/pc-player-uk-issue-01-1993/page/n12/mode/1up. 
  32. ↑ PC Zone staff (January 1995). "Bulletin: SimAnt CD-ROM". PC Zone (Future plc) (22): 18. ISSN 0967-8220. https://archive.org/details/PC_Zone_22_January_1995/page/n17/mode/1up. 
  33. ↑ The One staff (September 1994). "News: Sim Again". The One (EMAP) (72): 11. ISSN 0955-4084. https://archive.org/details/the-one-amiga-september-1994-optimized/page/n10/mode/1up. 
  34. ↑ Triverio, Jennifer (July 1996). "Best Buys: These red tags raise no red flags". Home PC (CMP Media Inc.) 3 (7): 51. ISSN 1073-1784. https://archive.org/details/home-pc-magazine-1996-07/page/51/mode/1up. 
  35. ↑ Lesser, Hartley; Lesser, Patricia; Lesser, Kirk (February 1992). "The Role of Computers". Dragon (178): 57–64. 
  36. ↑ Eden, Maxwell (March 1992). "The Game Is Afoot". Computer Gaming World (92): 44, 46. http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1992&pub=2&id=92. Retrieved 24 November 2013. 
  37. ↑ "Editor's Choice Awards". GamePro (IDG) (65): 27. February 1994. 
  38. ↑ Carpenter, Lincoln (June 14, 2024). "Maxis had canceled The Sims in the '90s, but it was saved by an unlikely hero: Electronic Arts". Future plc. https://www.pcgamer.com/games/the-sims/maxis-had-canceled-the-sims-in-the-90s-but-it-was-saved-by-an-unlikely-hero-electronic-arts/. Retrieved July 7, 2024. 
  39. ↑ Buchanan, Lee (September 1995). "Sim Column: The King of Sims". PC Gamer (Future plc) (16): 145. ISSN 1080-4471. https://archive.org/details/UneditedPCGamer_marktrade/PC_Gamer_016u/page/n146/mode/1up. 
  40. ↑ Hopkins, Don (April 21, 2018). "Will Wright on Designing User Interfaces to Simulation Games (1996) (2023 Video Update)". https://donhopkins.medium.com/designing-user-interfaces-to-simulation-games-bd7a9d81e62d. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  41. ↑ Smith, Graham (June 6, 2011). "Will Wright at BAFTA: the creator of The Sims on his influences and hints to his next game". Future plc. https://www.pcgamer.com/will-wright-at-bafta-the-creator-of-the-sims-on-his-influences-and-hints-to-his-next-game/. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  42. ↑ Yin-Poole, Wesley (June 6, 2011). "The Will Wright Stuff". Gamer Network. https://www.eurogamer.net/the-will-wright-stuff-interview. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  43. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (April 9, 2009). "Q&A: Will Wright on the rules of Stupid Fun Club". Fandom. https://www.gamespot.com/articles/qanda-will-wright-on-the-rules-of-stupid-fun-club/1100-6207620/. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  44. ↑ OPM staff (December 2003). "Spin: Simtastic". Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine (Ziff Davis) (75): 72. ISSN 1094-6683. https://archive.org/details/official-u.-s.-play-station-magazine-issue-75-december-2003/page/72/mode/1up. 
  45. ↑ Chat Moderator (November 30, 2000). "Will Wright on creating The Sims and SimCity". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/12/1/wright.chat/. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  46. ↑ Webb, Randy (November 8, 2010). "Will Wright explains what The Sims and an ant colony have in common". Yahoo! Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2010-11-08-will-wright-explains-what-the-sims-and-an-ant-colony-have-in-com.html. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  47. ↑ O’Neill, Meghan (February 28, 2018). "Is Empires of the Undergrowth a worthy successor to SimAnt?". Future plc. https://www.pcgamer.com/is-empires-of-the-undergrowth-a-worthy-successor-to-simant/. Retrieved June 30, 2024. 
  48. ↑ Evans-Thirlwell, Edwin (May 8, 2024). "Insect RTS Empires Of The Undergrowth leaves early access in June, adding savannahs, termites and stink ants". Gamer Network. https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/insect-rts-empires-of-the-undergrowth-leaves-early-access-in-june-adding-savannahs-termites-and-stink-ants. Retrieved June 29, 2024. 
  • MobyGames is a commercial database website that catalogs information on video games and the people and companies behind them via crowdsourcing. This includes over 300,000 games for hundreds of platforms.[1] Founded in 1999, ownership of the site has changed hands several times. It has been owned by Atari SA since 2022.

Features

Edits and submissions to the site (including screenshots, box art, developer information, game summaries, and more) go through a verification process of fact-checking by volunteer "approvers".[2] This lengthy approval process after submission can range from minutes to days or months.[3] The most commonly used sources are the video game's website, packaging, and credit screens. There is a published standard for game information and copy-editing.[4] A ranking system allows users to earn points for contributing accurate information.[5]

Registered users can rate and review games. Users can create private or public "have" and "want" lists, which can generate a list of games available for trade with other registered users. The site contains an integrated forum. Each listed game can have its own sub-forum.

History

Logo used until March 2014

MobyGames was founded on March 1, 1999, by Jim Leonard and Brian Hirt, and joined by David Berk 18 months later, the three of which had been friends since high school.[6][7] Leonard had the idea of sharing information about computer games with a larger audience. The database began with information about games for IBM PC compatibles, relying on the founders' personal collections. Eventually, the site was opened up to allow general users to contribute information.[5] In a 2003 interview, Berk emphasized MobyGames' dedication to taking video games more seriously than broader society and to preserving games for their important cultural influence.[5]

In mid-2010, MobyGames was purchased by GameFly for an undisclosed amount.[8] This was announced to the community post factum , and the site's interface was given an unpopular redesign.[7] A few major contributors left, refusing to do volunteer work for a commercial website.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025} On December 18, 2013, MobyGames was acquired by Jeremiah Freyholtz, owner of Blue Flame Labs (a San Francisco-based game and web development company) and VGBoxArt (a site for fan-made video game box art).[9] Blue Flame Labs reverted MobyGames' interface to its pre-overhaul look and feel,[10] and for the next eight years, the site was run by Freyholtz and Independent Games Festival organizer Simon Carless.[7]

On November 24, 2021, Atari SA announced a potential deal with Blue Flame Labs to purchase MobyGames for $1.5 million.[11] The purchase was completed on 8 March 2022, with Freyholtz remaining as general manager.[12][13][14] Over the next year, the financial boost given by Atari led to a rework of the site being built from scratch with a new backend codebase, as well as updates improving the mobile and desktop user interface.[1] This was accomplished by investing in full-time development of the site instead of its previously part-time development.[15]

In 2024, MobyGames began offering a paid "Pro" membership option for the site to generate additional revenue.[16] Previously, the site had generated income exclusively through banner ads and (from March 2014 onward) a small number of patrons via the Patreon website.[17]

See also

  • IGDB – game database used by Twitch for its search and discovery functions

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sheehan, Gavin (2023-02-22). "Atari Relaunches The Fully Rebuilt & Optimized MobyGames Website". https://bleedingcool.com/games/atari-relaunches-the-fully-rebuilt-optimized-mobygames-website/. 
  2. ↑ Litchfield, Ted (2021-11-26). "Zombie company Atari to devour MobyGames". https://www.pcgamer.com/zombie-company-atari-to-devour-mobygames/. 
  3. ↑ "MobyGames FAQ: Emails Answered § When will my submission be approved?". Blue Flame Labs. 30 March 2014. http://www.mobygames.com/info/faq7#g1. 
  4. ↑ "The MobyGames Standards and Practices". Blue Flame Labs. 6 January 2016. http://www.mobygames.com/info/standards. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Miller, Stanley A. (2003-04-22). "People's choice awards honor favorite Web sites". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 
  6. ↑ "20 Years of MobyGames" (in en). 2019-02-28. https://trixter.oldskool.org/2019/02/28/20-years-of-mobygames/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Plunkett, Luke (2022-03-10). "Atari Buys MobyGames For $1.5 Million". https://kotaku.com/mobygames-retro-credits-database-imdb-atari-freyholtz-b-1848638521. 
  8. ↑ "Report: MobyGames Acquired By GameFly Media". Gamasutra. 2011-02-07. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/report-mobygames-acquired-by-gamefly-media. 
  9. ↑ Corriea, Alexa Ray (December 31, 2013). "MobyGames purchased from GameFly, improvements planned". http://www.polygon.com/2013/12/31/5261414/mobygames-purchased-from-gamefly-improvements-planned. 
  10. ↑ Wawro, Alex (31 December 2013). "Game dev database MobyGames getting some TLC under new owner". Gamasutra. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/game-dev-database-mobygames-getting-some-tlc-under-new-owner. 
  11. ↑ "Atari invests in Anstream, may buy MobyGames". November 24, 2021. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-11-24-atari-invests-in-anstream-may-buy-mobygames. 
  12. ↑ Rousseau, Jeffrey (2022-03-09). "Atari purchases Moby Games". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/atari-purchases-moby-games. 
  13. ↑ "Atari Completes MobyGames Acquisition, Details Plans for the Site's Continued Support". March 8, 2022. https://www.atari.com/atari-completes-mobygames-acquisition-details-plans-for-the-sites-continued-support/. 
  14. ↑ "Atari has acquired game database MobyGames for $1.5 million" (in en-GB). 2022-03-09. https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/atari-has-acquired-game-database-mobygames-for-1-5-million/. 
  15. ↑ Stanton, Rich (2022-03-10). "Atari buys videogame database MobyGames for $1.5 million". https://www.pcgamer.com/atari-buys-videogame-database-mobygames-for-dollar15-million/. 
  16. ↑ Harris, John (2024-03-09). "MobyGames Offering “Pro” Membership". https://setsideb.com/mobygames-offering-pro-membership/. 
  17. ↑ "MobyGames on Patreon". http://www.patreon.com/mobygames. 
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