Astronomy:986 Amelia

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986 Amelia
000986-asteroid shape model (986) Amelia.png
Modelled shape of Amelia from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Comas Solà
Discovery siteFabra Obs.
Discovery date19 October 1922
Designations
(986) Amelia
Named afterAmelia Solà
(discoverer's wife)[2]
A922 UA · 1922 MQ
1935 BK · 1966 VA
A915 JC
Minor planet categorymain-belt [1][3] · (outer)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc93.64 yr (34,203 d)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}3.7674 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.4961 AU
3.1317 AU
Eccentricity0.2030
Orbital period5.54 yr (2,024 d)
Mean anomaly210.80°
Mean motion0° 10m 40.08s / day
Inclination14.815°
Longitude of ascending node92.601°
265.52°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 48.677±0.159 km[6]
  • 50.94±1.2 km[7]
  • 52.30±0.78 km[8]
Rotation period9.52±0.01 h[9][lower-alpha 1]
Pole ecliptic latitude
Geometric albedo
  • 0.113±0.004[8]
  • 0.1183±0.006[7]
  • 0.218±0.024[6]
Absolute magnitude (H)9.4[1][3]


986 Amelia (prov. designation: A922 UA or 1922 MQ) is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 October 1922, by Spanish astronomer Josep Comas i Solà at the Fabra Observatory in Barcelona.[1] The L/D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.5 hours.[lower-alpha 1] It was named after the discoverer's wife, Amelia Solà.[2]

Orbit and classification

Amelia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,024 days; semi-major axis of 3.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]

On 12 May 2015, Amelia was first observed as A915 JC (1915 JC) at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The body's observation arc begins at the Algiers Observatory in May 1926, more than 3 years after to its official discovery observation at the Fabra Observatory.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Amelia Solà, wife of the discoverer Josep Comas i Solà (1868–1937). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 94).[2]

Physical characteristics

In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Amelia is a T-type asteroid,[11] while in the SDSS-based taxonomy, the asteroid has been classified as an L-type.[5][12]

Rotation period and poles

In October 2000, a rotational lightcurve of Amelia was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer Robert A. Koff at the Thornton Observatory (713) in Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 9.52±0.01 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.43±0.03 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[5][9][lower-alpha 1]

In December 2006, a concurring period determination of 9.517 hours (0.396533 days) was made by astronomers Raymond Poncy, Enric Forné, Hiromi Hamanowa, Hiroko Hamanowa and Hilari Pallarés ({{{1}}}).[13] In 2016, a modeled lightcurves using photometric data from various sources, rendered a concurring sidereal period of 9.51856±0.00005 h and two spin axes of (80.0°, 30.0°) and (282.0°, 30.0°) in ecliptic coordinates.[10]

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Amelia measures 48.677±0.159, 50.94±1.2 and 52.30±0.78 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.218±0.024, 0.1183±0.006 and 0.113±0.004, respectively.[6][7][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1183 and a diameter of 50.94 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.4.[14] An asteroid occultation, observed on 2 November 2006, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of 51.0 × 51.0 kilometers.[5] These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star. However the quality of the measurement is rated poorly.[5]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lightcurve plot of (986) Amelia by Robert A. Koff (Oct 2000). Rotation period 9.52 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.43 mag. LCDB quality code of 3. Summary figures and more information at Bob Koff's website and at the LCDB.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "986 Amelia (A922 UA)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=986. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(986) Amelia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 86. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_987. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 986 Amelia (A922 UA)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000986. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Asteroid 986 Amelia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=986. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 "Asteroid 986 Amelia". Small Bodies Data Ferret. https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=986+Amelia. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 5 February 2020. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U.  (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Koff, R. A. (December 2001). "Lightcurve Photometry of 611 Valeria and 986 Amelia". Minor Planet Bulletin 28 (1): 77–78. Bibcode: 2001MPBu...28...77K. http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_28-1.pdf. Retrieved 23 February 2020. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Hanuš, J.; Ďurech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M. et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics 586: 24. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2016A&A...586A.108H. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids". Icarus 172 (1): 179–220. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Bibcode: 2004Icar..172..179L. http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/yarko-site/tmp/eos/NEW/spectral_type_figure/s3os2.pdf. Retrieved 5 February 2020. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics 510: 12. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Bibcode: 2010A&A...510A..43C. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_I0035_5_SDSSTAX_V1_1/data/sdsstax_ast_table.tab. Retrieved 5 February 2020.  (PDS data set)
  13. ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (986) Amelia". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#000986. 
  14. ↑ "LCDB Data for (986) Amelia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=986. 

External links



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