Biology:Desmoglein-3
Desmoglein-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG3 gene.[1][2] In the skin epidermis Desmoglein-3 is expressed in the basal lower layers of the epidermis, and dominates in terms of expression on mucosal surfaces compared to Desmoglein-1.[3]
Function
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial, and certain other cell types. Desmoglein 3 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, four desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. This protein, along with Desmoglein-1, has been identified as the autoantigen of the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris.[4] The mucosal dominant form of pemphigus vulgaris only involves antibodies against Desmoglein-3 and causes mucosal erosions, but no skin lesions.[3] Desmoglein-3 serves as a prognostic marker of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC), and may even be involved in the progression of ESCC.[5]
Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity of Desmoglein-3 antibodies comes from the existence of a tryptophan residue that could be interacting with the binding pocket that is necessary for trans-interaction of Desmoglein molecules.[6] Such antibodies can lead to the cause of skin disorders like pemphigus vulgaris.
Interactions
Desmoglein 3 has been shown to interact with PKP3.[7]
See also
- Desmoglein
- List of target antigens in pemphigus
- List of conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins
References
- ↑ "The human gene (DSG3) coding for the pemphigus vulgaris antigen is, like the genes coding for the other two known desmogleins, assigned to chromosome 18". Human Genetics 89 (3): 347–50. May 1992. doi:10.1007/bf00220557. PMID 1601426.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: DSG3 desmoglein 3 (pemphigus vulgaris antigen)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1830.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beigi, Pooya Khan Mohammad (2018). A Clinician's Guide to Pemphigus Vulgaris. Springer, Cham. pp. 3–10. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67759-0_1. ISBN 978-3-319-67758-3.
- ↑ "Desmoglein 2 is less important than desmoglein 3 for keratinocyte cohesion". PLOS ONE 8 (1). 2013-01-11. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053739. PMID 23326495. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...853739H.
- ↑ "Prognostic significance of desmoglein 2 and desmoglein 3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 15 (2): 871–6. 2014. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.871. PMID 24568510.
- ↑ "Peptide-mediated desmoglein 3 crosslinking prevents pemphigus vulgaris autoantibody-induced skin blistering". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 123 (2): 800–11. February 2013. doi:10.1172/jci60139. PMID 23298835.
- ↑ "Defining desmosomal plakophilin-3 interactions". The Journal of Cell Biology 161 (2): 403–16. April 2003. doi:10.1083/jcb.200303036. PMID 12707304.
Further reading
- "Autoantibodies against a novel epithelial cadherin in pemphigus vulgaris, a disease of cell adhesion". Cell 67 (5): 869–77. November 1991. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90360-B. PMID 1720352.
- "Plakoglobin binding by human Dsg3 (pemphigus vulgaris antigen) in keratinocytes requires the cadherin-like intracytoplasmic segment". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 104 (5): 720–4. May 1995. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12606963. PMID 7738346.
- "The human genes for desmogleins (DSG1 and DSG3) are located in a small region on chromosome 18q12". Genomics 20 (3): 492–5. April 1994. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1207. PMID 8034325.
- "Identification of the ubiquitous human desmoglein, Dsg2, and the expression catalogue of the desmoglein subfamily of desmosomal cadherins". Experimental Cell Research 211 (2): 391–9. April 1994. doi:10.1006/excr.1994.1103. PMID 8143788.
- "Pemphigus vulgaris antigen, a desmoglein type of cadherin, is localized within keratinocyte desmosomes". The Journal of Cell Biology 122 (2): 409–15. July 1993. doi:10.1083/jcb.122.2.409. PMID 8320263.
- "Cloning of the gene for human pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3), a desmosomal cadherin. Characterization of the promoter region and identification of a keratinocyte-specific cis-element". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (29): 17504–11. July 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.29.17504. PMID 8663392.
- "Cloning and transcriptional analysis of the promoter of the human type 2 desmocollin gene (DSC2)". Gene 186 (2): 237–47. February 1997. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00715-9. PMID 9074502.
- "Characterization of the regulatory regions in the human desmoglein genes encoding the pemphigus foliaceous and pemphigus vulgaris antigens". The Biochemical Journal. 329 329 ( Pt 1) (Pt 1): 165–74. January 1998. doi:10.1042/bj3290165. PMID 9405290.
- "Lack of mucosal involvement in pemphigus foliaceus may be due to low expression of desmoglein 1". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 110 (1): 76–8. January 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00085.x. PMID 9424092.
- "Antibodies against desmoglein 3 (pemphigus vulgaris antigen) are present in sera from patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus and cause acantholysis in vivo in neonatal mice". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 102 (4): 775–82. August 1998. doi:10.1172/JCI3647. PMID 9710446.
- "Cloning of the mouse desmoglein 3 gene (Dsg3): interspecies conservation within the cadherin superfamily". Experimental Dermatology 9 (4): 229–39. August 2000. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009004229.x. PMID 10949543.
- "Comparative analysis of two-dimensional protein patterns in malignant and normal human breast tissue". Cancer Detection and Prevention 25 (3): 268–79. 2001. PMID 11425269.
- "The fate of desmosomal proteins in apoptotic cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (44): 41175–81. November 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105769200. PMID 11500511.
- "Central role of the plakoglobin-binding domain for desmoglein 3 incorporation into desmosomes". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 117 (5): 1068–74. November 2001. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01528.x. PMID 11710914.
- "Suprabasal desmoglein 3 expression in the epidermis of transgenic mice results in hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation". Molecular and Cellular Biology 22 (16): 5846–58. August 2002. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.16.5846-5858.2002. PMID 12138195.
- "Differential effects of desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 on desmosome formation". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 119 (6): 1231–6. December 2002. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19648.x. PMID 12485422.
- "Dichotomy of autoreactive Th1 and Th2 cell responses to desmoglein 3 in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and healthy carriers of PV-associated HLA class II alleles". Journal of Immunology 170 (1): 635–42. January 2003. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.635. PMID 12496453.
- "Novel insights into cadherin processing by subtilisin-like convertases". FEBS Letters 536 (1–3): 203–8. February 2003. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03897-8. PMID 12586364.
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