Biology:List of sequenced protist genomes

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This list of sequenced protist genomes contains all the protist species known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle only sequences.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Alveolata

Alveolata are a group of protists which includes the Ciliophora, Apicomplexa and Dinoflagellata. Members of this group are of particular interest to science as the cause of serious human and livestock diseases.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion Assembly status Links
Babesia bovis Apicomplexan Cattle pathogen 8.2 Mb 3,671 2007[1]
Breviolum minutim (Symbiodinium minutum; clade B1) Dinoflagellate Coral symbiont 1.5 Gb 47,014 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology 2013[2] Draft OIST Marine Genomics[3]
Cladocopium goreaui (Symbiodinium goreaui; Clade C1) Dinoflagellate Coral symbiont 1.19 Gb 35,913 Reef Future Genomics (ReFuGe) 2020/ University of Queensland 2018[4] Draft ReFuGe 2020[5]
Cladocopium C92 strain Y103 (Symbiodinium sp. clade C; putative type C92) Dinoflagellate Foraminiferan symbiont Unknown (assembly size 0.70 Gb) 65,832 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology 2018[6] Draft OIST Marine Genomics[3]
Cryptosporidium hominis
Strain:TU502 		Apicomplexan Human pathogen 10.4 Mb 3,994[7] Virginia Commonwealth University 2004[7]
Cryptosporidium parvum
C- or genotype 2 isolate 		Apicomplexan Human pathogen 16.5 Mb 3,807[8] UCSF and University of Minnesota 2004[8]
Eimeria tenella
Houghton strain 		Apicomplexan Intestinal parasite of domestic fowl 55-60 Mb[9] The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute[10] Available for download;[10] 2007 for Chr 1[11]
Fugacium kawagutii CS156=CCMP2468 (Symbiodinium kawagutii; clade F1) Dinoflagellate Coral symbiont? 1.07 Gb 26,609 Reef Future Genomics (ReFuGe) 2020 / University of Queensland 2018[4] Draft ReFuGe 2020[5]
Fugacium kawagutii CCMP2468 (Symbiodinium kawagutii; clade F1) Dinoflagellate Coral symbiont? 1.18 Gb 36,850 University of Connecticut / Xiamen University 2015[12] Draft S. kawagutii genome project[13]
Neospora caninum Apicomplexan Pathogen for cattle and dogs 62 Mb[14] The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute[15] Available for download[15]
Paramecium tetraurelia Ciliate Model organism 72 Mb 39,642[16] Genoscope 2006[16]
Polarella glacialis CCMP1383 Dinoflagellate Psychrophile, Antarctic 3.02 Gb (diploid), 1.48 Gbp (haploid) 58,232 University of Queensland 2020[17] Draft UQ eSpace[18]
Polarella glacialis CCMP2088 Dinoflagellate Psychrophile, Arctic 2.65 Gb (diploid), 1.30 Gbp (haploid) 51,713 University of Queensland 2020[17] Draft UQ eSpace[18]
Plasmodium berghei ANKA Apicomplexan Rabbit malaria 18.5 Mb[19] 4,900;[19] 11,654 (UniProt)
Plasmodium chabaudi Apicomplexan Rodent malaria 19.8 Mb[20] 5,000[20]
Plasmodium falciparum
Clone:3D7 		Apicomplexan Human pathogen (malaria) 22.9 Mb 5,268[21] Malaria Genome Project Consortium 2002[21]
Plasmodium knowlesi Apicomplexan Primate pathogen (malaria) 23.5 Mb 5,188[22] 2008[22]
Plasmodium vivax Apicomplexan Human pathogen (malaria) 26.8 Mb 5,433[23] 2008[23]
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii
Strain:17XNL 		Apicomplexan Rodent pathogen (malaria) 23.1 Mb 5,878[24] TIGR and NMRC 2002[24]
Symbiodinium microadriaticum (clade A) Dinoflagellate Coral symbiont 1.1 Gb 49,109 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 2016[25] Draft Reef Genomics[26]
Symbiodinium A3 strain Y106 (Symbiodinium sp. clade A3) Dinoflagellate symbiont Unknown (assembly size 0.77 Gb) 69,018 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology 2018[6] Draft OIST Marine Genomics[3]
Tetrahymena thermophila Ciliate Model organism 104 Mb 27,000[27] 2006[27]
Theileria annulata
Ankara clone C9 		Apicomplexan Cattle pathogen 8.3 Mb 3,792 Sanger 2005[28]
Theileria parva
Strain:Muguga 		Apicomplexan Cattle pathogen (African east coast fever) 8.3 Mb 4,035[29] TIGR and the International Livestock Research Institute 2005[29]
Toxoplasma gondii
GT1, ME49, VEG strains 		Apicomplexan Mammal pathogen 63 Mb (RefSeq) 8,100 (UniProt) - 9,000 (EuPathDB) J. Craig Venter Inst., TIGR, UPenn. 2008[30]

Amoebozoa

Amoebozoa are a group of motile amoeboid protists, members of this group move or feed by means of temporary projections, called pseudopods. The best known member of this group is the slime mold, which has been studied for centuries; other members include the Archamoebae, Tubulinea and Flabellinia. Some Amoeboza cause disease.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Dictyostelium discoideum
Strain:AX4 		Slime mold Model organism 34 Mb 12,500[31] Consortium from University of Cologne, Baylor College of Medicine and the Sanger Centre 2005[31]
Entamoeba histolytica
HM1:IMSS 		Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (amoebic dysentery) 23.8 Mb 9,938[32] TIGR, Sanger Institute and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 2005[32]
Polysphondylium pallidum
Strain:PN500 		Slime mold Model organism 12,939,[33] 12,350 (UniProt) Leibniz Institute for Age Research 2009[33]

Chromista

The Chromista are a group of protists that contains the algal phyla Heterokontophyta (stramenopiles), Haptophyta and Cryptophyta. Members of this group are mostly studied for evolutionary interest.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Albugo laibachii Oomycete Arabidopsis parasite, biotroph 37 Mb[34] 13,032[34] 2011[34]
Aureococcus anophagefferens
Strain:CCMP1984 		Pelagophyte DOE Joint Genome Institute 2011[35]
Bigelowiella natans Chlorarachniophyte Model organism nucleomorph: 0.331 Mb
nuclear: 95 Mb 		nucleomorph: 373[36]
nuclear: >21,000[37] 		nucleomorph: Hall Institute Australia, Univ. Melbourne, Univ. BC
nuclear: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 		2006,[36] 2012[37]
Chroomonas mesostigmatica CCMP1168 Cryptophyta 2012[38]
Cryptomonas paramecium Cryptophyta 2010[39]
Emiliania huxleyi
CCMP1516 		Coccolithophore (phytoplankton) 141.7 Mb[40] 30,569[40] Joint Genome Institute 2013[40]
Emiliania huxleyi
RCC1217 		Coccolithophore (phytoplankton) Available for download[41]
Fragilariopsis cylindrus Diatom 61.1 Mb[42] 21,066[42] Joint Genome Institute 2017[42]
Guillardia theta Cryptomonad Model organism 0.551 Mb (nucleomorph genome only)
87 Mb (nuclear genome) 		nucleomorph: 465[43] 513, 598 (UniProt)
nuclear: >21,000[37] 		nucleomorph: Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Philipps-University Marburg and the University of British Columbia
nuclear: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 		2001,[43] 2012[37]
Hemiselmis andersenii
CCMP7644 		Cryptomonad Model organism 0.572 Mb
(nucleomorph genome only) 		472,[44] 502 (UniProt) Canadian Institute of Advanced Research 2007[44]
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Oomycete obligate biotroph, Arabidopsis pathogen WUGSC 2010[45]
Nannochloropis gaditana
Strain: CCMP526 		Eustigmatophyte Lipid-producing, biotechnology applications Virginia Bioinformatics Institute 2012[46]
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Strain: CCAP1055/1 		Diatom 27.4 Mb 10,402 Joint Genome Institute 2008[47]
Phytophthora infestans
Strain:T30-4 		Oomycete Great Famine of Ireland pathogen Broad Institute 2009[48]
Phytophthora ramorum Oomycete Sudden oak death pathogen 65 Mb (7x) 15,743 Joint Genome Institute et al. 2006[49]
Phytophthora sojae Oomycete Soybean pathogen 95 Mb (9x) 19,027 Joint Genome Institute et al. 2006[49]
Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries Diatom Joint Genome Institute
Plasmodiophora brassicae Plasmodiophorid Clubroot disease pathogen 25.5 Mb 9,730 SLU Uppsala et al. 2015[50]
Pythium ultimum Oomycete ubiquitous plant pathogen 42.8 Mb 15,290 Michigan State University et al. 2010[51]
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Strain:CCMP 1335 		Diatom 34.5 Mb 11,242[52] Joint Genome Institute and the University of Washington 2004[52]

Excavata

Excavata is a group of related free living and symbiotic protists; it includes the Metamonada, Loukozoa, Euglenozoa and Percolozoa. They are researched for their role in human disease.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Giardia enterica (G. duodenalis assemblage B) Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Giardiasis) 11.7 Mb 4,470[53] multicenter collaboration 2009[53]
Giardia duodenalis
ATCC 50803
(Giardia duodenalis assemblage A)
 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Giardiasis) 11.7 Mb 6,470,[54] 7,153 (UniProt) Karolinska Institutet, Marine Biological Laboratory 2007[54]
Leishmania braziliensis
MHOM/BR/75M2904 		Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Leishmaniasis) 33 Mb 8,314[55] Sanger Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Imperial College 2007[55]
Leishmania infantum
JPCM5 		Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Visceral leishmaniasis) 33 Mb 8,195[55] Sanger Institute, Imperial College and University of Glasgow 2007[55]
Leishmania major
Strain:Friedlin 		Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Cutaneous leishmaniasis) 32.8 Mb 8,272[56] Sanger Institute and Seattle Biomedical Research Institute 2005[56]
Naegleria gruberi amoeboflagellate Diverged from other eukaryotes over 1 billion years ago 41 Mb[57] 15,727[57] 2010[57]
Trichomonas vaginalis Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Trichomoniasis) 160 Mb 59,681[58] TIGR 2007[58]
Trypanosoma brucei
Strain:TREU927/4 GUTat10.1 		Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Sleeping sickness) 26 Mb 9,068[59] Sanger Institute and TIGR 2005[59]
Trypanosoma cruzi
Strain:CL Brener TC3 		Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Chagas disease) 34 Mb 22,570[60] TIGR, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute and Uppsala University 2005[60]

Opisthokonts, basal

Opisthokonts are a group of eukaryotes that include both animals and fungi as well as basal groups that are not classified in these groups. These basal opisthokonts are reasonably categorized as protists and include choanoflagellates, which are the sister or near-sister group of animals.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Monosiga brevicollis Choanoflagellate close relative of metazoans 41.6 Mb 9,200[61] Joint Genome Institute 2007[61]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ "Draft assembly of the Symbiodinium minutum nuclear genome reveals dinoflagellate gene structure". Current Biology 23 (15): 1399–408. August 2013. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.062. PMID 23850284. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "OIST Marine Genomics". http://marinegenomics.oist.jp/gallery/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Symbiodinium genomes reveal adaptive evolution of functions related to coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis". Communications Biology 1: 95. 2018. doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0098-3. PMID 30271976. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "ReFuGe 2020 Data Site". http://refuge2020.reefgenomics.org. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Two divergent Symbiodinium genomes reveal conservation of a gene cluster for sunscreen biosynthesis and recently lost genes". BMC Genomics 19 (1): 458. June 2018. doi:10.1186/s12864-018-4857-9. PMID 29898658. 
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  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum". Science 304 (5669): 441–5. April 2004. doi:10.1126/science.1094786. PMID 15044751. Bibcode: 2004Sci...304..441A. 
  9. ↑ genedb
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sanger
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  12. ↑ "The Symbiodinium kawagutii genome illuminates dinoflagellate gene expression and coral symbiosis". Science 350 (6261): 691–4. November 2015. doi:10.1126/science.aad0408. PMID 26542574. Bibcode: 2015Sci...350..691L. 
  13. ↑ "S. kawagutii data site". http://web.malab.cn/symka_new. 
  14. ↑ genedb
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Sanger
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  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Ensembl entry
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  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Macronuclear genome sequence of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a model eukaryote". PLOS Biology 4 (9): e286. September 2006. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040286. PMID 16933976. 
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  30. ↑ NCBI Genome T. gondii ME49
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  39. ↑ "Complete nucleomorph genome sequence of the nonphotosynthetic alga Cryptomonas paramecium reveals a core nucleomorph gene set". Genome Biology and Evolution 3: 44–54. 2012. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq082. PMID 21147880. 
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  41. ↑ Entry
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  46. ↑ "Draft genome sequence and genetic transformation of the oleaginous alga Nannochloropis gaditana". Nature Communications 3 (2): 686. February 2012. doi:10.1038/ncomms1688. PMID 22353717. Bibcode: 2012NatCo...3..686R. 
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  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis". Science 313 (5791): 1261–6. September 2006. doi:10.1126/science.1128796. PMID 16946064. Bibcode: 2006Sci...313.1261T. 
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  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism". Science 306 (5693): 79–86. October 2004. doi:10.1126/science.1101156. PMID 15459382. Bibcode: 2004Sci...306...79A. 
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  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei". Science 309 (5733): 416–22. July 2005. doi:10.1126/science.1112642. PMID 16020726. Bibcode: 2005Sci...309..416B. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 "The genome sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease". Science 309 (5733): 409–15. July 2005. doi:10.1126/science.1112631. PMID 16020725. Bibcode: 2005Sci...309..409E. http://sgc.anlis.gob.ar/handle/123456789/381. 
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