Biology:Haloarcula

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Short description: Genus of archaea

Haloarcula
Haloarcula quadrata.png
SEM image of Haloarcula quadrata.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Euryarchaeota
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class:
Halobacteria
Order:
Halobacteriales
Family:
Haloarculaceae
Genus:
Haloarcula

Torreblanca et al. 1986 emend. Oren et al. 2009[1]
Type species
Haloarcula vallismortis
(Gonzalez, Gutierrez & Ramirez 1979) Torreblanca et al. 1986
Species
  • "H. aidinensis"
  • "H. algeriensis"
  • H. amylolytica
  • H. argentinensis
  • H. hispanica
  • H. japonica
  • H. mannanilytica
  • H. marismortui
  • "H. morrhuae"
  • H. quadrata
  • "H. rubripromontorii"
  • H. salaria
  • H. salina
  • H. sebkhae
  • "H. siamensis"
  • "H. taiwanensis"
  • H. tradensis
  • H. vallismortis

Haloarcula (common abbreviation Har.) is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria.[2]

Cell Structure

Haloarcula species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Halobacteriaceae by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. H. quadrata has predominantly flat, square-shaped, somewhat pleomorphic cells.[3]

Metabolism

H. quadrata was first isolated when researchers were attempting to culture Haloquadratum walsbyi, a haloarchaeon that was thought to be unculturable until 2004. Similar to other halophilic archaea, Haloarcula species grow optimally at 40–45 °C. Growth appears in sheets of up to 65 cells often in the shape of a square or triangle.

Taxonomy

The genus of Haloarcula was long grouped with other halophilic archaea such as Halobacterium until genomic analysis prompted to reorder this genus in the new family of Haloarculaceae.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[4] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[1]

16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022[5][6][7] 53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[8][9][10]
Haloarcula
 
 

H. mannanilytica

 
 

H. sebkhae

 
 
 
 

H. tradensis Namwong et al. 2011

 
 
 
 

H. salaria Namwong et al. 2011

 
 
 
 

H. amylolytica

 
 

H. japonica

 
 
 
 

H. hispanica

 
 
 

H. argentinensis

 
 
 

H. marismortui

 
 
 

H. quadrata Oren et al. 1999

 
 

H. vallismortis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Halomicroarcula salinisoli

 
 
 

Halomicroarcula salina

 
 
 
 

Halomicroarcula amylolytica

 
 
 

Halomicroarcula limicola

 
 

Halomicroarcula nitratireducens

 
 
 
 
 

Halomicrobium katesii

 
 
 

Halomicrobium urmianus

 
 

Halapricum desulfuricans

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Halomicrobium

 
 
 

Halomicroarcula

 
 
Haloarcula
 

H. salina (Zhang & Cui 2015) Ma et al. 2023

 
 
 
 

"H. rubripromontorii" Sanchez-Nieves et al. 2016

 
 

"H. taiwanensis" Chen et al. 2018

 
 
 
 

H. vallismortis (Gonzalez, Gutierrez & Ramirez 1979) Torreblanca et al. 1986

 
 
 

H. mannanilytica Enomoto et al. 2020

 
 
 
 

H. amylolytica Yang et al. 2007

 
 

H. hispanica Juez et al. 1986

 
 
 
 

H. japonica Takashina et al. 1991

 
 
 

H. marismortui Elazari-Volcani 1940 ex Oren et al. 1990

 
 
 

H. argentinensis Ihara et al. 1997

 
 

H. sebkhae Barreteau et al. 2019

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ecology

Haloarcula species are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils. Like other members of the family Halobacteriaceae, Haloarcula requires at least 1.5 M NaCl for growth, but grow optimally in 2.0 to 4.5 M NaCl.[1]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sayers. "Haloarcula". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=2237&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock. Retrieved 2023-10-10. 
  2. ↑ Oren, Aharon (2014), Rosenberg, Eugene; DeLong, Edward F.; Lory, Stephen et al., eds., "The Family Halobacteriaceae" (in en), The Prokaryotes: Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and The Archaea (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer): pp. 41–121, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_313, ISBN 978-3-642-38954-2, Bibcode: 2014prok.book...41O, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_313, retrieved 2021-11-17 
  3. ↑ Oren, A.; Ventosa, A.; Gutierrez, M. C.; Kamekura, M. (1999). "Haloarcula quadrata sp. nov., a square, motile archaeon isolated from a brine pool in Sinai (Egypt)". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 49 (3): 1149–1155. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-3-1149. PMID 10425773. 
  4. ↑ J.P. Euzéby. "Haloarcula". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/haloarcula. Retrieved 2023-10-10. 
  5. ↑ "The LTP". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP. 
  6. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_06_2022.ntree. 
  7. ↑ "LTP_06_2022 Release Notes". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_06_2022_release_notes.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C. 
  9. ↑ "ar53_r214.sp_label". https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release214/214.0/auxillary_files/ar53_r214.sp_labels.tree. 
  10. ↑ "Taxon History". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/. 

Further reading

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q5643348 entry



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