Astronomy:3754 Kathleen
Discovery [1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | C. W. Tombaugh |
Discovery site | Lowell Obs. |
Discovery date | 16 March 1931 |
Designations | |
(3754) Kathleen | |
Named after | Kathleen Clifford [1] (Discoverer's granddaughter) |
1931 FM · 1925 BF 1929 WA1 · 1955 MR 1957 WH1 · 1959 CH1 1959 EC1 · 1963 WD 1977 KR · 1978 NM2 1982 DQ4 · 1985 UD4 1987 BK · A909 HE | |
Minor planet category | main-belt [1][2] · (outer) background [3] |
Orbital characteristics [2] | |
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 108.53 yr (39,639 d) |
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | 3.4993 AU |
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | 2.8168 AU |
3.1581 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.1081 |
Orbital period | 5.61 yr (2,050 d) |
Mean anomaly | 157.55° |
Mean motion | 0° 10m 32.16s / day |
Inclination | 8.4535° |
Longitude of ascending node | 110.50° |
55.593° | |
Physical characteristics | |
Mean diameter | 53.03 km (derived)[4] 53.23±1.8 km[5] 53.699±0.248 km[6] 54.283±1.200 km[7] 57.27±0.69 km[8] 58.64±20.04 km[9] 59.367±14.24 km[10] |
Rotation period | 11.16±0.01 h[11] 11.17±0.02 h[11] 11.18±0.01 h[12] 11.2±0.1 h[13] |
Geometric albedo | 0.0379±0.0217[10] 0.04±0.01[9] 0.0435 (derived)[4] 0.054±0.002[8] 0.0599±0.0072[7] 0.061±0.006[6] 0.0624±0.005[5] |
C (assumed)[4] | |
Absolute magnitude (H) | 10.00[5][7][8] 10.30[9] 10.40[2][4][10] |
3754 Kathleen, provisional designation 1931 FM, is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) in diameter. It was discovered at the Lowell Observatory near Flagstaff, Arizona, on 16 March 1931, by American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh, who named it after his granddaughter Kathleen Clifford.[1] The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 11.18 hours.[4] It is the second-highest numbered main-belt asteroid larger than 50 kilometers.[14]
Orbit and classification
Kathleen is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[3] It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,050 days; semi-major axis of 3.16 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The body's observation arc begins with its first observations as A909 HE at Heidelberg Observatory in April 1909, nearly 22 years prior to its official discovery observation at Flagstaff.[1]
Physical characteristics
Kathleen is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[4]
Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Kathleen have been obtained from photometric observations since March 2004.[11][12][13] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a rotation period of 11.18 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.13 and 0.20 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[4][12]
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Kathleen measures between 53.23 and 59.367 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0379 and 0.0624.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0435 and a diameter of 53.03 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.4.[4] Besides 3925 Tretʹyakov, it is the highest numbered main-belt asteroid larger than 50 kilometers in diameter, of which there are 642 bodies in total, according to the JPL SBDB.[14]
Naming
This minor planet was named after Kathleen Willoughby Clifford, granddaughter of the discoverer Clyde Tombaugh (1906–1997).[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 May 1991 (M.P.C. 18306).[15]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "3754 Kathleen (1931 FM)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3754.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3754 Kathleen (1931 FM)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003754.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Asteroid 3754 Kathleen – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=3754.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 "LCDB Data for (3754) Kathleen". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=3754%7CKathleen.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M. et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal 154 (4): 10. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..168M.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (3754) Kathleen". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#003754.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Mansego, Enrique Arce; Rodriguez, Pedro Brines; de Haro, Juan Lozano; Chiner, Onofre Rodrigo; Silva, Alvaro Fornas; Porta, David Herrero et al. (October 2016). "Eighteen Asteroids Lightcurves at Asteroides Observers (OBAS) – MPPD: 2016 March–May". The Minor Planet Bulletin 43 (4): 332–336. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2016MPBu...43..332M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016MPBu...43..332M. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Torno, Steven; Oliver, Robert Lemke; Ditteon, Richard (June 2008). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory – October 2007". The Minor Planet Bulletin 35 (2): 54–55. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2008MPBu...35...54T. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35...54T. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: diameter > 50 (km) and a < 4.6 (au)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=AND;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ap;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=50;c2_group=ORB;c2_item=Bh;c2_op=%3C;c2_value=4.6;table_format=HTML;max_rows=500;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcAiAp;c_sort=AcD;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1.
- ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html.
External links
- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)–(5000) – Minor Planet Center
- 3754 Kathleen at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 3754 Kathleen at the JPL Small-Body Database
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