Biology:List of extinct animals of the Nordics

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This is a list of extinct animals of the Nordics (including Sweden, Norway , Denmark , Finland , and Iceland). The list consists of common name, Latin name, known geographical range, and approximate extinction date, with the "†" symbol indicating the species is considered extinct worldwide.

Agmatans

  • †Volbortella tenuis (Gotland, Sweden / Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]

Annelids

  • †Lepidocoleus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Plumulites (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Sabellidites cambriensis (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)
  • †Spirorbis lewsisi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2][1]
  • †Turrilepas (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)

Arthropods

Crustaceans

  • †Anabarochilina (Gössäter in Västergötland, Sweden – Cambrian)[3]
  • †Coeloma (Skive, Denmark – Tertiary)[4]
  • †Crustacea indet (Skive, Denmark – Cretaceous)[5]
  • †Nephropidae indet (Langeland, Denmark – Tertiary)[6]

Eurypterids

  • †Dolichopterus gotlandicus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Erretopterus carinatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Eurypterus serratus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Holmipterus suecicus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Truncatiramus serricaudatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)

Insects

Ostracods

  • †Aechmina bovina (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Bythocypris semicircularis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Beyrichia buchiana (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Beyrichia jonesi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Beyrichia maccoyiana (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Beyrichia nodulosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Beyrichia spinigera (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Beyrichia steusloffi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Colpos insignis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Cytherellina siliqua (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Entomis migrans (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Leperditia baltica (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Leperditia grandis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Leperditia hisingeri (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Leperditia phaseolus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Primitia mundula (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Primitia valida (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Thlipsurella v-scripta discreta (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Thlipsura tetragona (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]

Phyllocaridans

  • †Ceratiocaris (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Emmelezoe (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)

Scorpions

Strabopids

  • †Paleomerus hamiltoni (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)

Trilobites

  • †Acaste downingiae (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Asaphus (Ljungsbro in Östergötland, Sweden – Ordovician)[11][12]
  • †Bumastus sulcatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Calymene blumenbachi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9][13][14]
  • †Calymene laevis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9][13][14]
  • †Calymmene intermedia (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Calymmene spectabilis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Cheirurus conformis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Dalmanites imbricatulus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Dalmanites obtusus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Deiphon cf. forbesi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Encrinurus laevis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Encrinurus punctatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Holia (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Homalonotus knighti (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Leonaspis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Phacops musheni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Phacops stokesi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Proetus granulatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Proetus verrucosus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Proetus signatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Proetus conspersus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Pseudotupolichas ornatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Scutellum irradians (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Scutellum platyactin (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Spaerexochus scabridus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Warburgella rugulosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Warburgella stokesi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]

Brachiopods

  • †Anastrophia deflexa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Atrypina angelini (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Atrypa cordata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Atrypa imbricata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Atrypa lamellosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Atrypa marginalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2][15]
  • †Atrypa reticularis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Bilobites bilobus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Brachyprion walmstedti (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Camarotoechia lewisi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Camarotoechia nucula (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Camartoechia borealis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9][15]
  • †Camartoechia diodonta (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9][15]
  • †Chonetes cingulatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Chonetes gotlandicus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Chonetes striatellus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Cliftonia (Plectotreta) lindströmi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Conchidium conchidium (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Conchidium tenuistriatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cyranoia (Balsvik, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[16]
  • †Cyrtia exporrecta (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Cyrtia trapezoidalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Dalmanella canaliculata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Dalmanella crassa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Dalmanella elegantula (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Dalmanella visbyensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Dayia navicula (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Dictyonella capewelli (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Dinorthis rustica (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Dinobolus davidsoni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Glassia compressa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Gypidula galeata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Hesperorthis davidsoni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Isorthis lovéni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Leptaena filosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Leptostrophia impressa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Leptaena laevigata (Mulde Tegelbruk and Fröjel in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[17][15]
  • †Leptaena lovéni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Leptaena rhomboidalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9][2]
  • †Leptaenoidea silurica (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Leptostrophia filosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Liljevallia gotlancia (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Lingula (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Linoporella punctata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Magas (Balsberg, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[18]
  • †Meristina tumida (Djupvik and Eksta in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[19][9]
  • †Mickwitzia (Lugnås in Västergötland, Sweden – Cambrian)[20]
  • †Mickwitzia monilifera (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)
  • †Mickwitzia pretiosa (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)
  • †Monomerella (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Nucleospira pisum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Orbiculoidea rugata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Orthis basalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Orthis bouchardi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Orthis davidsoni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Orthis punctata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Parmorthis basalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Parmorthis elegantula (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Parmorthis visbyensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Pentamerus gotlandicus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Pentamerus linguiferus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Pentamerus sphaera (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Pholidops implicata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Plectambonites transversalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Platystrophia implicata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Platystrophia biforata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Plectambonites inconstans (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Plectodonta duvali (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Plectodonta transversalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Ptychopleurella bouchardi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Retzia baylei (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Rhipidium (Alnäse in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[21]
  • †Rhipodomella hybrida (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9][2]
  • †Rhynchonella exigua (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Rhynchotreta cuneata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Scenidium acutum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Schuchertella pecten (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Spirifer marklini (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Spirifer radiatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Spirifer sinuosus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Spirifer crispus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Spirifer elevatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Spirifer sulcatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Spirifer striolatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Spirifer interlineatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Spirifer deltidialis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Spirifer globosus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Stricklandia lirata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Strispirifer (Galgbacken and Visby in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[22]
  • †Stropheodonta semiglobosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Strophomena orbignyi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Strophomena testudo (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Strophonella euglypha (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Strophonella funiculata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Strophonomena lovéni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Strophonomena rugata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Terebratula (Ivö Klack, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[23]
  • †Trimerella lindströmi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Waldheimia bicarinata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Whitfieldella didyma (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Whitfieldella nitida (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Wilsonia sphaeroidalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Wilsonia wilsoni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]

Bryozoans

  • †Ceramopora lindströmi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Coenites repens (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Corynotrypa dissimilis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Crepipora lunariata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Fenestella mobergi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Fenestella reticulata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Helopora lindströmi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Mesotrypa suprasilurica (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Phaenopora lindströmi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Ptilodictya lanceolata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Ptilodictya triangularis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]

Chordates

Amphibians

  • European fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina (Sweden – 1960 AD; populations reintroduced between 1970–1980 are now spread out over Skåne)[24]
  • †Gerrothorax pulcherrimus (Bjuv, Skåne, Sweden / Greenland, Denmark – Triassic)[25][26]
  • †Plagiosternum granulosum (Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)

Birds

  • Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica (Sweden / Norway / Denmark / Finland / Iceland – 1970 AD; only extinct in Sweden although occasionally observed along the coasts)[27]
  • †Apodiformes indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)
  • †Baptornis (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • Black stork, Ciconia nigra (Sweden – 2000 AD)[27]
  • †Caprimulgiformes indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)
  • †Chascacocolius oscitans (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[29]
  • †Coraciiformes indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)
  • Crested lark, Galerida cristata (Sweden / Denmark – 1980 AD)[27]
  • †Eocypselus vincenti (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark)[29]
  • Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops (Sweden – 2010 AD; regularly observed in the country despite no known breeding populations)[27]
  • European roller, Coracias garrulus (Sweden – 2000 AD)[27]
  • †Galliformes indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[30]
  • †Great auk, Pinguinus impennis (Sweden / Norway / Denmark / Iceland – 1800 AD)
  • Great bustard, Otis tarda (Sweden – 2000 AD)[7]
  • †Hesperornis rossicus (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus (Sweden – 2005 AD)[7]
  • †Lithornis (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[31]
  • Middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius (Sweden / Norway / Denmark / Finland / Iceland – 1980 AD; occasionally observed in known breeding locations)[27]
  • †Mopsitta tanta (Limfjorden on Mors in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[32][33][34][35]
  • †Morsoravis sedilis (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[36]
  • †Musophagiformes indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)
  • †Pellornis mikkelseni (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[37]
  • †Primoscenidae indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)
  • †Psittaciformes indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[33]
  • †Rallidae indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)
  • †Scaniornis lundgreni (Skåne, Sweden – Paleogene)[38][39][40]
  • †Strigiformes indet (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)

Conodonts

  • †Apsidognathus walmsleyi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Aulacognathus bullatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Belodella (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Camiodus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Dapsilodus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Decoriconus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Distomodus dubius (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Distomodus kentuckyensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hadrognathus staurognathoides (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella confluens (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella excavata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella gulletensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella polinclinata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella sagitta rhenana (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella snajdri (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella steinhomensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Hindeodella wimani (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Johnognathus huddlei (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Kockelella absidata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Kockelella ranuliformis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Kockelella variabilis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Kockelella walliseri (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Ligonodina confluens (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Ligonodina elegans (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Lignodina excavata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Ligonodina silurica (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Ozarkodina serrata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Panderodus equicostatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Panderodus gracilis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Panderodus langkawiensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Panderodus recurvatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Panderodus unicostatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Pedavis thorsteinssoni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Polygnathoides siluricus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Pseudooneotodus tricornis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Pseudooneotodus beckmanni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Pterospathodus amorphognathoides (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]
  • †Pterospathodus pennatus procerus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[41]

Fishes

Mammals

Bears

  • Polar bear, Ursus maritimus (Sweden / Svalbard, Norway / Greenland, Denmark – Quaternary; only extinct in Sweden)[48][49]

Bovids

  • †Aurochs, Bos primigenius (Östergötland and Närke, Sweden / Jylland, Denmark – Quaternary)[50][51]
  • †Dwarf ox / dwarf cow, Bos longifrons (Sweden – Quaternary)[52]
  • European bison, Bison bonasus (Sweden / Denmark – Quaternary; currently working to be reintroduced in both Sweden and Denmark)[53][54][55]
  • Saiga antelope, Saiga tatarica (Sweden / Denmark – Quaternary)[56][49]

Cats

  • †Eurasian cave lion, Panthera spelaea (Sweden / Denmark – Quaternary)
  • European wildcat, Felis silvestris silvestris (Sweden – 1,700-500 BC)[56]
  • †Scimitartoothed cat, Homotherium (Sweden – Quaternary)

Deers

  • Finnish forest reindeer, Rangifer tarandus fennicus (Sweden / Finland – 1800 AD; populations remain in Finland)
  • †Irish elk, Megaloceros giganteus (Sweden – Quaternary)[57]
  • Norwegian fell reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus (Sweden / Norway / Finland – 1800 AD; genetically pure populations remain only in Dovrefjäll-Rondane in Norway)

Dogs

  • †Dalbo dog was a Swedish dog breed believed to have gone extinct by 1870 AD.[58]
  • Gray wolf, Canis lupus (Sweden / Norway / Denmark / Finland – previously extinct in Sweden and Denmark but currently reintroduced)[59][60]
  • †Peat dog, Canis familiaris inostranzewi (Denmark – Quaternary)[61][62]

Horses

  • †Forest horse, Equus ferus germanicus (Sweden – Quaternary)
  • †Tarpan, Equus ferus silvaticus (Sweden – Quaternary)
  • Wild horse, Equus ferus (Sweden – Quaternary)

Kuehneotherians

  • †Kuehneotherium praecursoris (Greenland, Denmark – Triassic)

Multituberculates

Pantodonts

Pigs

  • Wild boar, Sus scrofa (Sweden / Norway / Denmark / Finland – 1700 AD; previously extinct in Sweden and Denmark but currently reintroduced)[64][65]

Primates

  • †Gardarene man, Homo gardarensis (Garðar on Greenland, Denmark – 1100 AD; currently regarded as Homo sapiens with acromegaly)[66][67][68]
  • †Neanderthal man, Homo neanderthalensis (Wolf Cave, Finland – Quaternary; possibly synonymous with Homo sapiens)[69][70][71][72]

Proboscideans

  • †Gomphotherium (Södermanland, Sweden – Neogene)[73][74]
  • †Woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius (Skåne, Sweden / Norway / Danmark / Finland – Quaternary)[75][76]

Rhinoceros

  • †Woolly rhinoceros, Coelodonta antiquitatis (Sweden – Quaternary)

Rodents

  • Black rat, Rattus rattus (Sweden / Denmark – 1994 AD)[77][78]

Seals

  • Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandica (Sweden / Greenland, Denmark – Quaternary)

Whales

Reptiles

Crocodilians

Dinosaurs

Ichthyosaurs

  • †Cryopterygius kristiansenae (Spitsbergen on Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Ichthyosaurus (Skåne, Sweden / Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Palvennia hoybergeti (Spitsbergen on Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)

Mosasaurs

  • †Clidastes propython (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Dollosaurus (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Eonatator sternbergi (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Hainosaurus ivoensis (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Halisaurus sternbergi (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Liodon (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Mosasaurus hoffmanni (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Platecarpus (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Plioplatecarpus (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Prognathodon (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Tylosaurus ivoensis (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28][117]

Plesiosaurs

  • †Cimoliosaurus nazarowi (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[83]
  • †Colymbosaurus svalbardensis (Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Djupedalia engeri (Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Elasmosaurus gigas (Skåne, Sweden / Svalbard, Norway – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Elasmosaurus helmersenii (Skåne, Sweden / Svalbard, Norway – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Kimmerosaurus langhami (Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Plesiosaurus (Skåne, Sweden / Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Predator X, Pliosaurus funkei (Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Polycotylidae indet (Skåne, Sweden – Jurassic)[28]
  • †Scanisaurus nazarowi (Ivö Klack, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28][84][118][28][118]
  • †Spitrasaurus larseni (Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)
  • †Spitrasaurus wensaasi (Svalbard, Norway – Jurassic)

Pterosaurs

Snakes

Turtles

  • †Eosphargis breineri (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[120]
  • European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Skåne, Östergötland, and Öland, Sweden / Denmark – 2000 BC in Sweden and 700 BC in Denmark; living turtles have been found in Skåne and Värmland, Sweden, presumably originating as released pets)[121][122][123]
  • †Glarichelys (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[124]
  • †Osteopygis (Kristianstad in Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Puppigerus (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Paleogene)[29]
  • †Tasbacka danica (Fur in Limfjorden in Jylland, Denmark – Cretaceous)[125]
  • †Testudines indet (Kristianstad in Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28]
  • †Trionychidae indet (Kristianstad in Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[28][126]

Cnidarians

Conulariids

  • †Conularia aspersa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Conularia laevis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)

Corals

  • †Acervularia ananas singularis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Acervularia ananas tabulatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Aeropoma pirsmaticum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Alveolites fougti (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Angopora hisingeri (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Aulacophyllum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Aulopora (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • Broch coral, Muriceides kuekenthali (Sweden – 2010 AD)[7]
  • †Calostylis denticulata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cyathophyllum bisectum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Cystiphyllum siluriense (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cystiophyllum (Visby in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[128]
  • †Dinophyllum involutum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Diploëpora grayi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Favosites asper (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Favosites forbesi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Favosites gothlandicus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Goniphyllum pyramidale (Väskinde in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[129][127][9]
  • †Halysites catenularis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Halysites catenulatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Halysites escharoides (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Heliolites interstinctus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Heliolites parvistella (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Holophragma calceoloides (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Ketophyllum (Eksta in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[130][127]
  • †Kodonophyllum truncatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Lindströmia dalmani (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Lindströmia siluriensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Lykophyllum tabulatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Oculina becki (Limhamn in Skåne, Sweden / Faxe in Själland, Denmark – Tertiary)[127]
  • †Omphyma (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Pachypora lamellicornis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Palaeocyclus porpita (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Phaulactis angusta (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Pholidophyllum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Plasmopora calyculata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Plasmopora foroensis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Plasmopora scita (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Polyorophe glabra (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Propora tabulata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Protolyellia princeps (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)[131]
  • †Ptychophyllum patellatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Roemeria kunthiana (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Spatangopsis costata (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)[132]
  • †Stauria favosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Striatopora calyculata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Striatopora halli (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Syringopora (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[127][9]
  • †Thecia swindernana (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Zaphrentis conulus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]

Echinoderms

  • †Cidaris baltica (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Diplodetus (Köpinge, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[133]
  • †Echinocorys (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[134]
  • †Echinosphaerites aurantium (Kinnekulle in Västergötland, Sweden – Ordovician)[135]
  • †Echinosphaerites grandis (Kleva in Västergötland, Sweden – Ordovician)[136][137]
  • †Eucalyptocrinus granulatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Micraster glyphus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Trisalenia (Ivö Klack, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[138]
  • †Tylocidaris (Denmark – Cretaceous)

Starfishes

  • †Palaeasterina antiqua (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]

Hemichordates

Graptolites

Hyolithelmintids

  • †Torellella laevigata (Stockholm, Sweden – Cambrian)

Hyoliths

  • †Hyolithes (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Ladatheca cylindrica (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]

Molluscs

Gastropods

  • †Bellerophon globulus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Bellerophon sphaera (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Chelodes gotlandicus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Craspedostoma elegantum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cyclonema delicatulum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cyclonema nodulosum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Euomphalopterus alatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Horistoma (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Hormotoma (Gothem in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[139][9]
  • †Lophospira bicincta (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Loxonema (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • Marsh grass snail, Vallonia enniensis (Sweden – 2000 AD)[7]
  • †Murchisonia attenuata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Murchisonia cingulata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Oriostoma (Lansa and Fårö in Dalarna, Sweden – Silurian)[140]
  • †Oriostoma acutum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Oriostoma angulatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Phanerotrema labrosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Platyceras enorme (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Platyceras disciforme (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Pleurotomaria alata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Platyceras cornutum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Pleurotomaria limata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Poleumita discors (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Poleumita globosa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Poleumita roemeri (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Pycnomphalus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Pleurotomaria (Östergarn in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[141]
  • †Scaphella faxensis (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Subulites attenuatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Subulites ventricosus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Tremanotus dilatatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Tremanotus longiudinalis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Trochonema (Kalholn in Dalarna, Sweden – Ordovician)[142]
  • †Trochus incisus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Trochus lundgreni (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Tryblidium reticulatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Tryblidium unguis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]

Bivalves

  • †Acutostrea (Axeltorp, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[143]
  • †Ambonychia (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Aviculopecten reticulatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Buchia (Svalbard, Norway / Greenland, Denmark – Jurassic)[144]
  • †Cardiola interrupta (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Conocardium (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cornellites sowerbyi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cypricardinia crispula (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Cypricardites sinuatus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Follmanella danbyi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Follmanella duplicata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Goniophora cf. cymbaeformis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Grammysia cingulata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Grammysia rotundata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Grammysia triangulata (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Hyotissa (Ivö Klack, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[145]
  • †Ilionia prisca (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Lucina hisingeri (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Megalomus gotlandicus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Modiolopsis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Mytilarca (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Nucula anglica (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Posidonomya glabra (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Pterinea demissa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Pteronitella retroflexa (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Rastellum diluvianum (Ivö Klack, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[146]
  • †Rhombopteria mira (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Salweyia (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Schizodus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Tancrediopsis (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]

Cephalopods

  • †Actinocamax (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Actionoceras (Heligholm in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[147]
  • †Anthoceras (Silverberg in Dalarna, Sweden – Ordovician)[148]
  • †Ascoceras bohemicum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Ascoceras decipiens (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Ascoceras gradatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Ascoceras manubrium (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Belemnellocamax mammilatus (Ivö Klack, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[149]
  • †Belemnitella (Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)
  • †Cameroceras (Unkarsheden in Dalarna, Sweden – Ordovician)[150]
  • †Cyrtoceras (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Dawsonceras annulatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Endoceras (Södra Bäck and Hälludden in Öland, Sweden – Ordovician)[151][152]
  • †Gomphoceras (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[15]
  • †Lituites (Kårgärde in Dalarna, Sweden – Ordovician)[153]
  • †Michelinoceras (Brunnby Kanal in Öland, Sweden – Ordovician)[154]
  • †Nautilus hisingeri (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Octomeroceras pugil (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[155]
  • †Octameroceras unguifer (Samsugn and Othem in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[156]
  • †Ophidioceras reticulatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Orthoceras (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Parapuzosia (Ivö Klack, Skåne, Sweden – Cretaceous)[157]
  • †Phragmoceras (Follingbo in Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[158]
  • †Phragmoceras constatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Phragmoceras convolutum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Phragmoceras eurystoma flexiblile (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Phragmoceras muthei (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Subulites (Dalarna, Sweden – Ordovician)
  • †Tragoceras (Bornsby in Dalarna, Sweden – Ordovician)[159]
  • †Trochoceras costatum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Trocholites (Öland, Sweden – Ordovician)[160]
  • †Tubiferoceras (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]

Poriferans

Stromatoporoids

  • †Clathrodictyon striatellum (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Labechia comferta (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]
  • †Spongiostroma holmi (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Stromatopora discoidea (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[9]

Retarians

Foraminiferans

Tentaculites

Problematica

  • †Autodetus calyptratus (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)[2]
  • †Harlaniella podolica (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Ediacaran)[1]
  • †Intrites (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Palaeopascichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Ediacaran)[1]
  • †Yelovichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Ediacaran)[1]

Ichnofossils

  • †Archaeonassa (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Arenicolithes (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Asterichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Belorhaphe (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Bergaueria (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Cochlichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Cosmorhaphe (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Cruziana (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)
  • †Cruziana tenella (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Curvolithus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Didymaulichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Dimorphichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Diplichnites (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Diplocraterion (Gotland, Sweden – Silurian)
  • †Glockerichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Gordia (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Grallator (Eubrontes) giganteus (Sweden – Jurassic)[109]
  • †Grallator (Eubrontes) soltykovensis (Sweden – Jurassic)[109]
  • †Gyrolithes (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Helicolithus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Ediacaran)[1]
  • †Helminthoidichnites (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Mobergella (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)
  • †Monocraterion (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Monomorphichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Multina (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Paleodictyon (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Palaeophycus (Lugnås in Västergötland, Sweden / Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1][161]
  • †Phoebichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Phycodes (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Planolites (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Psammichnites (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Plagiogmus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Rhizocorallium (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Rusophycus dipar (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)
  • †Rusophycus avalonensis (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Rusophycus (Hjälmsäter in Västergötland, Sweden – Cambrian)[162]
  • †Skolithos (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Skolithos (Kalmarsund in Småland, Sweden – Cambrian)[163]
  • †Squamodictyon (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Syringomorpha (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Taenidium (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Teichichnus (Gotland, Sweden – Cambrian)
  • †Teichichnus (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Thalassinoides (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Torrowangea (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Treptichnus pedum (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]
  • †Zoophycos (Tanafjord in Finnmark, Norway – Cambrian)[1]

See also

  • List of extinct animals
  • List of extinct animals of Europe

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 Brasier, Martin D.; McIlroy, Duncan (January 1, 2017). "Ichnological evidence for the Cambrian explosion in the Ediacaran to Cambrian succession of Tanafjord, Finnmark, northern Norway". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 448 (1): 351–368. doi:10.1144/SP448.7. Bibcode: 2017GSLSP.448..351M. https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/448/1/351. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.69 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.73 2.74 2.75 2.76 2.77 2.78 2.79 2.80 2.81 2.82 Beskrivning till kartbladet Burgsvik jämte Hoburgen och Ytterholmen, Henrik Munthe (1921)
  3. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/kambrium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3c6.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b478. 
  4. ↑ "Startsida fossil p3 – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/paleogenochneogen/fossil/tittapafossilp3/startsidafossilp3.4.3516ded81537c1611b84bc2.html#item-4_3516ded81537c1611b818ea8. 
  5. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk3/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b34e.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b41e. 
  6. ↑ "Startsida fossil p3 – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/paleogenochneogen/fossil/tittapafossilp3/startsidafossilp3.4.3516ded81537c1611b84bc2.html#item-4_3516ded81537c1611b818ecd. 
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 "Artfakta från ArtDatabanken SLU". https://artfakta.se/rodlistan. 
  8. ↑ "The composition of fossil insect eyes surprises researchers". August 14, 2019. https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/article/the-composition-of-fossil-insect-eyes-surprises-researchers. 
  9. ↑ 9.000 9.001 9.002 9.003 9.004 9.005 9.006 9.007 9.008 9.009 9.010 9.011 9.012 9.013 9.014 9.015 9.016 9.017 9.018 9.019 9.020 9.021 9.022 9.023 9.024 9.025 9.026 9.027 9.028 9.029 9.030 9.031 9.032 9.033 9.034 9.035 9.036 9.037 9.038 9.039 9.040 9.041 9.042 9.043 9.044 9.045 9.046 9.047 9.048 9.049 9.050 9.051 9.052 9.053 9.054 9.055 9.056 9.057 9.058 9.059 9.060 9.061 9.062 9.063 9.064 9.065 9.066 9.067 9.068 9.069 9.070 9.071 9.072 9.073 9.074 9.075 9.076 9.077 9.078 9.079 9.080 9.081 9.082 9.083 9.084 9.085 9.086 9.087 9.088 9.089 9.090 9.091 9.092 9.093 9.094 9.095 9.096 9.097 9.098 9.099 9.100 9.101 9.102 9.103 9.104 9.105 9.106 9.107 9.108 9.109 9.110 9.111 9.112 9.113 9.114 9.115 9.116 9.117 9.118 9.119 9.120 9.121 9.122 9.123 9.124 9.125 9.126 9.127 9.128 9.129 9.130 9.131 9.132 9.133 9.134 9.135 9.136 9.137 9.138 9.139 9.140 9.141 9.142 9.143 9.144 9.145 9.146 9.147 9.148 9.149 9.150 9.151 9.152 9.153 9.154 9.155 9.156 9.157 9.158 9.159 9.160 9.161 9.162 9.163 9.164 Beskrivning till kartbladen Visby och Lummelunda, Lundqvist, Hede & Sundius (1940)
  10. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b49a. 
  11. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b416. 
  12. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b401. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3ab. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3ae. 
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.40 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 15.49 15.50 15.51 Beskrivning till kartbladet Klintehamn; Henrik Munthe, Ernhold Hede och G. Lundqvist (1927)
  16. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4bd. 
  17. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b38a. 
  18. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b479. 
  19. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b40e. 
  20. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/kambrium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3c6.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4ef. 
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  23. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b548. 
  24. ↑ "Nordens Ark". https://www.postkodlotteriet.se/om-oss/stod-till-ideell-sektor/organisationer/nordens-ark.html. 
  25. ↑ Jenkins, Farish A.; Shubin, Neil H.; Gatesy, Stephen M.; Warren, Anne (2008). "Gerrothorax pulcherrimus from the Upper Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland and a Reassessment of Head Lifting in Temnospondyl Feeding". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (4): 935–950. doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.935. 
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  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 "Hotade fåglar i Sverige". https://www.nrm.se/faktaomnaturenochrymden/djur/faglar/hotadefaglar.73.html. 
  28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 "Food resources and habitat selection of a diverse vertebrate fauna from the upper lower Campanian of the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden | Request PDF". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257047937. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 http://2dgf.dk/xpdf/bull51-1-77-85.pdf
  30. ↑ Copenhagen, University of (April 26, 2007). "Search". https://forskning.ku.dk/find-en-forsker/,%20https://forskning.ku.dk/find-en-forsker/,%20https://research.ku.dk/search/?pure=en/publications/a-small-galliform-bird-from-the-lower-eocene-fur-formation-northwestern-denmark(1cce54c0-120a-11dd-bee9-02004c4f4f50).html. 
  31. ↑ Tuinen, Marcel van; Dyke, Gareth J.; Leonard, Leona M. (September 12, 2005). A new specimen of the fossil palaeognath Lithornis from the Lower Eocene of Denmark. American Museum novitates ; no. 3491. 
  32. ↑ http://www.dinosaurier.nu/nyheter/fossil-papegoja-fr%C3%A5n-danmark
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  34. ↑ "Parrot Fossil 55 Million Years Old Discovered In Scandinavia". https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080516123153.htm. 
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  37. ↑ Bertelli, Sara; Chiappe, Luis M.; Mayr, Gerald (2011). "A new Messel rail from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark (Aves, Messelornithidae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 (4): 551–562. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.538730. 
  38. ↑ "Fossilworks: Scaniornis". http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=99565. 
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  69. ↑ "Ny forskning bekräftar Neandertalare i Varggrottan". https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2014/02/28/ny-forskning-bekraftar-neandertalare-i-varggrottan. 
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  80. ↑ "swedenborgsval – Uppslagsverk – NE.se". http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/swedenborgsval. 
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  87. ↑ Larsen, Henrik (March 9, 2009). "Krokodillejagten er gået ind i Faxe Kalkbrud". https://politiken.dk/viden/art4792442/Krokodillejagten-er-g%C3%A5et-ind-i-Faxe-Kalkbrud. 
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  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 97.4 "Sen Krita". July 19, 2011. https://dinosaurierisverige.wordpress.com/sen-krita/. 
  98. ↑ "Fossilworks: Dromaeosauroides". http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=92201. 
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  134. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4ed. 
  135. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b39d. 
  136. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b29e. 
  137. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3e9. 
  138. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b47d. 
  139. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b233. 
  140. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b45c. 
  141. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b22e. 
  142. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4e2. 
  143. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b29b. 
  144. ↑ "Fossilworks: Buchia". http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=16523. 
  145. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b29d. 
  146. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2ad. 
  147. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b297. 
  148. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4c9. 
  149. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2a/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2c2.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b48f. 
  150. ↑ ssil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b519
  151. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3f1. 
  152. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3e1. 
  153. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b525. 
  154. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b409. 
  155. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b238. 
  156. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b295. 
  157. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/krita/fossil/tittapafossilk2b/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4b9.html. 
  158. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/silur/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b242.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b2a2. 
  159. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b534. 
  160. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/ordovicium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3da.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4d3. 
  161. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/kambrium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3c6.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b24d. 
  162. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/kambrium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3c6.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b448. 
  163. ↑ "Startsida fossil – NyaUtställningar". http://utstallning.nrm.se/fossilochevolution/sv/kambrium/fossil/tittapafossil/startsidafossil.4.4f4d16d8151338bf6031b3c6.html#item-4_4f4d16d8151338bf6031b4b7. 




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