Biology:List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.

This list of "sequenced" eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been sequenced, assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences.

DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans, was released.

Protists

Following are the nine earliest sequenced genomes of protists. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced protist genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Guillardia theta Cryptomonad Model organism 0.551 Mb
(nucleomorph genome only) 		465,[1] 513, 598 (UniProt) Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Philipps-University Marburg and the University of British Columbia 2001[1]
Plasmodium falciparum
Clone:3D7 		Apicomplexan Human pathogen (malaria) 22.9 Mb 5,268[2] Malaria Genome Project Consortium 2002[2]
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii
Strain:17XNL 		Apicomplexan Rodent pathogen (malaria) 23.1 Mb 5,878[3] TIGR and NMRC 2002[3]
Cryptosporidium hominis
Strain:TU502 		Apicomplexan Human pathogen 10.4 Mb 3,994[4] Virginia Commonwealth University 2004[4]
Cryptosporidium parvum
C- or genotype 2 isolate 		Apicomplexan Human pathogen 16.5 Mb 3,807[5] UCSF and University of Minnesota 2004[5]
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Strain:CCMP 1335 		Diatom Model organism 34.5 Mb 11,242[6] Joint Genome Institute and the University of Washington 2004[6]
Trypanosoma cruzi
Strain:CL-Brener 		Kinetoplastid Human Pathogen 67 Mb 22,570[7] The Institute for Genome Research (TIGR) and Karolinska Institutet (KI) and Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI) 2005[7]
Trypanosoma brucei
Clone:TREU 927/4 		Kinetoplastid Human Pathogen 26 Mb 9,068[8] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and The Institute for Genome Research (TIGR) 2005[8]
Leishmania major
Strain: Friedlin 		Kinetoplastid Human Pathogen 32.8 Mb 8,272[9] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI) 2005[9]

Plants

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of plants. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced plant genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of chromosomes Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ecotype:Columbia 		Wild mustard Thale Cress Model plant 135 Mb[10] 5 25,498,[11] 27,400,[12] 31,670 (UniProt) Arabidopsis Genome Initiative[13] 2000[11]
Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Strain:10D 		Red algae Simple eukaryote 16.5 Mb 20 5,331[14] University of Tokyo, Rikkyo University, Saitama University and Kumamoto University 2004[14]
Oryza sativa
ssp indica 		Rice Crop and model organism 420 Mb 12 32-50,000[15] Beijing Genomics Institute, Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2002[15]
Ostreococcus tauri Green algae Simple eukaryote, small genome 12.6 Mb 7,969 (UniProt) Laboratoire Arago 2006[16]
Populus trichocarpa Balsam poplar or Black Cottonwood Carbon sequestration, model tree, commercial use (timber), and comparison to A. thaliana 550 Mb 19 45,555[17] The International Poplar Genome Consortium 2006[17]

Fungi

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of fungi. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced fungi genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Strain:S288C 		Saccharomycetes Baker's Yeast; Model eukaryote 12.1 Mb 6,294[18] International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing[19] 1996[18]
Encephalitozoon cuniculi Microsporidium Human pathogen 2.9 Mb 1,997[20] Genoscope and Université Blaise Pascal 2001[20]
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Strain:972h- 		Schizosaccharomycetes Model eukaryote 14 Mb 4,824[21] Sanger Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2002[21]
Neurospora crassa Sordariomycetes Model eukaryote 40 Mb 10,082[22] Broad Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, University of Kentucky, and the University of Kansas 2003[22]
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Strain:RP78 		Agaricomycetes Wood rotting fungus, use in mycoremediation 30 Mb 11,777[23] Joint Genome Institute 2004[23]

Animals

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of animals. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced animal genomes.

Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Caenorhabditis elegans
Strain:Bristol N2 		Nematode Model animal 100 Mb 19,000[24] Washington University and the Sanger Institute 1998[24]
Drosophila melanogaster Fruit fly Model animal 165 Mb 13,600[25] Celera, UC Berkeley, Baylor College of Medicine, European DGP 2000[25]
Anopheles gambiae
Strain: PEST 		Mosquito Vector of malaria 278 Mb 13,683[26] Celera Genomics and Genoscope 2002[26]
Takifugu rubripes Puffer fish Vertebrate with small genome 390 Mb 22–29,000[27] International Fugu Genome Consortium[28] 2002[29]
Homo sapiens Human 3.2 Gb[30] 18,826 (CCDS consortium) Human Genome Project Consortium and Celera Genomics Draft 2001[31][32]
Complete 2006[33]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Douglas S; Zauner S; Fraunholz M et al. (April 2001). "The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus". Nature 410 (6832): 1091–6. doi:10.1038/35074092. PMID 11323671. Bibcode: 2001Natur.410.1091D. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gardner MJ; Hall N; Fung E et al. (October 2002). "Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum". Nature 419 (6906): 498–511. doi:10.1038/nature01097. PMID 12368864. Bibcode: 2002Natur.419..498G. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Carlton JM; Angiuoli SV; Suh BB et al. (October 2002). "Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the model rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii". Nature 419 (6906): 512–9. doi:10.1038/nature01099. PMID 12368865. Bibcode: 2002Natur.419..512C. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Xu P; Widmer G; Wang Y et al. (October 2004). "The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis". Nature 431 (7012): 1107–12. doi:10.1038/nature02977. PMID 15510150. Bibcode: 2004Natur.431.1107X. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Abrahamsen MS; Templeton TJ; Enomoto S et al. (April 2004). "Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum". Science 304 (5669): 441–5. doi:10.1126/science.1094786. PMID 15044751. Bibcode: 2004Sci...304..441A. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Armbrust EV; Berges JA; Bowler C et al. (October 2004). "The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism". Science 306 (5693): 79–86. doi:10.1126/science.1101156. PMID 15459382. Bibcode: 2004Sci...306...79A. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 El-Sayed NM; Myler P; Bartholomeu DC et al. (July 2005). "The Genome Sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, Etiologic Agent of Chagas Disease". Science 309 (5733): 409–415. doi:10.1126/science.1112631. PMID 16020725. http://sgc.anlis.gob.ar/handle/123456789/381. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Berriman M; Ghedin E; Hertz-Fowler CH et al. (July 2005). "The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei". Science 309 (5733): 416–422. doi:10.1126/science.1112642. PMID 16020726. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ivens AC; Peacock CS; Worthey EA et al. (July 2005). "The genome of the kinetoplastid parasite, Leishmania major". Science 309 (5733): 436–442. doi:10.1126/science.1112680. PMID 16020728. 
  10. ↑ "TAIR - Genome Assembly". https://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/genAnnotation/gene_structural_annotation/agicomplete.jsp. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (December 2000). "Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana". Nature 408 (6814): 796–815. doi:10.1038/35048692. PMID 11130711. Bibcode: 2000Natur.408..796T. 
  12. ↑ Ensembl entry
  13. ↑ Arabidopsis Genome Initiative
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Matsuzaki M; Misumi O; Shin-I T et al. (April 2004). "Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D". Nature 428 (6983): 653–7. doi:10.1038/nature02398. PMID 15071595. Bibcode: 2004Natur.428..653M. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Goff SA; Ricke D; Lan TH et al. (April 2002). "A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)". Science 296 (5565): 92–100. doi:10.1126/science.1068275. PMID 11935018. Bibcode: 2002Sci...296...92G. 
  16. ↑ Derelle E; Ferraz C; Rombauts S et al. (August 2006). "Genome analysis of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features". PNAS 103 (31): 11647–52. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604795103. PMID 16868079. Bibcode: 2006PNAS..10311647D. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Tuskan GA; Difazio S; Jansson S et al. (September 2006). "The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)". Science 313 (5793): 1596–604. doi:10.1126/science.1128691. PMID 16973872. Bibcode: 2006Sci...313.1596T. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc883930/. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Goffeau A; Barrell BG; Bussey H et al. (October 1996). "Life with 6000 genes". Science 274 (5287): 546, 563–7. doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.546. PMID 8849441. Bibcode: 1996Sci...274..546G. 
  19. ↑ International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Katinka MD; Duprat S; Cornillot E et al. (November 2001). "Genome sequence and gene compaction of the eukaryote parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi". Nature 414 (6862): 450–3. doi:10.1038/35106579. PMID 11719806. Bibcode: 2001Natur.414..450K. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Wood V; Gwilliam R; Rajandream MA et al. (February 2002). "The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Nature 415 (6874): 871–80. doi:10.1038/nature724. PMID 11859360. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Galagan JE; Calvo SE; Borkovich KA et al. (April 2003). "The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa". Nature 422 (6934): 859–68. doi:10.1038/nature01554. PMID 12712197. Bibcode: 2003Natur.422..859G. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Martinez, Diego; Larrondo, Luis F; Putnam, Nik; Gelpke, Maarten D Sollewijn; Huang, Katherine; Chapman, Jarrod; Helfenbein, Kevin G; Ramaiya, Preethi et al. (2004). "Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78". Nature Biotechnology 22 (6): 695–700. doi:10.1038/nbt967. PMID 15122302. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (December 1998). "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology". Science 282 (5396): 2012–8. doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012. PMID 9851916. Bibcode: 1998Sci...282.2012.. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Adams MD; Celniker SE; Holt RA et al. (March 2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science 287 (5461): 2185–95. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132. Bibcode: 2000Sci...287.2185.. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Holt RA; Subramanian GM; Halpern A et al. (October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science 298 (5591): 129–49. doi:10.1126/science.1076181. PMID 12364791. Bibcode: 2002Sci...298..129H. H
  27. ↑ International Fugu Genome Consortium. Forth Genome Assembly
  28. ↑ International Fugu Genome Consortium
  29. ↑ Aparicio S; Chapman J; Stupka E et al. (August 2002). "Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes". Science 297 (5585): 1301–10. doi:10.1126/science.1072104. PMID 12142439. Bibcode: 2002Sci...297.1301A. 
  30. ↑ Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, International (October 2004). "Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome". Nature 431 (7011): 931–45. doi:10.1038/nature03001. PMID 15496913. Bibcode: 2004Natur.431..931H. 
  31. ↑ McPherson JD; Marra M; Hillier L et al. (February 2001). "A physical map of the human genome". Nature 409 (6822): 934–41. doi:10.1038/35057157. PMID 11237014. Bibcode: 2001Natur.409..934M. 
  32. ↑ Venter JC; Adams MD; Myers EW et al. (February 2001). "The sequence of the human genome". Science 291 (5507): 1304–51. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995. Bibcode: 2001Sci...291.1304V. 
  33. ↑ Gregory SG; Barlow KF; McLay KE et al. (May 2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414. Bibcode: 2006Natur.441..315G. 

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