Biology:Eumetabola
| Eumetabola | |
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| Apis dorsata on Tribulus terrestris | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Infraclass: | Neoptera |
| (unranked): | Eumetabola Hennig, 1953 |
| Superorders | |
Eumetabola is an unranked clade of Neoptera. Two large unities known as the Eumetabola and Paurometabola are probably from the adelphotaxa of the Neoptera after exclusion of the Plecoptera. The monophyly of these unities appears to be weakly justified.[1]
According to a phylogenetic analysis, the Eumetabola clade originated 390-350 million years ago, in the Late Devonian.[2]
Phylogeny
The phylogeny of Eumetabola is shown in the cladogram, using the molecular phylogeny of Wipfler et al. 2019 for the Polyneoptera,[3] Johnson et al 2018 for the Paraneoptera (where Psocomorpha contains Phthiraptera),[4] and Kjer et al 2016 for the Holometabola.[5]
| Neoptera |
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References
- ↑ Paurometabola — Eumetabola link.springer.com
- ↑ Wang, Y.-h. et al. Fossil record of stem groups employed in evaluating the chronogram of insects (Arthropoda: Hexapoda). Sci. Rep. 6, 38939; doi: 10.1038/srep38939 (2016).
- ↑ Wipfler, Benjamin; Letsch, Harald; Frandsen, Paul B.; Kapli, Paschalia; Mayer, Christoph; Bartel, Daniela; Buckley, Thomas R.; Donath, Alexander et al. (February 2019). "Evolutionary history of Polyneoptera and its implications for our understanding of early winged insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (8): 3024–3029. doi:10.1073/pnas.1817794116. PMID 30642969. Bibcode: 2019PNAS..116.3024W.
- ↑ Kevin P. Johnson; Christopher H. Dietrich; Frank Friedrich et al. (Dec 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (50): 12775–12780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMID 30478043.
- ↑ Kjer, Karl M.; Simon, Chris; Yavorskaya, Margarita; Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). "Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics". Journal of the Royal Society Interface 13 (121): 121. doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363. PMID 27558853.
External links
- Eumetabola Hennig 1953 insecta.bio.spbu.ru
- Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M. S. 2005: Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, New York. limited preview on Google books
- "The Earliest known Holometabolous insects" [1]
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Wikidata ☰ Q5861654 entry
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