Chemistry:Bismuth trifluoride
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Bismuth(III) fluoride
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| Other names
Bismuth trifluoride
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| BiF3 | |
| Molar mass | 265.97550 g/mol |
| Appearance | grey-white powder |
| Density | 5.32 g cm−3[1] |
| Melting point | 649˚C[2] |
| Insoluble in water[1] | |
| -61.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Structure | |
| Orthorhombic, oP16, SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62 (β phase) | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Irritant |
| GHS pictograms | 
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| GHS Signal word | Danger |
| H314 | |
| P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Bismuth chloride |
Other cations
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Bismuth(III) fluoride or bismuth trifluoride is a chemical compound of bismuth and fluorine. The chemical formula is BiF3. It is a grey-white powder melting at 649 °C.
It occurs in nature as the rare mineral gananite.
Synthesis
Bismuth fluoride can be prepared by reacting bismuth(III) oxide with hydrofluoric acid:[2]
- Bi2O3 + 6 HF → 2 BiF3 + 3 H2O
Structure
α-BiF3 has a cubic crystalline structure (Pearson symbol cF16, space group Fm-3m, No. 225). BiF3 is the prototype for the D03 structure, which is adopted by several intermetallics, including Mg3Pr, Cu3Sb, Fe3Si, and AlFe3,[3] as well as by the hydride LaH3.0.[4] The unit cell is face-centered cubic with Bi at the face centers and vertices, and F at the octahedral site (mid-edges, center), and tetrahedral sites (centers of the 8 sub cubes) - thus the primitive cell contains 4 Bi and 12 F.[5] Alternatively, with the unit cell shifted (1/4,1/4,1/4) the description can be of a fcc cell with face, edge, corner, and centers filled with F, and half (4 of) the octant centers with F, the other half with Bi (each octant type tetrahedrally arranged).[4] The edge length of the BiF3 cell is 0.5853 nm.[4]
β-BiF3 has the YF3 structure where the bismuth atom has distorted 9 coordination, tricapped trigonal prism.[6] This structure is generally considered to be ionic, and contrasts with fluorides of the lighter members of group 15, phosphorus trifluoride, PF3, arsenic trifluoride, AsF3 and antimony trifluoride, SbF3, where MX3 molecular units are present in the solid.[6]
Reactions
BiF3 is unaffected by water and is almost insoluble. It does not form complexes readily but the following, BiF3.3HF and BiF4− in NH4BiF4, are known. The addition compound H3BiF6 is hydrolysed by water forming BiOF.[7]
Uses
BiF3 has received research attention as a possible electrode material for lithium batteries and as a luminescence host material for lanthanum-doped phosphors.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/11844.pdf [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ↑ De Graef, Marc, ed., "Appendix 1. Crystal Structure Descriptions", The Structure of Materials, Cambridge University Press, A1-2, A1-11
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Galasso, Francis S. (1970), Structure and Properties of Inorganic Solids: International Series of Monographs in Solid State Physics, Pergammon Press, 3.5. BiF3, DO3, Fm3m, Cubic. pp. 50–51
- ↑ Sólyom, Jenö (2007), Fundamentals of the Physics of Solids: Volume 1: Structure and Dynamics, p. 220, ISBN 978-3-540-72599-2
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN:0-19-855370-6
- ↑ Norman, Nicholas C (1998). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. pp. 88. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA50.
- ↑ Xie, Zhi; Wei, Bin; Wang, Zhongchang (2018-06-01). "Structural stability, electronic structures and enhanced photocatalytic properties of BiF3 nanowires: A first-principles study" (in en). Ceramics International 44 (8): 9623–9632. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.189. ISSN 0272-8842. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272884218305066.
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