Social:Surjapuri language

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Short description: Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
Surjapuri
Deshi Bhasa
গৌড়ীয় ভাষা
'Surjapuri' in Bengali & Devanagari scripts
Pronunciationsjp
sjp
sjp
Native toIndia, Nepal, Bangladesh
RegionBihar, (Kosi-Seemanchal) and West Bengal (Islampur)
EthnicitySurjapuri
Native speakers
2,256,228 (2011 census)[1]
Indo-European
Devanagari, Bengali–Assamese, Kaithi (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3sjp
Glottologsurj1235[3]
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Surjapuri is an Indo-Aryan language of the Bengali-Assamese branch, spoken in Eastern India, in the Kosi-Seemanchal region, including some eastern parts of Purnia division (Kishanganj, Katihar, Purnia, and Araria districts) of Bihar, parts of Uttar Dinajpur district in West Bengal and Goalpara Division of Assam in India, as well as parts of Thakurgaon district in Bangladesh and Jhapa district in Nepal. Among speakers in some regions, it is known as 'Deshi Bhasa'. It possesses similarities with Kamatapuri, Assamese, Bengali, Maithili, Urdu, and Hindi.[4]

Geographical distribution

Surjapuri is mainly spoken in some parts of Purnia division (Kishanganj, Katihar, Purnia, and Araria districts) of Bihar.[5] It is also spoken in West Bengal (some parts of Islampur subdivision of Uttar Dinajpur district and Jalpaiguri division in northern Bengal region), Bangladesh (Thakurgaon District) as well as in parts of eastern Nepal of Jhapa District and Morang District.

Surjapuri is associated with the Kamtapuri language (and its dialects Goalpariya, Rajbanshi and Koch Rajbangshi) spoken in North Bengal and Western Assam,[6] as well as with Assamese, Bengali, and Maithili.

Pronouns

Source:[7][8][9]

Singular Plural
nominative oblique nominative oblique
1st person mũi mo- hāmrā hāmsā-, hāmcā-
2nd person tũi to- tumrā, tomrā tumsā-, tomsā-
3rd person proximal yāhāy yahā- emrā, erā ismā-, isā-
distal wahā̃y wahā- amrā, worā usmā-, usā-

Surjapuri has the oblique plural suffixes: sā (hamsā-, tomsā-) and smā (ismā-, usmā-). They are also seen in Early Assamese as: sā (āmāsā-, tomāsā-) and sambā (esambā-, tesambā-) and their occurrences are similar.[10]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Retroflex Post-alv./
Palatal 		Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop/
Affricate 		voiceless p t ʈ tʃ k
aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ tʃʰ kʰ
voiced b d ɖ dʒ ɡ
breathy bʱ dʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ
Fricative s h
Tap ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant w j

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e ə o
ɔ
Low æ ɑ
  • Nasalization is also phonemic.
  • /i, e/ in medial and initial form are heard as [ɪ, ɛ].[11]

Notes

  1. ↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Toulmin 2006, p. 305.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Surjapuri". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/surj1235. 
  4. ↑ "What are the Surjapuri and Bajjika dialects, and why is the Bihar govt promoting them?" (in en). 2022-09-26. https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/what-surjapuri-and-bajjika-dialects-and-why-bihar-govt-promoting-them-8174150/. 
  5. ↑ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. pp. 146. ISBN 9788170226918. https://books.google.com/books?id=nKqF_AgDd4gC&q=Mithila+India+state&pg=PA148. Retrieved 16 February 2017. 
  6. ↑ The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics. John Wiley & Sons. 15 February 2012. ISBN 9781118257265. https://books.google.com/books?id=zc77I8CMgTYC&pg=PA508. Retrieved 5 March 2018. 
  7. ↑ (Toulmin 2006)
  8. ↑ (Bez 2012)
  9. ↑ Kakati 1941
  10. ↑ (Bez 2012)
  11. ↑ Srivastava & Perumalsamy 2021.

References

  • Bez, Gitanjali (2012). Grammatical Categories in Madhav Kandali's Ramayana (Ph.D.). Gauhati University. hdl:10603/116370.
  • Kakati, Banikanta (1941). Assamese: Its Formation and Development. Gauhati, Assam: Government of Assam. https://archive.org/details/AssameseitsFormationAndDevelopment. 
  • Srivastava, S P; Perumalsamy, P (2021), Surjapuri, http://lsi.gov.in/MTSI_app/DraftReport/Bihar/12.%20SURJAPURI.pdf, retrieved 15 May 2023 
  • Toulmin, Mathew W. S. (2006). Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan (Ph.D. thesis). The Australian National University. hdl:1885/45743.





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