Biology:Rheiformes
Rheiformes is an order that contains the family Rheidae (rheas).[1] It is in the infraclass Paleognathae, which contains all ratites. Extant members are found in South America. While the IOC World Bird List and the Clements Checklist categorise Rheiformes as its own order,[1][2] the BirdLife Data Zone includes rheas, along with ostriches, tinamous, cassowaries, emu, and kiwis, in the order Struthioniformes.[3] Of the two extant species of rheas recognized by the IUCN Red List, as of 2022[update], Rhea americana is listed as near threatened,[4] while Rhea pennata is listed as least concern.[5] From 2014 to 2022, the IUCN recognised Rhea tarapacensis as a separate species, and listed it as near threatened in its last assessment in 2020;[6] in 2022, it was again recognised as a subspecies of R. pennata.[5]: Taxonomy
Today, the order is represented by the sole living genus Rhea, though it contains 4-5 genera in total depending on the affiliation of the extinct genus Diogenornis. The taxonomy of the order is as follows:[7]
Order Rheiformes (Forbes, 1884) Furbringer, 1888 [Rheimorphae Bonaparte, 1849; Rheae Forbes 1884][8][9][10][11][12]
- Family Rheidae (Bonaparte 1849) Bonaparte, 1853
- ? Genus †Diogenornis de Alvarenga 1983 (Late Paleocene) – possibly a member of Casuariiformes instead.[13][7]
- Genus †Heterorhea Rovereto 1914 (Pliocene)
- Genus †Hinasuri Tambussi 1995 (Miocene-Pliocene)
- Genus †Opisthodactylus Ameghino 1895 (Miocene)
- Genus Rhea Brisson 1760 (Miocene-Recent)
Extant species summary
The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 2 species of Rheiformes.[14] As of January 2026, IUCN/BirdLife International have assessed both species within the order, but neither have a global population estimate.
| Common name | Binomial name | Population | Status | Trend | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater rhea | Rhea americana | unknown[4] | Template:IUCN-NT[4] |  [4]
|
175px | |
| Lesser rhea
(Darwin's rhea) |
Rhea pennata | unknown[5] | Template:IUCN-LC[5] | [5]
|
The populations of subspecies R. p. tarapacensis and R. p. garleppi are estimated to total 1,000-2,499 mature individuals. The population of the nominate subspecies, R. p. pennata, is expected to be much larger but has not been quantified.[5] | 175px |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (11 August 2022). "Ratites: Ostriches to tinamous". IOC World Bird List. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/ratites/.
- ↑ Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, Thomas S.; Iliff, Marshall J.; Fredericks, Thomas A.; Gerbracht, Jeff A.; LePage, Denis; Billerman, Shawn M.; Sullivan, Brian L. et al. (25 October 2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/updateindex/october-2022/.
- ↑ "HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist". BirdLife International. July 2022. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/taxonomy.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 BirdLife International. (2022). "Rhea americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22678073A219615764.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678073/219615764. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 BirdLife International. (2022). "Rhea pennata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22678081A217016710.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678081/217016710. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ↑ BirdLife International. (2020). "Rhea tarapacensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22728206A177987446.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728206/177987446. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Picasso, Mariana B.J.; Hospitaleche, Carolina Acosta; Mosto, María C. (2022). "An overview and update of South American and Antarctic fossil rheidae and putative ratitae (Aves, Palaeognathae)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 115. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103731. ISSN 0895-9811.
- ↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Paleognathia - paleognathous modern birds". http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/archosauria/aves/palaeognathia/paleognathia_1.html.
- ↑ "Taxonomic lists - Aves". http://www.paleofile.com/.
- ↑ "Part 7 - Vertebrates". http://mave.tweakdsl.nl/tn/genera7.html.
- ↑ Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). "01 → Pᴀʟᴇᴏɢɴᴀᴛʜᴀᴇ: Sᴛʀᴜᴛʜɪᴏɴɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Rʜᴇɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀsᴜᴀʀɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴛᴇʀʏɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴇᴘʏᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Dɪɴᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Lɪᴛʜᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Tɪɴᴀᴍɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs & Rᴇfᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs". http://kmoksy.com/zobot/birds_English.html.
- ↑ Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological sciences. Catalogue of fossil birds (Bulletin of the Florida State Museum) 7 (4): 180–293. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00001514/00001. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedTambussi2023 - ↑ "Ratites: Ostriches to tinamous – IOC World Bird List". https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/ratites/.
Template:Palaeognathae Wikidata ☰ Q1113470 entry
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