Biology:Bifidobacterium animalis
| Bifidobacterium animalis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Bifidobacteriales |
| Family: | Bifidobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Bifidobacterium |
| Species: | B. animalis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Bifidobacterium animalis (Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
| |
| Subspecies | |
|
B. a. animalis | |
Bifidobacterium animalis is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the Bifidobacterium genus which can be found in the large intestines of most mammals, including humans.
Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis were previously described as two distinct species. Presently, both are considered B. animalis with the subspecies Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis.[1][2][3]
Both old names B. animalis and B. lactis are still used on product labels, as this species is frequently used as a probiotic. In most cases, which subspecies is used in the product is not clear.
Trade names
Several companies have attempted[clarification needed] to trademark particular strains, and as a marketing technique, have invented scientific-sounding names for the strains.
Danone (Dannon in the United States) markets the subspecies strain DN 173 010 as Bifidus Digestivum (UK), Bifidus Regularis (US and Mexico), Bifidobacterium Lactis or B.L. Regularis (Canada), DanRegularis (Brazil), Bifidus Actiregularis (Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Spain and the UK), and Bifidus Essensis in the Middle East (and formerly in Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania and The Netherlands) through Activia from Safi Danone KSA.[citation needed]
Chr. Hansen A/S from Denmark has a similar claim on a strain of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, marketed under the trademark BB-12.[4]
Lidl lists "Bifidobacterium BB-12" in its "Proviact" yogurt.
Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04 and Bi-07 are strains from DuPont's Danisco FloraFIT range. They are used in many dietary probiotic supplements.
Theralac contains the strains Bifidobacterium lactis BI-07 and Bifidobacterium lactis BL-34[5] (also called BI-04) in its probiotic capsule.
Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10) is a strain from Fonterra licensed to DuPont, which markets it as HOWARU Bifido. It is sold in a variety of commercial probiotics, among them Tropicana Products Essentials Probiotics,[6] Attune Wellness Bars[7] and NOW Foods Clinical GI Probiotic.[8] Fonterra has a yogurt that is sold in New Zealand called Symbio Probalance, where the strain is labelled as DR10.
Research
Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB-12 administered in combination with other probiotics has showed "a trend toward increased remission" in a study of 32 patients with ulcerative colitis.[9]
Products
B. animalis is present in many food products and dietary supplements. The probiotic is mostly found in dairy products.[10]
Health concerns
The manipulation of the gut flora is complex and may cause bacteria-host interactions.[11] Although probiotics, in general, are considered safe, there are concerns about their use in certain cases.[11][12] Some people, such as those with compromised immune systems, short bowel syndrome, central venous catheters, heart valve disease and premature infants, may be at higher risk for adverse events.[13] Rarely, consumption of probiotics may cause bacteremia, and sepsis, potentially fatal infections in children with lowered immune systems or who are already critically ill.[14]
References
- ↑ "Bifidobacterium". https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/bifidobacterium.
- ↑ Masco, Liesbeth; Marco Ventura; Ralf Zink; Geert Huys; Jean Swings (July 2004). "Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis reveals relatedness at the subspecies level: reclassification of Bifidobacterium animalis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis subsp. nov. and Bifidobacterium lactis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis subsp. nov.". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54 (part 4): 1137–1143. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03011-0. PMID 15280282.
- ↑ "Rapid Identification, Differentiation, and Proposed New Taxonomic Classification of Bifidobacterium lactis". Appl Environ Microbiol 68 (12): 6429–6434. December 2002. doi:10.1128/aem.68.12.6429-6434.2002. PMID 12450873. Bibcode: 2002ApEnM..68.6429V.
- ↑ "BB-12® | Probio-Tec® | Probiotics for dietary supplements - CHR. Hansen | Improving Food & Health". http://www.chr-hansen.com/products/product-areas/probiotics-for-dietary-supplements/strains/bb-12r.html.
- ↑ Probiotic Foods In Health And Disease.. Taylor & Francis Ltd. 2011-02-14. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4398-5220-0. OCLC 1132341238. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1132341238. "For example, Theralac capsules contain “Five Probiotic Species”: Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-1—10 billion CFU; Lactobacillus paracasei F-19—5 billion CFU; Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-44—2 billion CFU; Bifidobacterium lactis BL-34—10 billion CFU; and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07—3 billion CFU with a guarantee of 30 billion CFUs altogether."
- ↑ "Strawberry Banana". http://www.tropicana.com/products/tropicana-essentials-probiotics/strawberry-banana-tep/.
- ↑ "HOWARU Bifido: AKA B. Lactis DR10, Bifidus DR10, and B. Lactis HN019". http://www.powerofprobiotics.com/HOWARU-Bifido.html.
- ↑ "NOW Foods Clinical GI Probiotic 50+ Formula 20 Billion CFU 60 Veg Caps - Swanson Health Products". http://www.swansonvitamins.com/now-foods-clinical-gi-probiotic-60-veg-caps.
- ↑ "Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease". Clin Exp Gastroenterol 7: 473–87. Dec 9, 2014. doi:10.2147/CEG.S27530. PMID 25525379.
- ↑ "American Society for MicrobiologyApplied and Environmental Microbiology." Strain-Specific Genotyping of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis by Using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Insertions, and Deletions. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 June 2014.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Diet therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases: The established and the new.". World J Gastroenterol 22 (7): 2179–94. 2016. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2179. PMID 26900283.
- ↑ "Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks?". Am J Clin Nutr 83 (6): 1256–64; quiz 1446–7. 2006. doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1256. PMID 16762934.
- ↑ "Risk and safety of probiotics.". Clin Infect Dis 60 (Suppl 2): S129-34. 2015. doi:10.1093/cid/civ085. PMID 25922398.
- ↑ "Probiotics in critically ill children.". F1000Res 5: 407. 2016. doi:10.12688/f1000research.7630.1. PMID 27081478.
External links
- whatisbifidusregularis.org/ – A deconstruction of the terms Bifidus Actiregularis, Bifidus Regularis, Bifidus Digestivum, L. Casei Immunitas and their variants, as well as the marketing strategy, and information about the potential health benefits of live yoghurts.
- Food-Info.net – How to select a probiotic
- Type strain of Bifidobacterium animalis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Wikidata ☰ Q4904767 entry
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