Social:Siberian Tatar language

Short description: Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Western Siberia

Siberian Tatar
татарца, тадарца, татарча, тадарча, сибиртатарца, себертатарца tatartsa, tadartsa, tatarcha, tadarcha, sibirtatartsa, sebertatartsa
Native to	Russia
Region	Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk Oblasts (regions)
Ethnicity	Siberian Tatars
Native speakers	150,000
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Kipchak Kipchak–Kyrgyz and Kipchak–Nogai Siberian Tatar
Dialects	Tobol-Irtysh Tatar Baraba Tatar Tom Tatar
Writing system	Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3	sty
Glottolog	sibe1250 kalm1245
Siberian Tatar is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Siberian Tatar (татарца, тадарца, татарча, тадарча, сибиртатарца, себертатарца, tatartsa, tadartsa, tatarcha, tadarcha, sibirtatartsa, sebertatartsa) is a Turkic language spoken by about 140,000 people in Western Siberia, Russia, primarily in the oblasts of Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, but also in Sverdlovsk Oblast. According to Marcel Erdal, due to its particular characteristics, Siberian Tatar can be considered as a bridge between Kipchak and Siberian Turkic languages.

Dialects

Siberian Tatar consists of three dialects: Tobol-Irtysh, Baraba or Tsanakül and Tom or Umar-Tom. According to D. G. Tumasheva, the Baraba dialect is grammatically closest to the southern dialect of Altai, Kyrgyz and has significant grammatical similarities with Chulym, Khakas, Shor, and Tuvan. The Tom dialect is, in her opinion, even closer to Altai and similar languages. The Tevriz sub-dialect of the Tobol-Irtysh dialect shares significant elements with the Siberian Turkic languages, namely Altai, Khakas and Shor.

Although Gabdulkhay Akhatov was a Volga Tatar, he immersed into studying of the phonetic peculiarities of Siberian Tatar language of the indigenous population of Siberia, the Siberian Tatars. In his work "The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Akhatov wrote about Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars, a western group of Siberian Tatars, who are indigenous to the Omsk and Tyumen Oblasts.

In his work "Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Gabdulkhay Akhatov wrote about a territorial resettlement of the Tobol-Irtysh Tatars Tyumen and Omsk areas. Subjecting a comprehensive integrated analysis of the phonetic system, the lexical composition and grammatical structure, the scientist concluded that the language of the Siberian Tatars is a separate language, it is divided into three dialects and it is one of the most ancient Turkic languages. Professor G. Akhatov named Siberian Tatar dialects of Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts dialects of the West Siberian Tatars, while dialects of Baraba and Tom Tatars he named dialects of the East Siberian Tatars.

Some works further differentiate sub-dialects of three aforementioned dialects, breaking them down as follows:

• Tobol-Irtysh Tatar dialect
  • Tyumen sub-dialect (Tyumensky District, Yalutorovsky District, and Nizhnetavdinsky District of Tyumen Oblast)
  • Tobol sub-dialect (Tobolsky District, Vagaysky District, Yarkovsky District of Tyumen Oblast)
    • Eastern Tobol (Tokuz-Uvat) variety (Vagaysky District)
  • Zabolotny sub-dialect (Tobolsky District and Nizhnetavdinsky District of Tyumen Oblast)
  • Tevriz (Kurdak, Kurtak) sub-dialect (Tevrizsky District, Ust-Ishimsky District, Znamensky District of Omsk Oblast, plus some settlements in Tyumen Oblast's Vagaysky District)
  • Tara sub-dialect (Tarsky District, Bolsherechensky District, Kolosovsky District of Omsk Oblast)
• Baraba Tatar dialect (spoken throughout the Baraba steppe)
• Tom Tatar dialect
  • Eushtino-Chatsk (Tomsky District, Tomsk Oblast)
    • Orsk Chat sub-dialect (Kolyvansky District, Novosibirsk Oblast)
  • Kalmak (Yurginsky District, Kemerovo Oblast)

Baraba and Tom dialects of Siberian Tatar language belong to Kyrgyz–Kipchak subdivision of Turkic languages, together with Kyrgyz, Southern Altai, Teleut, and Telengit. Tobol-Irtysh dialect belongs to Kipchak–Nogai subdivision of Turkic languages, which also includes Nogai, Karagash, steppe dialect of Crimean Tatar, Kazakh, Karakalpak, and Kipchak dialects of Uzbek.

Phonology

Vowels

	Front		Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	и /i/	ү /y/		у /u/
Mid	е /e/	ө /ø/	ы /ɤ/	о /o/
Open	ә /æ/		а /a/

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	м /m/	н /n/		(ң /ŋ/)	ң /ɴ/
Plosive	п /p/	т /t/		к /k/	қ /q/
Fricative	б /β/	с /s/	ш /ʃ/	г /ɣ/	ғ /ʁ/
Affricate		ц /t͡s/
Trill		р /r/
Approximant	в /w/	л /l/	й /j/

/ŋ/ can be an allophone of /ɴ/.

Alphabet

Siberian Tatar alphabet and IPA pronunciation:

Letter	Pronunciation	Notes
А а	[a]
Ә ә	[æ]
Б б	[b]; [β]
В в	[v]; [w]
Г г	[ɡ]; [ɣ]
Ғ ғ	[ɣ]
Д д	[d]
Е е	[e]	Also [je] in Russian loanwords
Ё ё	[jo]	Only in Russian loanwords
Ж ж	[ʒ]; [ʑ]
З з	[z]
И и	[i]
Й й	[j]
К к	[k]
Қ қ	[q]
Л л	[l]
М м	[m]
Н н	[n]
Ң ң	[ŋ]; [ɴ]
О о	[ʊ̞]; [o]
Ө ө	[œ]
П п	[p]
Р р	[r]
С с	[s]
Т т	[t]
У у	[u]; [w]	Examples of it making the two sounds: ул – [ul]; уақыт – uaqıt [waqıt]
Ү ү	[y]; [w]	Example of it making the two sounds: күреү – küreü [kyrew]
Ф ф	[f]
Х х	[χ]
Ц ц	[t͡s]
Ч ч	[tʃ]; [tɕ]
Ш ш	[ʃ]; [ɕ]
Щ щ	[ɕɕ]	Only in Russian loanwords
Ъ ъ	[-]	Only in Russian loanwords
Ы ы	[ɤ]; [ɯ]
Ь ь	[ʲ]	Only in Russian loanwords
Э э	[e]	Only at the beginning of a word
Ю ю	[ju]	Only in Russian loanwords
Я я	[ja]	Only in Russian loanwords

Bibliography

• Сагидуллин, Максим (2008) (in ru). Тюмень: Искер. ISBN 9785875911293. 
• Сагидуллин, Максим (2014) (in ru). Тюменский дом печати. ISBN 9785875912368. 
• Сагидуллин, Максим (2010) (in ru, sty). Тюмень: Мандр и Ка. ISBN 978-5930204414. 

External links

• Д.Б.Рамазанова: Древние особенности татарских говоров Сибири. Исследование татарских говоров Сибири имеет долгую и богатую историю.
• ХИСАМОВ ОЛЕГ РИШАТОВИЧ: ТЮРКО-ТАТАРСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ЛЕКСИКА ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ: АРЕАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ
• Сибирскотатарский язык. Малые языки России.
• Information about Siberian Tatar language