Astronomy:1522 Kokkola

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1522 Kokkola
Discovery[1]
Discovered byL. Oterma
Discovery siteTurku Obs.
Discovery date18 November 1938
Designations
(1522) Kokkola
Named afterKokkola (Finnish town)[2]
1938 WO · 1949 WB
Minor planet categorymain-belt · Vestoid[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc77.72 yr (28,389 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.5398 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.1955 AU
2.3677 AU
Eccentricity0.0727
Orbital period3.64 yr (1,331 days)
Mean anomaly196.45°
Mean motion0° 16m 13.8s / day
Inclination5.3522°
Longitude of ascending node60.617°
30.542°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions8.65±0.57 km[4]
9.422±0.094 km[5]
9.57 km (derived)[3]
9.781±0.080 km[6]
Rotation period5.83 h[7]
Geometric albedo0.1924±0.0374[6]
0.20 (assumed)[3]
0.206±0.011[5]
0.252±0.025[4]
LS[8] · S[3]
B–V = 0.880[1]
U–B = 0.510[1]
Absolute magnitude (H)12.30±0.35[8] · 12.43[1][4] · 12.46[3][6][7]


1522 Kokkola, provisional designation 1938 WO, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 November 1938, by pioneering Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland.[9] It was later named for the town of Kokkola.[2]

Classification and orbit

The S-type asteroid and member of the Vesta family is also classified as LS-type, an intermediate to the L-types.[8] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.2–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,331 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] Due to a precovery taken at Turku, Kokkola's observation arc was extended by 3 weeks prior to its official discovery observation.[9]

Physical characteristics

In May 1984, American astronomer Richard Binzel obtained a rotational lightcurve of Kokkola from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.83 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.29 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[7]

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Kokkola measures 9.42 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.206 (revised albedo fits from 2014).[5][6][4] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 9.57 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.46.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named for Kokkola, a Finnish town and port on the Gulf of Bothnia.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3929).[10]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1522 Kokkola (1938 WO)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001522. Retrieved 5 June 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1522) Kokkola". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1522) Kokkola. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 121. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1523. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "LCDB Data for (1522) Kokkola". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1522%7CKokkola. Retrieved 3 January 2017. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C. et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 759 (1): 5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...759L...8M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M. Retrieved 3 January 2017. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M. Retrieved 3 January 2017. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus 72 (1): 135–208. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Bibcode: 1987Icar...72..135B. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1987Icar...72..135B. Retrieved 3 January 2017. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 3 January 2017. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "1522 Kokkola (1938 WO)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1522. Retrieved 3 January 2017. 
  10. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D.. "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7. 

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