Chemistry:Myrtillin
Myrtillin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-glucoside of delphinidin. It can be found in plants, most abundantly in black beans, blackcurrant, blueberry, huckleberry, bilberry leaves[1][2] and in various myrtles, roselle plants, and Centella asiatica plant. It is also present in yeast and oatmeal.{{citation needed|date=October 2016} its dark red colour to anthocyanin pigments, of which chrysanthemin, myrtillin and delphinidin have been identified.[3] The various colors, such as red, mauve, purple, violet, and blue in Hydrangea macrophylla are developed from myrtillin complexes with metal ions called metalloanthocyanins.[4]
Biosynthesis and metabolism
Anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase converts delphinidin to myrtillin in plants including Silene dioica and Vitis vinifera. The glucose unit is transferred from UDP-glucose, giving uridine diphosphate (UDP) as a byproduct.[5][6][7]
- REDIRECT Template:Chemical reaction
The enzyme anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside 6-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase from Perilla frutescens produces delphinidin 3-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside from myrtillin and p-coumaroyl-CoA in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.[8][9]
- REDIRECT Template:Chemical reaction
References
- ↑ Bilberry Leaf on florahealth.com
- ↑ "Enzymatic acylation of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) anthocyanins and evaluation of lipophilic properties and antioxidant capacity of derivatives". Food Chem 281: 189–196. May 2019. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.111. PMID 30658747.
- ↑ Sumac on spicesworld.net
- ↑ "Blue flower color development by anthocyanins: from chemical structure to cell physiology". Nat. Prod. Rep. 26 (7): 884–915. 2009. doi:10.1039/b800165k. PMID 19554240.
- ↑ "Reaction mechanism from leucoanthocyanidin to anthocyanidin 3-glucoside, a key reaction for coloring in anthocyanin biosynthesis". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25797–803. 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100744200. PMID 11316805.
- ↑ "Identification and properties of UDP-glucose: cyanidin-3-O-glucosyltransferase isolated from petals of the red campion (Silene dioica)". Biochem. Genet. 16 (11–12): 1045–58. 1978. doi:10.1007/BF00484525. PMID 751640.
- ↑ "Cloning and characterization of Vitis vinifera UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, a homologue of the enzyme encoded by the maize Bronze-1 locus that may primarily serve to glucosylate anthocyanidins in vivo". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (15): 9224–33. 1998. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.15.9224. PMID 9535914.
- ↑ "Molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside-6"-O-acyltransferase from Perilla frutescens". Plant & Cell Physiology 41 (4): 495–502. April 2000. doi:10.1093/pcp/41.4.495. PMID 10845463.
- ↑ Fujiwara, Hiroyuki; Tanaka, Yoshikazu; Fukui, Yuko; Ashikari, Toshihiko; Yamaguchi, Masaatsu; Kusumi, Takaaki (1998). "Purification and characterization of anthocyanin 3-aromatic acyltransferase from Perilla frutescens". Plant Science 137 (1): 87–94. doi:10.1016/S0168-9452(98)00119-8. INIST:2414423. Bibcode: 1998PlnSc.137...87F.
 |  |
