Astronomy:B2 1144+35

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B2 1144+35
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SDSS image of B2 1144+35.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension 11h 47m 22.13s[1]
Declination+35° 01′ 07.52″[1]
Redshift0.062958[1]
Helio radial velocity18,874 km/s[1]
Distance880 Mly
Apparent magnitude (V)16.83
Apparent magnitude (B)17.89
Characteristics
TypeBLLAC? Sy2[1]
Size~340,000 ly (104.2 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
CGCG 186-048, 2MASX J11472209+3501071, PGC 36775, TXS 1144+352, RFC J1147+3501, VIPS 0477, VERA J1147+3501, 7C 1144+3517, SDSS J114722.14+350107.6[1]

B2 1144+35 commonly known as B2 1144+35B, is a radio galaxy located in the constellation of Ursa Major. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.062[1] and it was first discovered in 1978 as an astronomical radio source in the Green Bank Second survey by astronomers.[2] This galaxy contains a gigahertz peaked radio spectrum (GPS).[3] It has also been classified as a BL Lacertae object candidate.[4]

Description

B2 1144+35 is categorized as a giant low-power radio galaxy.[5][6] Its host has a faint magnitude of 15.7 and has a boxy shape appearance, suggesting a galaxy merger event.[7][8][9] It is also located inside a medium compact galaxy group and has a companion galaxy located 25 kiloparsecs to the west.[3] The stellar population of the galaxy is mainly made up old supergiant stars between 109-1010 years.[10]

The radio source of B2 1144+35 is large. When imaged in parsec-scales at 8.4 GHz frequencies by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the structure is found to made up of four main substructures including two compact components that have a separation gap of between 2-3 milliarcseconds. The north direction of both components also has radio emission described as faint and extended.[8]

Images made with the Very Large Array (VLA) showed the source is a double with a clearly resolved radio lobe component and a secondary component that is unresolved at. Further imaging has shown the eastern part has a radio lobe of Fanaroff Riley Class Type I morphology and a leading hotspot feature, while the southern part of the western part has a radio lobe, but with an elongated radio tail feature.[3] A short jet is found on both sides of the source.[11][12] Further observations noted the radio emission on megaparsec scales, and is suggested as a relic source between 50-90 million years old.[13]

A radio core has been detected in B2 1144+35, dominating the northwestern side of the source. When observed on arcsecond scales at both 1.4 and 5 GHz, this core is shown as variable, displaying a flux density increase by a factor of two. There are also smooth flux density variations after 1980, but decreases after the years between 1990 and 1992.[7] Observations made in 2007 found the core has superluminal motion, indicating the emergence of a new component.[11] In 2020, the nucleus of the galaxy was shown to change its position.[14]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "NED Search results for B2 1144+35". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=LEDA+36775&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  2. ↑ Machalski, J. (1978). "The Green Bank Second(GB2) Survey of extragalactic radio sources at 1400 MHz. The catalogue of sources." (in en). Acta Astronomica 28: 367–440. ISSN 0001-5237. Bibcode: 1978AcA....28..367M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978AcA....28..367M/abstract. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Schoenmakers, A. P.; de Bruyn, A. G.; Röttgering, H. J. A.; van der Laan, H. (January 1999). "The Mpc-scale radio source associated with the GPS galaxy B1144+352" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 341: 44–57. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1999A&A...341...44S. 
  4. ↑ Marcha, M. J. M.; Browne, I. W. A.; Impey, C. D.; Smith, P. S. (1996-07-11). "Optical spectroscopy and polarization of a new sample of optically bright flat radio spectrum sources". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 281 (2): 425–448. doi:10.1093/mnras/281.2.425. ISSN 0035-8711. https://watermark02.silverchair.com/281-2-425.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA1gwggNUBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNFMIIDQQIBADCCAzoGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMk6fhB2d_6eFAx7H5AgEQgIIDC83t4tjKZG4r92McNPbF3UtmRqrgXwb4nuFnq419ZmBo44cD3M7jJX93BddQ5LpqFOwPxrXvVQU_xhgZQrimHA2aa0RPXV20mhlBPpl6VGoJya8oiG1nkJfAp1tHBFPTmE22J6S_SyL2zXzPBwl16P7mPsXLFYYHrP3QkE2hK8-mSjOCkkC6pU7wI5-tkV0hvLSoUTtLKYjmgj8z8qGN2eZNoN_vTcj3GHZ24GNjw4kPBo7elZjbpTLIO5X0DYeQbSDEi7bPLo0_Kd_28PdAHpw8KDQZ9DExQBHTCACKkmrtwPkcep_b2JPx4qiug8xcoQTRsLfRa4LKdWpA63Rp2bPnvcEx5mlpeGe6v0cFv4EQhd8wL0LXtpRZ8wzUuJrU3QBrC3KwA5vR3Yfj0i1_vPiXl86qD5qO2jDc7xlieU-Am9VYABsJfz3mDaHt4llwiXeSV3rQmuAlisxsVDEbStHJWphxti-Y2-vGKaK9CGvEjWaXDmoGBktnWCNUe13WH10nuauX9_gynwDVNRCjq0vu8uzLzteGyD1RgsSo8t4zLBo-WI6lRmYRGHYUnkN3p85LgtlxHCEJajEkjLzLEAzzy9U8cac6lU6CkM-vipM7lI4x5Wegb-9J38azyR5j9SvIdd20MnLWJ7WigTM1vcdEVhuRmXBxd-46fHSLmuIRdJgHaCITa17ZzlBSVwgqcZ5P8FQVN1-e0L7d4GScPohGzs09SlccK9s3XjOs8QqskoNKykZyROY0-4l5QRoIT7NDHui2sFt8K8B2HB67Su_PouvHqeDGJBkNR81O1vQpC-lPdKyeE28CU_TJ_YK9lRvRPlaYdiQ4DjgVSPGp_c0fCED0OYOEUAHuR1z4WjH9dWMyEkymJw0bpQGuDimwUvWXgBdqFLBtHXxN1f63qD-N9157tPmk4cnUcZZjj_T2jUxnNbfljsFzka0bhuz5cIfLPe_Kqmc8FcijM6z4cTZw9t2RL_1d69RIeuJwBB0Ay5ZJOztGgT1vB6ETXjkC4dBLXKklEYSvj-xk. 
  5. ↑ Titov, Oleg; Frey, Sándor; Melnikov, Alexey; Lambert, Sébastien; Shu, Fengchun; Xia, Bo; González, Javier; Tercero, Belén et al. (2022-03-14). "Unprecedented change in the position of four radio sources". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512 (1): 874–883. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac038. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  6. ↑ Gonçalves, A. C.; Serote Roos, M. (January 2004). "The nuclear region of low luminosity flat radio spectrum sources. II. Emission-line spectra" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 413: 97–105. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031494. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2004A&A...413...97G. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Giovannini, G.; Taylor, G. B.; Arbizzani, E.; Bondi, M.; Cotton, W. D.; Feretti, L.; Lara, L.; Venturi, T. (November 1999). "1144+35: A giant radio galaxy with superluminal motion" (in en). New Astronomy Reviews 43 (8–10): 651–655. doi:10.1016/S1387-6473(99)00072-X. ISSN 1387-6473. Bibcode: 1999NewAR..43..651G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999NewAR..43..651G/abstract. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Arbizzani, E.; Giovannini, G.; Taylor, G. B.; Bondi, M.; Cotton, W. D.; Feretti, L.; Lara, L.; Venturi, T. (1999). "VLBI observations of B2 1144+35: a peculiar radio galaxy." (in en). Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana 70: 125–128. ISSN 0037-8720. Bibcode: 1999MmSAI..70..125A. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1999MmSAI..70..125A. 
  9. ↑ G, Bruni; M, Brienza; F, Panessa; L, Bassani; D, Dallacasa; T, Venturi; D, Baldi, R; A, Botteon et al. (2021-04-20). "Hard X-ray selected giant radio galaxies – III. The LOFAR view" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503 (4). doi:10.1093/mnra. ISSN 0035-8711. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/503/4/4681/6174665. Retrieved 2025-10-19. 
  10. ↑ Roos, M. Serote; Gonçalves, A. C. (2004-01-01). "The nuclear region of low luminosity flat radio spectrum sources - I. Stellar content" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 413 (1): 91–96. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031493. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2004A&A...413...91S. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2004/01/aa2188.pdf. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Giovannini, G.; Giroletti, M.; Taylor, G. B. (2007-11-01). "B2 1144+35B, a giant low power radio galaxy with superluminal motion - Orientation and evidence for recurrent activity" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 474 (2): 409–414. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078058. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..409G. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2007/41/aa8058-07/aa8058-07.html. 
  12. ↑ Liuzzo, E.; Buttiglione, S.; Giovannini, G.; Giroletti, M.; Capetti, A.; Taylor, G. B. (2013-02-01). "Compact sources in the Bologna Complete Sample: high-resolution VLA observations and optical data" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 550: A76. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220012. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2013A&A...550A..76L. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2013/02/aa20012-12.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Bruni, G; Panessa, F; Bassani, L; Dallacasa, D; Venturi, T; Saripalli, L; Brienza, M; Hernández-García, L et al. (2020-03-19). "Hard X-ray selected giant radio galaxies – II. Morphological evidence of restarted radio activity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494 (1): 902–914. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa735. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  14. ↑ Titov, Oleg; Frey, Sándor (2020-07-01). "An Apparent Jump in the Radio Position of J1147+3501". Research Notes of the AAS 4 (7): 108. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aba42c. ISSN 2515-5172. Bibcode: 2020RNAAS...4..108T. 



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