Physics:Isotopes of scandium

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Main isotopes of Chemistry:scandium (21Sc)
Iso­tope Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
44m2Sc syn 58.61 h IT 44Sc
γ 44Sc
ε 44Ca
45Sc 100% stable
46Sc syn 83.79 d β− 46Ti
γ –
47Sc syn 80.38 h β− 47Ti
γ –
48Sc syn 43.67 h β− 48Ti
γ –
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Sc)
  • 44.955908(5)[1]
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Naturally-occurring scandium (21Sc) is composed of one stable isotope, 45Sc. Twenty-six radioisotopes have been characterized from 37Sc to 63Sc, with the most stable being 46Sc with a half-life of 83.76 days, 47Sc with a half-life of 3.3492 days, 48Sc at 43.67 hours, 44Sc at 4.042 hours, and 43Sc at 3.891 hours. All other radioisotopes isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, and the majority of these shorter than 15 seconds. This element also has 13 meta states with the most stable being 44m3Sc (t1/2 = 58.6 h); this is the lightest isotope with a long-lived isomer.

The primary decay mode at masses lower than the only stable isotope, 45Sc, is beta-plus or electron capture, and the primary mode at masses above it is beta-minus. The primary decay products at atomic weights below 45Sc are calcium isotopes and the primary products from higher atomic weights are titanium isotopes.

Scandium-44 has potential medical use for PET imaging.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] 		Half-life
[n 4] 		Decay
mode
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6] 		Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 4] 		Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy Normal proportion Range of variation
37Sc[2] 21 16 37.00376(44) p 36Ca
38Sc[2] 21 17 37.995002(15) p 37Ca
39Sc 21 18 38.984785(26) p 38Ca 7/2−#
40Sc 21 19 39.9779673(30) 182.3(7) ms β+ (99.54%) 40Ca 4−
β+, p (0.44%) 39K
β+, α (0.017%) 36Ar
41Sc 21 20 40.969251163(83) 596.3(17) ms β+ 41Ca 7/2−
42Sc 21 21 41.96551669(17) 680.72(26) ms β+ 42Ca 0+
42mSc 616.81(6) keV 61.7(4) s β+ 42Ca 7+
43Sc 21 22 42.9611504(20) 3.891(12) h β+ 43Ca 7/2−
43m1Sc 151.79(8) keV 438(5) μs IT 43Sc 3/2+
43m2Sc 3123.73(15) keV 472(3) ns IT 43Sc 19/2−
44Sc 21 23 43.9594028(19) 4.0421(25) h β+ 44Ca 2+
44m1Sc 67.8679(14) keV 154.8(8) ns IT 44Sc 1−
44m2Sc 146.1914(20) keV 51.0(3) μs IT 44Sc 0−
44m3Sc 271.240(10) keV 58.61(10) h IT (98.80%) 44Sc 6+
β+ (1.20%) 44Ca
45Sc 21 24 44.95590705(71) Stable 7/2− 1.0000
45mSc 12.40(5) keV 318(7) ms IT 45Sc 3/2+
46Sc 21 25 45.95516703(72) 83.757(14) d β− 46Ti 4+
46m1Sc 52.011(1) keV 9.4(8) μs IT 46Sc 6+
46m2Sc 142.528(7) keV 18.75(4) s IT 46Sc 1−
47Sc 21 26 46.9524024(21) 3.3492(6) d β− 47Ti 7/2−
47mSc 766.83(9) keV 272(8) ns IT 47Sc (3/2)+
48Sc 21 27 47.9522229(53) 43.67(9) h β− 48Ti 6+
49Sc 21 28 48.9500132(24) 57.18(13) min β− 49Ti 7/2−
50Sc 21 29 49.9521874(27) 102.5(5) s β− 50Ti 5+
50mSc 256.895(10) keV 350(40) ms IT (>99%) 50Sc 2+
β− (<1%) 50Ti
51Sc 21 30 50.9535688(27) 12.4(1) s β− 51Ti (7/2)−
52Sc 21 31 51.9564962(33) 8.2(2) s β− 52Ti 3(+)
53Sc 21 32 52.958379(19) 2.4(6) s β− 53Ti (7/2−)
54Sc 21 33 53.963029(15) 526(15) ms β− (84%) 54Ti (3)+
β−, n (16%) 53Ti
54mSc 110.5(3) keV 2.77(2) μs IT 54Sc (5+,4+)
55Sc 21 34 54.966890(67) 96(2) ms β− (83%) 55Ti (7/2)−
β−, n (17%) 54Ti
56Sc 21 35 55.97261(28) 26(6) ms β− 56Ti (1+)
56m1Sc[n 8] 0(100)# keV 75(6) ms β− (<88%) 56Ti (6+,5+)
β−, n (>12%) 55Ti
56m2Sc 775.0(1) keV 290(17) ns IT 56Sc (4+)
57Sc 21 36 56.97705(19) 22(2) ms β− 57Ti 7/2−#
58Sc 21 37 57.98338(20) 12(5) ms β− 58Ti 3+#
58mSc 1420.7(22) keV 0.60(13) μs IT 58Sc
59Sc 21 38 58.98837(27) 12# ms
[>620 ns] 		7/2−#
60Sc 21 39 59.99512(54)# 10# ms
[>620 ns] 		3+#
61Sc 21 40 61.00054(64)# 7# ms
[>620 ns] 		7/2-#
62Sc 21 41 62.00785(64)# 2# ms
[>400 ns]
63Sc[3] 21 42 63.01403(75)# 1# ms 7/2−#
  1. ↑ mSc – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. ↑ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

See also

Daughter products other than scandium

References

  1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dronchi, N.; Charity, R. J.; Sobotka, L. G.; Brown, B. A.; Weisshaar, D.; Gade, A.; Brown, K. W.; Reviol, W. et al. (2024-09-12). "Evolution of shell gaps in the neutron-poor calcium region from invariant-mass spectroscopy of 37,38Sc, 35Ca, and 34K". Physical Review C 110 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.L031302. ISSN 2469-9985. 
  3. ↑ Tarasov, O. B.; Sherrill, B. M.; Dombos, A. C.; Fukushima, K.; Gade, A.; Haak, K.; Hausmann, M.; Kahl, D. et al. (4 September 2025). "Discovery of new isotopes in the fragmentation of Se 82 and insights into their production". Physical Review C 112 (3). doi:10.1103/573p-7fjp. 

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