Chemistry:Bismuth(III) nitrate
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| Other names
Bismuth trinitrate, Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |
| Bi(NO3)3·5H2O | |
| Molar mass | 485.07 g/mol (pentahydrate) |
| Appearance | colorless, white |
| Density | 2.90 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)[1] |
| Decomposes to form bismuth oxynitrate[2] | |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in acid[2] |
| -91.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
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| GHS Signal word | Warning |
| H272, H315, H319, H335, H411 | |
| P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+352, P304+340, P305+351+338, P312, P321, P332+313, P337+313, P362, P370+378, P391, P403+233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions. The most common solid form is the pentahydrate.[3] It is used in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds.[4] It is available commercially. It is the only nitrate salt formed by a group 15 element, indicative of bismuth's metallic nature.[5]
Preparation and reactions
Bismuth nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth metal and concentrated nitric acid.[6]
- Bi + 4HNO3 → Bi(NO3)3 + 2H2O + NO
It dissolves in nitric acid but is readily hydrolysed to form a range of oxynitrates when the pH increases above 0.[7]
It is also soluble in acetone, acetic acid and glycerol but practically insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate.[8]
Some uses in organic synthesis have been reported for example the nitration of aromatic compounds and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.[8]
Bismuth nitrate forms insoluble complexes with pyrogallol and cupferron and these have been the basis of gravimetric methods of determining bismuth content.[9]
On heating bismuth nitrate can decompose forming nitrogen dioxide, NO2.[10]
Structure
The crystal form is triclinic, and contains 10 coordinate Bi3+, (three bidentate nitrate ions and four water molecules).[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lazarini, F. (15 August 1985). "Redetermination of the structure of bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3.5H2O". Acta Crystallographica Section C 41 (8): 1144–1145. doi:10.1107/S0108270185006916.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 John Rumble (June 18, 2018) (in English). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN 978-1138561632.
- ↑ "Normal Bismuth Nitrate, Bi(NO3)3". http://bismuth.atomistry.com/normal_bismuth_nitrate.html.
- ↑ Mary Eagleson (1994). Concise encyclopedia chemistry. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-011451-8. https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00eagl.
- ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ↑ Rich, Ronald (2007). Inorganic Reactions in Water (e-book). Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-73962-3.
- ↑ Lazarini, F. (1981). "Thermal dehydration of some basic bismuth nitrates". Thermochimica Acta 46 (1): 53–55. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(81)85076-9. ISSN 0040-6031.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Suzuki, Hitomi, ed (2001). Organobismuth Chemistry. Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-20528-4.
- ↑ A.I. Vogel,(1951), Quantitative Inorganic analysis, (2d edition), Longmans Green and Co
- ↑ Krabbe, S.W.; Mohan, R.S. (2012). "Environmentally friendly organic synthesis using Bi(III) compounds". in Ollevier, Thierry. Topics in Current chemistry 311, Bismuth-Mediated Organic Reactions. Springer. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-3-642-27239-4.
| HNO3 | He | ||||||||||||||||
| LiNO3 | Be(NO3)2 | B(NO3)−4 | C | NO−3, NH4NO3 |
O | FNO3 | Ne | ||||||||||
| NaNO3 | Mg(NO3)2 | Al(NO3)3 | Si | P | S | ClONO2 | Ar | ||||||||||
| KNO3 | Ca(NO3)2 | Sc(NO3)3 | Ti(NO3)4 | VO(NO3)3 | Cr(NO3)3 | Mn(NO3)2 | Fe(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)2 |
Co(NO3)2, Co(NO3)3 |
Ni(NO3)2 | Cu(NO3)2 | Zn(NO3)2 | Ga(NO3)3 | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| RbNO3 | Sr(NO3)2 | Y(NO3)3 | Zr(NO3)4 | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd(NO3)2 | AgNO3 | Cd(NO3)2 | In | Sn | Sb(NO3)3 | Te | I | Xe(NO3)2 |
| CsNO3 | Ba(NO3)2 | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg2(NO3)2, Hg(NO3)2 |
Tl(NO3)3, TlNO3 |
Pb(NO3)2 | Bi(NO3)3 BiO(NO3) |
Po | At | Rn | |
| FrNO3 | Ra(NO3)2 | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |
| ↓ | |||||||||||||||||
| La(NO3)3 | Ce(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)4 |
Pr | Nd(NO3)3 | Pm | Sm | Eu(NO3)3 | Gd(NO3)3 | Tb(NO3)3 | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Ac(NO3)3 | Th(NO3)4 | Pa | UO2(NO3)2 | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
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