Physics:Isotopes of indium

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Main isotopes of Chemistry:indium (49In)
Iso­tope Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
111In syn 2.8 d ε 111Cd
113In 4.28% stable
115In 95.72% 4.41×1014 y β− 115Sn
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(In)
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Indium (49In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (95.7%) nuclide (115In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half-life of 4.41×1014 years, much longer than the currently accepted age of the Universe.

The stable isotope 113In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium also have all stable isotopes in lower abundance than a long-lived radioactive isotope, but the discrepancy is not so striking. Other than 115In, the longest-lived radioisotope is 111In, with a half-life of 2.8048 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than 5 hours. This element also has 47 isomers, the longest-lived being 114m1In, with a half-life of 49.51 days. All other meta-states have half-lives also less than 5 hours.

Indium-111 is used medically in nuclear imaging, as a radiotracer nuclide tag for gamma camera localization of protein radiopharmaceuticals, such as In-111-labeled octreotide, which binds to receptors on certain endocrine tumors (Octreoscan).[2] Indium-111 is also used in indium white blood cell scans, which use nuclear medical techniques to search for hidden infections.

Several proton-rich isotopes of indium have been used to help measure the mass of the doubly-magic isotope tin-100.[3][4]

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] 		Half-life
[n 4] 		Decay
mode
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] 		Spin and
parity
[n 8][n 4] 		Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 4] Normal proportion Range of variation
96In 49 47 95.95911(54)# 2016 1# ms
[>400 ns] 		β+? 96Cd 9/2+#
p? 95Cd
97In 49 48 96.94913(43)# 2012 36(6) ms β+ (97.7%) 97Cd 9/2+#
β+, p (2.3%) 96Ag
p? 96Cd
97mIn 400(100)# keV 2018 0.12(7) ms p? 96Cd 1/2−#
98In 49 49 97.94213(33)# 1994 30(1) ms β+ (>99.87%) 98Cd (0+)
β+, p (<0.13%) 97Ag
98mIn[n 9] 820(730) keV 2001 890(20) ms β+ (56%) 98Cd (9+)
β+, p (44%) 97Ag
99In 49 50 98.93411(32)# 1994 3.11(6) s β+ (99.71%) 99Cd 9/2+#
β+, p (0.29%) 98Ag
99mIn[5] 671(37) keV 2023 1 s# 1/2−#
100In 49 51 99.9311019(24) 1982 5.62(6) s β+ (98.34%) 100Cd 6+#
β+, p (1.66%) 99Ag
101In 49 52 100.926414(13) 1988 15.1(11) s β+ (>98.3%) 101Cd (9/2+)
β+, p (<1.7%) 100Ag
101mIn 640(40) keV 2019 10# s β+? 101Cd 1/2−#
IT? 101In
102In 49 53 101.9241059(49) 1981 23.3(1) s β+ (99.99%) 102Cd (6+)
β+, p (0.0093%) 101Ag
103In 49 54 102.9198788(96) 1978 60(1) s β+ 103Cd (9/2+)
103mIn 631.7(1) keV 1997 34(2) s β+ (67%) 103Cd (1/2−)
IT (33%) 103In
104In 49 55 103.9182145(62) 1977 1.80(3) min β+ 104Cd (5+)
104mIn 93.48(10) keV 1988 15.7(5) s IT (80%) 104In (3+)
β+ (20%) 104Cd
105In 49 56 104.914502(11) 1975 5.07(7) min β+ 105Cd 9/2+
105mIn 674.09(25) keV 1975 48(6) s IT 105In (1/2)−
β+? 105Cd
106In 49 57 105.9134636(13) 1962 6.2(1) min β+ 106Cd 7+
106mIn 28.6(3) keV 1966 5.2(1) min β+ 106Cd (2)+
107In 49 58 106.910287(10) 1949 32.4(3) min β+ 107Cd 9/2+
107mIn 678.5(3) keV 1973 50.4(6) s IT 107In 1/2−
108In 49 59 107.9096937(93) 1949 58.0(12) min β+ 108Cd 7+
108mIn 29.75(5) keV 1962 39.6(7) min β+ 108Cd 2+
109In 49 60 108.9071497(43) 1948 4.159(10) h β+ 109Cd 9/2+
109m1In 649.79(10) keV 1966 1.34(6) min IT 109In 1/2−
109m2In 2101.86(11) keV 1965 210.0(9) ms IT 109In 19/2+
110In 49 61 109.907171(12) 1939 4.92(8) h β+ 110Cd 7+
110mIn 62.08(4) keV 1951 69.1(5) min β+ 110Cd 2+
111In[n 10] 49 62 110.9051072(37) 1947 2.8048(1) d EC 111Cd 9/2+
111mIn 536.99(7) keV 1966 7.7(2) min IT 111In 1/2−
112In 49 63 111.9055387(46) 1947 14.88(15) min β+ (62%) 112Cd 1+
β− (38%) 112Sn
112m1In 156.592(25) keV 1947 20.67(8) min IT 112In 4+
112m2In 350.80(5) keV 1976 690(50) ns IT 112In (7)+
112m3In 613.82(6) keV 1976 2.81(3) μs IT 112In 8−
113In[n 11] 49 64 112.90406045(20) 1934 Stable 9/2+ 0.04281(52)
113mIn 391.699(3) keV 1939 1.6579(4) h IT 113In 1/2−
114In 49 65 113.90491641(32) 1937 71.9(1) s β− (99.50%) 114Sn 1+
β+ (0.50%) 114Cd
114m1In 190.2682(8) keV 1940 49.51(1) d IT (96.75%) 114In 5+
β+ (3.25%) 114Cd
114m2In 501.948(3) keV 1958 43.1(6) ms IT 114m1In 8−
115In[n 11][n 12] 49 66 114.903878772(12) 1924 4.41(25)×1014 y β− 115Sn 9/2+ 0.95719(52)
115mIn[n 11] 336.244(17) keV 1939 4.486(4) h IT (95.0%) 115In 1/2−
β− (5.0%) 115Sn
116In 49 67 115.90525999(24) 1937 14.10(3) s β− (99.98%) 116Sn 1+
EC (0.0237%) 116Cd
116m1In 127.267(6) keV 1937 54.29(17) min β− 116Sn 5+
116m2In 289.660(6) keV 1960 2.18(4) s IT 116m1In 8−
117In 49 68 116.9045157(52) 1937 43.2(3) min β− 117Sn 9/2+
117mIn 315.303(11) keV 1955 116.2(3) min β− (52.9%) 117Sn 1/2−
IT (47.1%) 117In
118In 49 69 117.9063567(83) 1949 5.0(5) s β− 118Sn 1+
118m1In[n 9] 100(50)# keV 1961 4.364(7) min β− 118Sn 5+
118m2In 240(50)# keV 1969 8.5(3) s IT (98.6%) 118m1In 8−
β− (1.4%) 118Sn
119In 49 70 118.9058516(78) 1949 2.4(1) min β− 119Sn 9/2+
119m1In 311.37(3) keV 1960 18.0(3) min β− (97.4%) 119Sn 1/2−
IT (2.6%) 119In
119m2In 654.27(7) keV 1974 130(15) ns IT 119In (3/2)+
119m3In 2656.9(18) keV 2002 265(10) ns IT 119In (25/2+)
120In 49 71 119.9079875(33)[6] 1958 3.08(8) s β− 120Sn 1+
120m1In 90.1(26) keV[6] 1958 46.2(8) s β− 120Sn 5+
120m2In[n 13] 90.1(26) keV[6] 1978 47.3(5) s β− 120Sn 8−
121In 49 72 120.9078416(13)[6] 1960 23.1(6) s β− 121Sn 9/2+
121m1In 313.68(7) keV 1960 3.88(10) min β− (98.8%) 121Sn 1/2−
IT (1.2%) 121In
121m2In 2550(100)# keV 2010 7.3(2) μs IT 121In (25/2+)
122In 49 73 121.9103046(13)[6] 1963 10.3(6) s β− 122Sn 5+
122m1In[n 9] <15 keV[6] 1971 10.8(4) s β− 122Sn 8−
122m2In 77.2(15) keV[6] 1979 1.5(3) s β− 122Sn 1+
123In 49 74 122.9104679(12)[6] 1960 6.17(5) s β− 123mSn 9/2+
123m1In 327.21(4) keV 1960 47.4(4) s β− 123Sn 1/2−
123m2In 2078.1(6) keV 2004 1.4(2) μs IT 123In (17/2−)
123m3In 2103(14)# keV 2010 >100 μs IT 123In (21/2−)
124In 49 75 123.9131390(34)[6] 1974 3.67(3) s β− 124Sn 8−
124mIn 24.2(26) keV[6] 1964 3.12(9) s β− 124Sn 3+
125In 49 76 124.9136738(19) 1967 2.36(4) s β− 125mSn 9/2+
125m1In 352(12) keV 1983 12.2(2) s β− 125Sn 1/2−
125m2In 2009.4(7) keV 2004 9.4(6) μs IT 125In (19/2+)
125m3In 2161.2(9) keV 2004 5.0(15) ms IT 125In (23/2−)
126In 49 77 125.9164682(45) 1974 1.53(1) s β− 126Sn 3+
126m1In 90(7) keV 1979 1.64(5) s β− 126Sn 8−
126m2In 243.3(2) keV 2004 22(2) μs IT 126In 1−
127In 49 78 126.9174539(14)[7] 1975 1.086(7) s β− (>99.97%) 127mSn 9/2+
β−, n (<0.03%) 126Sn
127m1In 407.9(50) keV[7] 1975 3.618(21) s β− (99.30%) 127mSn 1/2−#
β−, n (0.70%) 126Sn
127m2In 1728.7(12) keV[7] 2004 1.04(10) s β− 127mSn (21/2−)
β−, n? 126Sn
127m3In 2364.7(9) keV 2004 9(2) μs IT 127In (29/2+)
128In 49 79 127.9203536(14) 1975 816(27) ms β− (99.96%) 128Sn (3)+
β−, n (0.038%) 127Sn
128m1In 247.87(10) keV 2004 23(2) μs IT 128In (1)−
128m2In 285.1(22) keV 1986 720(100) ms β− 128Sn (8−)
IT? 128In
β−, n? 127Sn
128m3In 1797.6(16) keV 2020 >0.3 s β− 128Sn (16+)
IT? 128In
β−, n? 127Sn
129In 49 80 128.9218085(21) 1975 570(10) ms β− (99.77%) 129Sn 9/2+
β−, n (0.23%) 128Sn
129m1In 449.1(59) keV[7] 1976 1.23(3) s β− (96.2%) 129Sn 1/2−
β−, n (3.6%) 128Sn
IT? 129In
129m2In 1646.6(33) keV[7] 2004 670(100) ms β− 129Sn (23/2−)
IT? 129In
129m3In 1687.97(25) keV 2003 11.2(2) μs IT 129In (17/2−)
129m4In 1927.6(33) keV[7] 2021 110(15) ms IT 129In (29/2+)
β−? 129Sn
130In 49 81 129.9249523(19) 1973 273(5) ms β− (99.07%) 130Sn 1(−)
β−, n (0.93%) 129Sn
130m1In[n 9] 66.5(27) keV 1981 540(10) ms β− (98.20%) 130Sn (10-)
β−, n (1.80%) 129Sn
130m2In 385.4(26) keV 1981 540(10) ms β− (98.20%) 130Sn (5+)
β−, n (1.80%) 129Sn
130m3In 388.3(2) keV 2004 4.6(2) μs IT 130In (3+)
131In 49 82 130.9269728(24) 1976 261.5(28) ms β− (97.75%) 131Sn 9/2+
β−, n (2.25%) 130Sn
131m1In 376(3) keV 1980 328(15) ms β− (97.75%) 131Sn 1/2−
β−, n (2.25%) 130Sn
IT? 131In
131m2In 3750(90) keV 1984 322(41) ms β− (88%) 131Sn (21/2+)
β−, n (12%) 130Sn
IT? 129Sn
131m3In 3783.6(5) keV 2009 669(34) ns IT 131In (17/2+)
132In 49 83 131.932998(64) 1973 202.2(2) ms β− (87.7%) 132Sn (7−)
β−, n (12.3%) 131Sn
β−, 2n? 130Sn
133In 49 84 132.93807(22)# 1996 163.0(16) ms β−, n (85%) 132Sn (9/2+)
β− (15%) 133Sn
β−, 2n? 131Sn
133mIn 330(40)# keV 2000 167(11) ms β−, n (93%) 132Sn (1/2−)
β− (7%) 133Sn
134In 49 85 133.94421(22)# 1996 140(4) ms β−, n (65%) 133Sn 7−#
β−? 134Sn
β−, 2n (<4%) 132Sn
134mIn 56.7(1) keV 2019 3.5(4) μs IT 134In (5−)
135In 49 86 134.94943(32)# 2002 103(3) ms β− 135Sn 9/2+#
β−, n? 134Sn
β−, 2n? 133Sn
136In 49 87 135.95602(32)# 2015 86(9) ms β− 136Sn 7−#
β−, n? 135Sn
β−, 2n? 134Sn
137In 49 88 136.96154(43)# 2015 70(40) ms β− 137Sn 9/2+#
β−, n? 136Sn
β−, 2n? 135Sn
  1. ↑ mIn – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  7. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
  10. ↑ Used in medical applications
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Fission product
  12. ↑ Primordial radionuclide
  13. ↑ Order of isomers is uncertain.

See also

Daughter products other than indium

References

  1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. ↑ "Octreoscan review". Medscape. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406655_3. 
  3. ↑ "Precision mass measurements of indium isotopes allow conclusions on the mass of the doubly-magic atomic nucleus of tin-100". 13 June 2012. https://www.gsi.de/en/start/news/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=5195&cHash=d326bd52bf15461efeb8cde717996f3b. 
  4. ↑ "Tin 100 probed by studying its neighboring isotopes, indium 99 and 101 – IJCLab" (in en-GB). https://www.ijclab.in2p3.fr/en/actualite/tin-100-probed-by-studying-its-neighboring-isotopes-indium-99-and-101/. 
  5. ↑ Nies, L.; Atanasov, D.; Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, M.; Au, M.; Blaum, K.; Dobaczewski, J.; H, B. S.; Holt, J. D. et al. (14 July 2023). "Isomeric Excitation Energy for 99Inm from Mass Spectrometry Reveals Constant Trend Next to Doubly Magic 100Sn". Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.022502. 
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 Nesterenko, D. A.; Ruotsalainen, J.; Stryjczyk, M.; Kankainen, A.; Al Ayoubi, L.; Beliuskina, O.; Delahaye, P.; Eronen, T. et al. (1 November 2023). "High-precision measurements of low-lying isomeric states in In 120 – 124 with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap". Physical Review C 108 (5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.108.054301. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Jaries, A.; Stryjczyk, M.; Kankainen, A.; Ayoubi, L. Al; Beliuskina, O.; Canete, L.; de Groote, R. P.; Delafosse, C. et al. (2024). "Isomeric states of fission fragments explored via Penning trap mass spectrometry at IGISOL". Physical Review C 110 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.034326. Bibcode: 2024PhRvC.110c4326J. https://journals.aps.org/prc/accepted/fe077P3cDac1f601a8c16c34b19fb124fc3509f19. 

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