Chemistry:Phosphorus sesquisulfide
| |||
| |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC names
Tetraphosphorus trisulfide
or 3,5,7-trithia-1,2,4,6-tetraphosphatricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane | |||
| Other names
phosphorus trisulfide, phosphorus sesquisulfide, phosphorus sulfide
| |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
| ChemSpider | |||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| RTECS number |
| ||
| UNII | |||
| |||
| |||
| Properties | |||
| P 4S 3 | |||
| Molar mass | 220.093 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | Yellow, yellow-green or gray solid | ||
| Density | 2.08 g.cm3,[1] solid | ||
| Melting point | 172.5 °C (342.5 °F; 445.6 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 408 °C (766 °F; 681 K) | ||
| Structure | |||
| orthorhombic, Schönflies notation D2h | |||
| Pmnb | |||
| C3v | |||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
|
P 4S 10 P 4O 6 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | Irritant | ||
| GHS pictograms | 
| ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 verify (what is   ?)
| |||
| Infobox references | |||
Phosphorus sesquisulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula P
4S
3. It was developed by Henri Sevene and Emile David Cahen in 1898 as part of their invention of friction matches that did not pose the health hazards of white phosphorus.[2][3] This yellow solid is one of two commercially produced phosphorus sulfides. It is a component of "strike anywhere" matches.
Depending on purity, samples can appear yellow-green to grey. The compound was discovered by G. Lemoine and first produced safely in commercial quantities in 1898 by Albright and Wilson. It dissolves in an equal weight of carbon disulfide (CS
2), and in a 1:50 weight ratio of benzene. Unlike some other phosphorus sulfides, P
4S
3 is slow to hydrolyze and has a well-defined melting point.
Structure and synthesis
The molecule has C3v symmetry. It is a derivative of the tetrahedral (P
4) unit from insertion of sulfur into three P-P bonds. The P-S and P-P distances are 2.090 and 2.235 Å, respectively. P
4Se
3 and P
4S
3 adopt the same structures.[1] These compounds can be melted together and form mixed crystals of one dissolved in the other.[4] Under higher temperatures, mixed chalcogenide molecules P
4S
2Se and P
4SSe
2 will form.[5]
P
4S
3 is produced by the reaction of red or white phosphorus with sulfur. Excess sulfur gives phosphorus pentasulfide (P
4S
10). It is estimated that 150 ton/y were produced in 1989.[6]
Applications
P
4S
3 and potassium chlorate, together with other materials, composes the heads of "strike-anywhere matches".[7]
Safety
Its flash point is about 100 °C.[8]
Health effects
Exposure to "strike anywhere" matches containing phosphorus sesquisulfide can cause contact dermatitis, usually in the pocket area but also on the face.[9] Exposure over a long period of time to burning match tips (containing phosphorus sesquisulfide) can result in a recurring severe primary dermatitis about the eyes and face. Loosening of the teeth has also been reported which may have been due to phosphorus poisoning.[10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Leung, Y. C.; Waser, J.; van Houten, S.; Vos, A.; Wiegers, G. A.; Wiebenga, E. H. (1957). "The Crystal Structure of P4S3". Acta Crystallographica 10 (9): 574–582. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57002042.
- ↑ Seyene, H.; Cahen, E. D., "Match Composition", US patent 614350, issued 1898-11-15
- ↑ US patent 614350
- ↑ Burns, Gary R.; Sarfati, Jonathan D. (1988). "Raman spectra of tetraphosphorus triselenide doped in tetraphosphorus trisulphide". Solid State Communications 66 (4): 347–349. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(88)90854-X. Bibcode: 1988SSCom..66..347B.
- ↑ Burns, Gary R.; Rollo, Joanne R.; Sarfati, Jonathan D. (1989). "Raman spectra of the tetraphosphorus trichalcogenide cage molecules P4S2Se and P4SSe2". Inorganica Chimica Acta 161: 35–38. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)90111-7.
- ↑ Bettermann, G.; Krause, W.; Riess, G.; Hofmann, T.. "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_527.
- ↑ Corbridge, D. E. C. (1995). Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology (5th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 115–116. ISBN 0-444-89307-5.
- ↑ Lewis, R.J. Sr (2007). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary (15th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 987.
- ↑ Burgess, J. F.; Forsey, R. Roy (1951). "Contact Dermatitis of the Face Due to Matches". AMA Arch Derm Syphilol (American Medical Association) 64 (5): 636–637. doi:10.1001/archderm.1951.01570110106016.
- ↑ Burgess, J. Frederick (December 1951). "Phosphorus Sesquisulphide Poisoning". Can Med Assoc J (Canadian Medical Association) 65 (6): 567–568. PMID 14886853.
This article contains public domain text from the NOAA as cited.
 |  |
