Religion:Batiniyya
Batiniyya (Arabic: باطنية, romanized: Bāṭiniyyah) refers to groups that distinguish between an outer, exoteric (zāhir) and an inner, esoteric (bāṭin) meaning in Islamic scriptures.[1]
Ismaili Batiniyya
The term has been used in particular for an allegoristic type of scriptural interpretation developed among early Ismaili Shia groups, stressing the bāṭin meaning of texts.[2] It has been retained by all branches of Isma'ilism and various Druze groups as well. The Alawites practice a similar system of interpretation.[2] Batiniyya is a common epithet used to designate Isma'ili Islam, which has been accepted by Ismai'lis themselves.[3]
Sunni writers have used the term batiniyya polemically in reference to rejection of the evident meaning of scripture in favor of its bāṭin meaning.[2] Al-Ghazali, a medieval Sunni theologian, used the term batiniyya pejoratively for the adherents of Isma'ilism.[2][4] Some Shia writers have also used the term polemically.[1]
Sufi Batinyya
When the Islamic world of the Fatimid dynasty entered an Ismaili age in the 10th century, Batinyya became less practiced.[clarification needed] As Ismailism turned into political conflicts, the Ayyubid Kurds began their de-Ismailization of Upper Mesopotamia and beyond, reversing the Fatimid forced Ismailization policies.[5] The Kurdish core of the Ayubid empire itself reverted to Sufi Sunni Islam and appropriated the Batini Ismaili beliefs into Sufi Islam .
See also
- Batin (Islam)
- Esoteric interpretation of the Quran
- Yarsanism
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Halm, Heinz. "BĀṬENĪYA". Encyclopedia Iranica. III. pp. 861–863. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bateniya. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hodgson (1960). "Bāṭiniyya". in Gibb, H. A. R.. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1284. OCLC 495469456. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/search?s.q=B%C4%81%E1%B9%ADiniyya&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&search-go=Search.
- ↑ Daadbeh, Asghar, Gholami, Rahim (2013). "Bāṭiniyya". Encyclopaedia Islamica. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_000000100.
- ↑ Mitha, Farouk (2001). Al-Ghazali and the Ismailis: A Debate on Reason and Authority in Medieval Islam. I.B.Tauris. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-86064-792-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=iD5_3W_oqlYC&pg=PA19.
- ↑ Pruitt, Jennifer. "Method in Madness: Reconsidering Church Destructions in the Fatimid Era". https://www.academia.edu/26861778.
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