Chemistry:Bismuth vanadate
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
bismuth;trioxido(oxo)vanadium
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UN number | 3285 |
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| Properties | |
| BiVO 4 | |
| Molar mass | 323.918 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | bright yellow solid |
| Odor | odorless |
| Density | 6.25 g/cm3 (20 °C (68 °F))[1] |
| Melting point | 880–940 °C (1,620–1,720 °F; 1,150–1,210 K)[2] |
| insoluble | |
| Solubility | soluble in acid |
Refractive index (nD)
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2.45[citation needed] |
| Hazards | |
| GHS pictograms | 
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| GHS Signal word | Warning |
| H302, H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P280, P305+351+338, P304+340, P405, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LC50 (median concentration)
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5.15 mg/L (rat, inhalation, 4 hour)[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Bismuth vanadate is the inorganic compound with the formula BiVO
4. It is a bright yellow solid. It is widely studied as visible light photo-catalyst with a narrow band gap of less than 2.4 eV.[4] It is a representative of "complex inorganic colored pigments," or CICPs. More specifically, bismuth vanadate is a mixed-metal oxide. Bismuth vanadate is also known under the Colour Index International as C.I. Pigment Yellow 184.[5] It occurs naturally as the rare minerals pucherite, clinobisvanite, and dreyerite.[6][7][8]
Properties
Most commercial bismuth vanadate pigments are based on monoclinic (clinobisvanite) and tetragonal (dreyerite) structures though in the past two phase systems involving a 4:3 relationship between bismuth vanadate and bismuth molybdate (Bi
2MoO
6) have been used.[9]
Production
While most CICPs are formed exclusively through high temperature calcination, bismuth vanadate can be formed from a series of pH controlled precipitation reactions. These reactions can be carried out with or without the presence of molybdenum depending on the desired final phase.[citation needed]
It is also possible to start with the parent oxides (Bi
2O
3 and V
2O
5) and perform a high temperature calcination to achieve a pure product.[citation needed]
History and uses
Bismuth vanadate is a bright yellow powder and may have a slight green tint. When used as a pigment it has a high chroma and excellent hiding power. In nature, bismuth vanadate can be found as the mineral pucherite, clinobisvanite, and dreyerite depending on the particular polymorph formed. Its synthesis was first recorded in a pharmaceutical patent in 1924 and it began to be used commonly as a pigment in the mid-1980s. Today it is manufactured across the world for pigment use.[5]
As a photocatalyst
BiVO
4 has received much attention as a photocatalyst for water splitting and for remediation.Template:Of what?[10]
In the monoclinic phase, BiVO
4 is an n-type photoactive semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.4 eV, which has been investigated for water splitting after doping with W and Mo.[9] BiVO
4 photoanodes have demonstrated record solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies of 5.2% for flat films,[11][12] and 8.2% for WO
3 in BiVO
4 core-shell nanorods (highest for metal-oxide photo-electrode) with the advantage of being a very simple and cheap material.[compared to?][13][14][15]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "SDS - Bismuth vanadium oxide". ThermoFisher Scientific. 24 December 2025. https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AA3922014&productDescription=BMTH+VANADIUM+OXIDE+25G&vendorId=VN00024248&countryCode=US&language=en.
- ↑ "Bismuth vanadium tetraoxide Melting point / freezing point on ECHA". REACH registration data factsheet. European Chemical Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14172/4/3.
- ↑ "Bismuth vanadium oxide, 99.9%". ThermoFisher Scientific. https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/bismuth-vanadium-oxide-99-9-metals-basis-thermo-scientific/AA3922014.
- ↑ Moniz, S. J. A.; Shevlin, S. A.; Martin, D. J.; Guo, Z.-X.; Tang, J. (2015). "Visible-light driven heterojunction photocatalysts for water splitting – a critical review. Energy & Environmental Science". Energy and Environmental Science 8 (3): 731–759. doi:10.1039/C4EE03271C.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Buxbaum, G. (2009). "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.n20_n02.
- ↑ Pucherite, MinDat.org, http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=3306
- ↑ Clinobisvanite, MinDat.org, http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=1067
- ↑ Dreyerite, MinDat.org, http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=1320
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kaur, G.; Pandey, O. P.; Singh, K. (July 2012). "Optical, structural, and mechanical properties of different valence-cation-doped bismuth vanadate oxides". Physica Status Solidi A 209 (7): 1231–1238. doi:10.1002/pssa.201127636. Bibcode: 2012PSSAR.209.1231K.
- ↑ Tayebi, Meysam; Lee, Byeong-Kyu (2019). "Recent advances in BiVO4 semiconductor materials for hydrogen production using photoelectrochemical water splitting". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 111: 332–343. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.030.
- ↑ Han, Lihao; Abdi, Fatwa F.; van de Krol, Roel; Liu, Rui; Huang, Zhuangqun; Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim; Dam, Bernard; Zeman, Miro et al. (October 2014). "Efficient Water-Splitting Device Based on a Bismuth Vanadate Photoanode and Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells". ChemSusChem 7 (10): 2832–2838. doi:10.1002/cssc.201402456. PMID 25138735. Bibcode: 2014ChSCh...7.2832H. https://authors.library.caltech.edu/48846/13/Han_2014p2832.pdf.
- ↑ Abdi, Fatwa F.; Han, Lihao; Smets, Arno H. M.; Zeman, Miro; Dam, Bernard; van de Krol, Roel (29 July 2013). "Efficient solar water splitting by enhanced charge separation in a bismuth vanadate-silicon tandem photoelectrode". Nature Communications 4 (1): 2195. doi:10.1038/ncomms3195. PMID 23893238. Bibcode: 2013NatCo...4.2195A.
- ↑ Pihosh, Yuriy; Turkevych, Ivan; Mawatari, Kazuma; Uemura, Jin; Kazoe, Yutaka; Kosar, Sonya; Makita, Kikuo; Sugaya, Takeyoshi et al. (2015-06-08). "Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen by core-shell WO3 /BiVO4 nanorods with ultimate water splitting efficiency" (in en). Scientific Reports 5 (1). doi:10.1038/srep11141. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 26053164. Bibcode: 2015NatSR...511141P.
- ↑ Kosar, Sonya; Pihosh, Yuriy; Turkevych, Ivan; Mawatari, Kazuma; Uemura, Jin; Kazoe, Yutaka; Makita, Kikuo; Sugaya, Takeyoshi et al. (2016-02-25). "Tandem photovoltaic–photoelectrochemical GaAs/InGaAsP–WO3/BiVO4device for solar hydrogen generation". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 55 (4S). doi:10.7567/jjap.55.04es01. ISSN 0021-4922. Bibcode: 2016JaJAP..55dES01K.
- ↑ Kosar, Sonya; Pihosh, Yuriy; Bekarevich, Raman; Mitsuishi, Kazutaka; Mawatari, Kazuma; Kazoe, Yutaka; Kitamori, Takehiko; Tosa, Masahiro et al. (2019-07-01). "Highly efficient photocatalytic conversion of solar energy to hydrogen by WO3/BiVO4 core–shell heterojunction nanorods" (in en). Applied Nanoscience 9 (5): 1017–1024. doi:10.1007/s13204-018-0759-z. ISSN 2190-5517. Bibcode: 2019ApNan...9.1017K.
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