Biology:List of birds by population

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This is a list of bird species by global population, divided by bird classification. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology. Contributing organizations include the IUCN, BirdLife International, and Partners in Flight.

The average global population of all mature birds is estimated to be somewhat less than 90 billion (actually, somewhere between 40 and 130 billion; this too is a rough estimate). The total population including younglings is somewhat higher during the breeding season of each species.[1]

This list is incomplete, because experts have not estimated all bird numbers. For example, the spectacled flowerpecker was only discovered in 2010, and did not receive its scientific name (Dicaeum dayakorum) until 2019,[2] adding to the other 73 new bird species described by ornithologists from 2000 – 2009.[3][4][5] Global population estimates for many of these at this time would lack accuracy.

All numbers are estimates, because they are taken by observation, and a given number of 50 slender-billed curlews does not necessarily mean there are 10 more of this species than the black stilt, which has been estimated at 40: there is a possibility that the latter species has a larger population than the former.[6][7] This list should not be taken that literally. An estimate of 250 shore dotterels compared with 4,500 – 5,000 wrybills, on the other hand, means that the latter has well over one order of magnitude more individuals than the former.[8][9] The wrybill only has approximately one tenth the population of great skuas (48,000), which are outnumbered ~10:1 by the pigeon guillemot (470,000).[10][11] It is these large differences between species that this list tries to convey.

By taxonomy

List by taxonomic order Birds included # of quantified species / # of total species (%)1 Example of less common species Example of more common species
Accipitriformes Hawks, eagles, kites. 178 / 251

(70%)

Anseriformes Waterfowl: ducks, geese, swans, teals. 125 / 170 (75%) Laysan duck (CR) Laysan teal male.jpg Mallard (LC) Mallard in flight.jpg
Pop: 521[12] Pop: > 17,000,000[13]
Apterygiformes Kiwis. 6 / 59 (55%) Little spotted kiwi (NT) Little spotted kiwi, Apteryx owenii, Auckland War Memorial Museum.jpg Southern brown kiwi (VU) Tokoeka.jpg
Pop: > 1,200[14] Pop: 29,800[15]
Bucerotiformes Hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes, wood hoopoes. 13 / 72

(18%)

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars, nighthawks, potoos, hummingbirds, swifts. 34 / 601 (27%) Puerto Rican nightjar (EN) Puerto Rican nightjar sitting in leaves.jpg Chimney swift (NT) Chimney swift overhead.jpg
Pop: 1,400 – 2,000[16] Pop: 15,000,000[17]
Cariamiformes Seriemas. 0 / 2

(0%)

Cathartiformes Vultures, condors 4 / 7

(57%)

Casuariiformes Cassowaries, emus. 3 / 4

(75%)

Charadriiformes Waders, gulls, auks. 268 / 379 (76%) Shore dotterel (EN) NZ Shore plover male.JPG Thick-billed murre (LC) Thick-billed Murres in Alaska refuge.jpg
Pop: 250[8] Pop: > 22,000,000[18]
Ciconiiformes Storks, herons, egrets, ibises, spoonbills. 14 / 20 (70%) Storm's stork (EN) Storm's Stork SMTC.jpg White stork (LC) Ciconia ciconia - White Stork 02.jpg
Pop: 400 – 500[19] Pop: 700,000-704,000[20]
Coliiformes Mousebirds. 0 / 6

(0%)

Columbiformes Doves, pigeons. 94 / 353 (29%) Socorro dove (EW) SocorroGroundDove025.jpg Rock dove (LC) Rock dove - natures pics.jpg
Pop: 100[21] Pop: 260,000,000[22]
Coraciiformes Kingfishers, hornbills, motmots, bee-eaters. 38 / 187 (17%) Narcondam hornbill (EN) Narcondam hornbill.jpg Rainbow bee-eater (LC) Merops ornatus -Australia-8.jpg
Pop: 320 – 340[23] Pop: > 1,000,000[24]
Cuculiformes Cuckoos. 22 / 151 (13%) Black-hooded coucal (CR) Common cuckoo (LC) Cuculus canorus vogelartinfo chris romeiks CHR0791 cropped.jpg
Pop: 70[25] Pop: 25,000,000 – 100,000,000[26]
Eurypygiformes Kagus, sunbittern. 2 / 2

(100%)

Falconiformes Diurnal birds of prey. 34 / 64 (53%) Madagascar fish eagle (CR) Madagascarfisheagle.jpg Common kestrel (LC) Kestrel hunting over Cherry Wood - geograph.org.uk - 1711571.jpg
Pop: 360[27] Pop: > 5,000,000[28]
Galbuliformes Puffbirds, jacamars. ? / 55

(0%)

Galliformes Gamebirds. 121 / 308 (42%) Bornean peacock-pheasant (EN) Willow ptarmigan (LC) Lagopus in Abisko.jpg
Pop: 1,000 – 2,499[29] Pop: > 40,000,000[30]
Gaviiformes Loons. 5 / 5 (100%) Yellow-billed loon (NT) Gavia adamsii.jpg Pacific loon (LC) PacificLoon24.jpg
Pop: 16,000 – 32,000[31] Pop: 930,000 – 1,600,000[32]
Gruiformes Cranes, crakes, rails. 92 / 169 (45%) Lord Howe woodhen (EN) Lord Howe Woodhen.jpg American coot (LC) Fulica americana3.jpg
Pop: 220 – 230[33] Pop: 6,000,000[34]
Leptosomiformes Cuckoo-roller. 0 / 1

(0%)

Mesitornithiformes Mesites. 0 / 3

(0%)

Musophagiformes Turacos. 3 / 24

(13%)

Opisthocomiformes Hoatzin. 0 / 1

(0%)

Otidiformes Bustards, floricans, korhaans. 10 / 26

(38%)

Passeriformes New Zealand wrens, suboscines, oscines, songbirds. 55 / 6685

(0.8%)

Pelecaniformes Ibises, spoonbills, herons, egrets, bitterns, shoebills, hamerkops, pelicans. 36 / 110 (55%) Flightless cormorant (VU) Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi) -swimming2.jpg Red-footed booby (LC) Sula sula by Gregg Yan 02.jpg
Pop: 1,679[35] Pop: > 1,000,000[36]
Phaethontiformes Tropicbirds. 0 / 3

(0%)

Phoenicopteriformes Flamingos. 6 / 6 (100%) Andean flamingo (VU) Two andeanflamingo june2003 arp.jpg Lesser flamingo (NT) Phoeniconaias minor3.jpg
Pop: 38,000[37] Pop: 2,220,000 – 3,240,000[38]
Piciformes Woodpeckers, toucans, barbets. 43 / 485 (10%) Ivory-billed woodpecker (CR) Ivory-billed Woodpecker by Jerry A. Payne.jpg Great spotted woodpecker (LC) Dendrocopos major -Durham, England -female-8.jpg
Pop: 0 – 50[39] Pop: 73,500,000 – 216,000,000[40]2
Podicipediformes Grebes. 11 / 20 (58%) New Zealand grebe (VU) NZDabchickZoom X2.JPG Black-necked grebe (LC) Podiceps nigricollis (Marek Szczepanek).jpg
Pop: 1,900 – 2,000[41] Pop: 3,900,000 – 4,200,000[42]
Pterocliformes Sandgrouse. 0 / 16

(0%)

Procellariiformes Albatrosses petrels. 116 / 145 (90%) New Zealand storm petrel (CR) Oceanites maorianus.jpg Short-tailed shearwater (LC) Puffinus tenuirostris - SE Tasmania.jpg
Pop: < 50[43] Pop: > 23,000,000[44]
Psittaciformes Parrots, cockatoos, macaws. 134 / 405 (38%) Kākāpō (CR) Strigops habroptilus 1.jpg Red-tailed black cockatoo (LC) Red tailed Black Cockatoo in flight.jpg
Pop: 210[45] Pop: > 100,000[46]
Rheiformes Rheas. 2 / 2

(100%)

Sphenisciformes Penguins. 16 / 18 (89%) Galapagos penguin (EN) Galápagos Penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) -standing on rock.jpg Macaroni penguin (VU) Eudyptes chrysolophus -Antarctic-54.jpg
Pop: 1,800[47] Pop: 18,000,000[48]3
Strigiformes Owls. 72 / 239 (37%) Forest owlet (CR) Forest Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti, Athene blewitti) in Melghat Tiger Reserve Maharashtra (2).jpg Short-eared owl (LC) Asio flammeus Delta BC 3.jpg
Pop: 70 – 400[49] Pop: > 2,000,000[50]
Struthionidae Ostritches. 2 / 2

(100%)

Suliformes Boobies, frigate birds, gannets, cormorants. ? / 153

(0%)

Tinamiformes Tinamous. 9 / 47 (19%) Slaty-breasted tinamou (LC) CrypturusBoucardiSmit.jpg Little tinamou (LC) Crypturellus soui.jpg
Pop: 20,000 – 49 999[51] Pop: 500,000 – 4,999,999[52]
Trogoniformes Trogons, quetzals. 9 / 43 (20%) Javan trogon (EN) Javan Trogon (Harpactes reinwardtii reinwardtii).jpg Collared trogon (LC) Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris) (4090278016).jpg
Pop: 350 – 1,500[53] Pop: 5,000,000 – 50,000,000[54]

See also

Notes

1.^ Amount of quantified species contained in the list as of the "Retrieved" date in the corresponding citation. The amount of species in each order is according to the IUCN and BirdLife International; bird taxonomy is currently in flux and these figures may soon change.
2.^ Preliminary estimate.
3.^ Mature only.

References

  1. ↑ Gaston, K. J., Blackburn, T. M., & Goldewijk, K. K. (2003). Habitat conversion and global avian biodiversity loss. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1521), 1293-1300.
  2. ↑ Saucier, Jacob R.; Milensky, Christopher M.; Caraballo-Ortiz, Marcos A.; Ragai, Roslina; Dahlan, N. Faridah; Edwards, David P. (2019-10-17). "A distinctive new species of flowerpecker (Passeriformes: Dicaeidae) from Borneo". Zootaxa. 4686 (4): 451–464. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
  3. ↑ Reuters. "Spectacled flowerpecker" bird found in Borneo, scientificamerican.com, 13 January 2010, accessed on 15 January 2010.
  4. ↑ Walton, Doreen, science reporter. New bird species found in rainforests of Borneo, BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk, 14 January 2010, accessed on 15 January 2010.
  5. ↑ Pennak, Sara (18 January 2012). "State of observed species: A decade of species discovery in review" (PDF). Arizona State University: International Institute for Species Exploration. http://timgostony.com/iisetemp/RetroSOS__FINAL.pdf. 
  6. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Himantopus novaezelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693690A129560535. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693690A129560535.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693690/129560535. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Numenius tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693185A131111201. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693185A131111201.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693185/131111201. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 BirdLife International (2016). "Thinornis novaeseelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693899A93429618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693899A93429618.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693899/93429618. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  9. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Anarhynchus frontalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693928A131876706. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693928A131876706.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693928/131876706. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  10. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Stercorarius skua". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003195/0. Retrieved 2012-12-09. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  11. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Cepphus columba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694864A132578338. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694864A132578338.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22694864/132578338. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  12. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Anas laysanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680203A130697270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680203A130697270.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680203/130697270. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  13. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Anas platyrhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680186A155457360. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22680186A155457360.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680186/155457360. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  14. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Apteryx owenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22678129A92756395. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678129A92756395.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678129/92756395. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  15. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Apteryx australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22678122A155418586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678122A155418586.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678122/155418586. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  16. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Caprimulgus noctitherus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106002386/0. Retrieved 2012-12-05. 
  17. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Chaetura pelagica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22686709A131792415. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686709A131792415.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22686709/131792415. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  18. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Uria lomvia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694847A132066134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694847A132066134.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22694847/132066134. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  19. ↑ BirdLife International (2017). "Ciconia stormi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697685A110066434. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22697685A110066434.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697685/110066434. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  20. ↑ IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ciconia ciconia: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697691A86248677" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697691a86248677.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697691/86248677. 
  21. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Zenaida graysoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22690740A178409463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690740A178409463.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22690740/178409463. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  22. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Columba livia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22690066A155493121. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690066A155493121.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22690066/155493121. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  23. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Aceros narcondami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/100600970/0. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 
  24. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Merops ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22683753A92998888. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683753A92998888.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22683753/92998888. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  25. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Tauraco fischeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22688327A93192788. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688327A93192788.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22688327/93192788. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  26. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Cuculus canorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22683873A155496731. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683873A155496731.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22683873/155496731. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  27. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Eutriorchis astur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22695336A93503165. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695336A93503165.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695336/93503165. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  28. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Falco tinnunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22696362A93556429. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696362A93556429.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696362/93556429. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  29. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Polyplectron schleiermacheri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679393A84694321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679393A84694321.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679393/84694321. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  30. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Lagopus lagopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679460A89520690. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679460A89520690.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679460/89520690. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  31. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Gavia adamsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697847A132607949. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697847A132607949.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697847/132607949. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  32. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Gavia pacifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697839A132607134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697839A132607134.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697839/132607134. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  33. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Gallirallus sylvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106002850/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  34. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Fulica americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T62169677A95190980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62169677A95190980.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/62169677/95190980. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  35. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax harrisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003671/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  36. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula sula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696694A132589278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696694A132589278.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696694/132589278. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  37. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Phoenicoparrus andinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697387A182422217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697387A182422217.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697387/182422217. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  38. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Phoeniconaias minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697369A129912906. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697369A129912906.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697369/129912906. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  39. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Campephilus principalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22681425A182588014. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681425A182588014.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22681425/182588014. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  40. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Dendrocopos major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22681124A87323054. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681124A87323054.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22681124/87323054. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  41. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Poliocephalus rufopectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22696592A93572730. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696592A93572730.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696592/93572730. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  42. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Podiceps nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696610A132584321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696610A132584321.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696610/132584321. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  43. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanites maorianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/160030105/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  44. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003934/0. Retrieved 2012-12-17. 
  45. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Strigops habroptila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22685245A129751169. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685245A129751169.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22685245/129751169. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  46. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Calyptorhynchus banksii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22684744A93044811. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684744A93044811.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22684744/93044811. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  47. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Spheniscus mendiculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697825A182729677. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697825A182729677.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697825/182729677. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  48. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Eudyptes chrysolophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697793A184720991. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697793A184720991.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697793/184720991. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  49. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Heteroglaux blewitti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106002289/0. Retrieved 2012-12-21. 
  50. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Asio flammeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22689531A93234548. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22689531A93234548.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22689531/93234548. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  51. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Crypturellus boucardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22678191A92760820. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678191A92760820.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678191/92760820. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  52. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Crypturellus soui". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22678169A95208453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678169A95208453.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678169/95208453. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  53. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Apalharpactes reinwardtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22682824A178034431. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682824A178034431.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682824/178034431. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  54. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Trogon collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T61692251A95176245. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61692251A95176245.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61692251/95176245. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 



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