Biology:Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4

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Short description: Species of virus


Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4
Virus classification e
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Peploviricota
Class: Herviviricetes
Order: Herpesvirales
Family: Orthoherpesviridae
Genus: Lymphocryptovirus
Species:
Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4
Synonyms
  • Rhesus lymphocryptovirus
  • Cercopithecine herpesvirus 15
  • Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4
  • Rhesus HHV-4-like virus
  • Rhesus Epstein Barr virus
  • Rhesus EBV-like herpesvirus

Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 (McHV-4), commonly known as rhesus lymphocryptovirus (RLV), is a species of virus in the genus Lymphocryptovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.[1][2]

In nature, RLV infects rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Comparison with Epstein-Barr virus

Its genetic structure has been fully sequenced and found to be highly homologous with that of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), at 65%. The structural proteins are highly conserved, while genes expressed during Human gammaherpesvirus 4 latent infection are much less well conserved. Even in cases where genes have low homology, the RLV infection genes are functionally interchangeable with EBV genes.[3]

RLV infection in rhesus monkeys resembles EBV infection in humans in several respects:

  • Oral transmission,
  • Atypical lymphocytosis
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Activation of CD23+ peripheral blood B cells
  • Sustained serologic responses to lytic and latent Human gammaherpesvirus 4 antigens
  • Latent infection in the peripheral blood
  • Virus persistence in oropharyngeal secretions

These features make the rhesus lymphocryptovirus potentially useful for studying the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of EBV infection and associated oncogenesis.[4]

References

  1. ↑ "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/8266. 
  2. ↑ "History of the taxon: Species: Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202301487&taxon_name=Lymphocryptovirus%20macacinegamma4. 
  3. ↑ "Complete nucleotide sequence of the rhesus lymphocryptovirus: genetic validation for an Epstein-Barr virus animal model". J. Virol. 76 (1): 421–6. 2002. doi:10.1128/jvi.76.1.421-426.2002. PMID 11739708. 
  4. ↑ Amir Moghaddam; Michael Rosenzweig; David Lee-Parritz; Bethany Annis; R. Paul Johnson; Fred Wang (1997). "An Animal Model for Acute and Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection". Science 276 (5321): 2030–2033. doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2030. PMID 9197263. 

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