Astronomy:3C 380

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3C 380
The quasar 3C 380.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationDraco
Right ascension 18h 29m 31.7809s
Declination+48° 44′ 46.161″
Redshift0.6920000
Helio radial velocity207,456 km/s
Distance6.074 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)16.81
Apparent magnitude (B)17.05
Characteristics
TypeOpt. var, Sy 1.5, LPQ
Other designations
CTA 79, NRAO 565, LEDA 2817708, QSO B1828+4842, 4C +48.46, S4 1828+487, WK 396, WMAP 46,

3C 380 is a radio-loud quasar located in the constellation of Draco.[1][2] First discovered in 1965 and identified with a starlike object,[3][4] it is one of the luminous and powerful radio sources in Third Cambridge Catalogue, with a redshift of (z) 0.692 and a compact steep spectrum (CSS) source.[5][6][7]

Description

3C 380 contains a complex radio structure. Radio images produced by the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at 5 GHz, showed the source is mainly extended, containing several components including a compact radio core and a ridge of extended radio emission.[8][9] In additional, the quasar also has a diffused halo with a spectral index of 1.0 ± 0.2 which represents a common feature of the radio lobes in Fanaroff-Riley class II quasars.[6] An extended radio lobe was also discovered in 3C 380, having a low spectral index when compared to those at decimeter wavelengths.[10] There are also two hotpots located in northwest direction.[11]

The radio jet of 3C 380 on parsec-scales is known to be bent. Based on VLBI observations, it is shown to be resolved when travelling in a transverse direction, however it also shows signs of rapid brightness variations unlike other nuclear jets indicating phase effects play a role in causing these changes. Apart from that, the jet shows superluminal motion[12] and a Faraday rotation gradient measuring 70-200 parsecs in width across it.[13] Radio imaging Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) also finds the jet is extending in a northwest direction.[14]

According to Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and VLBA, the jet has two knots. These knots are respectively named as knot 1, located 0.73 arcseconds from the core and knot 2 which is located 0.4 arcseconds away from the former. Together, these knots are found laid over lobelike emission which in turn, is stretched out in both east and northeast directions.[15]

Multifrequency polarization have also been found in 3C 380. Based on observations, both the core and jet contains polarization by 6 percent, while the other component has 16 percent polarization.[16] Enhanced flux density at 24 GHz from the object was also detected in September 2020.[17]

References

  1. ↑ Gulati, Sanna; Bhattacharya, Debbijoy; Sreekumar, P. (November 2024). "Constraining the Location of the γ-Ray Emission Region in Radio-loud AGN 3C 380" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 977 (1): 9. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad891e. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...977....9G. 
  2. ↑ Koyama, Shoko; Kino, Motoki; Nagai, Hiroshi; Hada, Kazuhiro; Kameno, Seiji; Kobayashi, Hideyuki (2013-04-25). "VLBI Imagings of a Kilo-Parsec Knot in 3C 380". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 65 (2): 29. doi:10.1093/pasj/65.2.29. ISSN 0004-6264. https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/65/2/29/1551196. 
  3. ↑ Sandage, Allan; Wyndham, John D. (January 1965). "On the Optical Identification of Eleven New Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources.". The Astrophysical Journal 141: 328. doi:10.1086/148125. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1965ApJ...141..328S. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1965ApJ...141..328S. 
  4. ↑ Burbidge, E. Margaret (1965-11-01). "Redshifts of the Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources 3c 334, 3c 345, 3c 380, and a Discussion of the Possible Redshift of 3c 446.". The Astrophysical Journal 142: 1674. doi:10.1086/148459. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1965ApJ...142.1674B. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1965ApJ...142.1674B. 
  5. ↑ Taylor, Gregory B. (1998-10-20). "Magnetic Fields in Quasar Cores". The Astrophysical Journal 506 (2): 637–646. doi:10.1086/306286. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1998ApJ...506..637T. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/306286/fulltext/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Wilkinson, P. N.; Akujor, Chidi E.; Cornwell, T. J.; Saikia, D. J. (1991-01-01). "3C 380 : a powerful radio source seen end-on ?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 248: 86–90. doi:10.1093/mnras/248.1.86. ISSN 0035-8711. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1991MNRAS.248...86W. 
  7. ↑ Kameno, Seiji; Inoue, Makoto; Fujisawa, Kenta; Shen, Zhi-Qiang; Wajima, Kiyoaki (2000-12-01). "First-Epoch VSOP Observation of 3C 380: Kinematics of the Parsec-Scale Jet". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 52 (6): 1045–L1053. doi:10.1093/pasj/52.6.1045. ISSN 0004-6264. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2000PASJ...52.1045K. 
  8. ↑ Pearson, T. J.; Readhead, A. C. S. (May 1988). "The milliarcsecond structure of a complete sample of radio sources. II - First-epoch maps at 5 GHz". The Astrophysical Journal 328: 114. doi:10.1086/166274. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1988ApJ...328..114P. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1988ApJ...328..114P/0000139.000.html. 
  9. ↑ Pearson, T. J.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Perley, R. A. (May 1985). "Compact radio sources in the 3C catalog". The Astronomical Journal 90: 738. doi:10.1086/113782. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1985AJ.....90..738P. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1985AJ.....90..738P/0000751.000.html. 
  10. ↑ Megn, A. V.; Rashkovskiĭ, S. L.; Shepelev, V. A.; Inyutin, G. A.; Brazhenko, A. I.; Bulatsen, V. G.; Vashchishin, R. V.; Koshevoĭ, V. V. et al. (2006-09-01). "Extended component in the quasar 3C 380". Astronomy Reports 50 (9): 692–698. doi:10.1134/S1063772906090022. ISSN 1063-7729. Bibcode: 2006ARep...50..692M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ARep...50..692M/abstract. 
  11. ↑ de Vries, W. H.; O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.; Sparks, W. B.; Biretta, J.; de Koff, S.; Golombek, D.; Lehnert, M. D. et al. (June 1997). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Compact Steep Spectrum Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 110 (2): 191–211. doi:10.1086/313001. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 1997ApJS..110..191D. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313001/fulltext/. 
  12. ↑ Polatidis, A. G.; Wilkinson, P. N. (1998-02-21). "Superluminal motion in the parsec-scale jet in 3C 380". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 294 (2): 327–337. doi:10.1111/j.1365-8711.1998.01246.x. ISSN 0035-8711. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/294/2/327/1101469. 
  13. ↑ Gabuzda, D. C.; Cantwell, T. M.; Cawthorne, T. V. (2014-02-01). "Magnetic field structure of the extended 3C 380 jet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 438 (1): L1–L5. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt129. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.438L...1G. 
  14. ↑ Zensus, J. A.; Ros, E.; Kellermann, K. I.; Cohen, M. H.; Vermeulen, R. C.; Kadler, M. (August 2002). "Sub-milliarcsecond Imaging of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Additional Sources". The Astronomical Journal 124 (2): 662–674. doi:10.1086/341585. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2002AJ....124..662Z. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/341585/fulltext/. 
  15. ↑ O'Dea, Christopher P.; de Vries, Willem; Biretta, John A.; Baum, Stefi A. (March 1999). "Hubble Space Telescope and VLA Observations of Two Optical Continuum Knots in the Jet of 3C 380". The Astronomical Journal 117 (3): 1143–1150. doi:10.1086/300758. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1999AJ....117.1143O. https://doi.org/10.1086/300758. 
  16. ↑ Ludke, E.; Garrington, S. T.; Spencer, R. E.; Akujor, C. E.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Sanghera, H. S.; Fanti, C. (1998-09-01). "MERLIN polarization observations of compact steep-spectrum sources at 5 GHz". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 299 (2): 467–478. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01843.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 1998MNRAS.299..467L. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1998MNRAS.299..467L. 
  17. ↑ Marchili, N.; Righini, S.; Giroletti, M.; Egron, E.; Perrodin, D.; Grandi, P.; Torresi, E. (2020-09-01). "Enhanced 24 GHz flux density from 3C 380". The Astronomer's Telegram 14012: 1. Bibcode: 2020ATel14012....1M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ATel14012....1M/abstract. 




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