Biology:Excitatory amino acid transporter 3

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Short description: Protein found in humans


A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A1 gene.[1][2]

Tissue distribution

EAAT3 is expressed on the plasma membrane of neurons, specifically on the dendrites and axon terminals.[3]

Function

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 is a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters which plays an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes in neurons. In the brain, excitatory amino acid transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. EAAT3 also transports aspartate, and mutations in this gene are thought to cause dicarboxylic aminoaciduria, also known as glutamate-aspartate transport defect.[2] EAAT3 is also the major route of neuronal cysteine uptake. Cysteine is a component of the major antioxidant glutathione, and mice lacking EAAT3 exhibit reduced levels of glutathione in neurons, increased oxidative stress, and age-dependent loss of neurons, especially neurons of the substantia nigra. A meta-analysis identified a small but significant association between a polymorphism of the gene SLC1A1 and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.[4]

Interactions

SLC1A1 has been shown to interact with ARL6IP5.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Assignment of the gene coding for the human high-affinity glutamate transporter EAAC1 to 9p24: potential role in dicarboxylic aminoaciduria and neurodegenerative disorders". Genomics 20 (2): 335–6. March 1994. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1183. PMID 8020993. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: SLC1A1 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6505. 
  3. ↑ "Amphetamine modulates excitatory neurotransmission through endocytosis of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in dopamine neurons". Neuron 83 (2): 404–416. July 2014. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.043. PMID 25033183. "In general, EAATs 1 and 2 are found predominantly in astrocytes, EAAT3 in neurons, EAAT4 in Purkinje cells, and EAAT5 expression is restricted to the retina (Danbolt, 2001). The dependence of EAAT3 internalization on the DAT also suggests that the two transporters might be internalized together. We found that EAAT3 and DAT are expressed in the same cells, as well as in axons and dendrites. However, the subcellular co-localization of the two neurotransmitter transporters remains to be established definitively by high resolution electron microscopy.". 
  4. ↑ "Meta-analysis of association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and the 3' region of neuronal glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics 162B (4): 367–79. June 2013. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32137. PMID 23606572. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98412/1/32137_ftp.pdf. 
  5. ↑ "Modulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 by the interacting protein GTRAP3-18". Nature 410 (6824): 84–8. March 2001. doi:10.1038/35065084. PMID 11242046. Bibcode: 2001Natur.410...84L. 

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.




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