Software:Apple Push Notification service

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Short description: Notification service created by Apple
Apple Push Notification service
APNS Logo.png
Logo
Developer(s)Apple Inc.
Target platform(s)iOS, macOS, Safari
StatusActive
LicenseClosed-source

Apple Push Notification service (commonly referred to as Apple Notification Service or APNs) is a platform notification service created by Apple Inc. that enables third party application developers to send notification data to applications installed on Apple devices. The notification information sent can include badges, sounds, newsstand updates, or custom text alerts. It was first launched with iOS 3 on June 17, 2009. APNs support for local applications was later added to the Mac OS X API beginning with the release of Mac OS X 10.7 ("Lion"). Support for website notifications was later added with the release of Mac OS X 10.9 ("Mavericks").

History

Apple announced the service on June 9, 2008 with an original stated release for that September; however, as stated by Scott Forstall at the iOS 3.0 preview event on March 17, 2009, the rollout was delayed after a decision to restructure the APNs for scalability purposes due to the allegedly "overwhelming" response to the announcement of the APNs. At both events, Forstall stated that push notifications better conserve battery than background processes (which are used in pull technology) for receiving notifications.[1]

APNs was first launched together with iOS 3.0 on June 17, 2009.[2] The release of iOS 5.0 included a Notification Center, adding support for receiving and reading local notifications in a single place.[3]

APNs was also added as an API to Mac OS X 10.7 ("Lion") so that developers could begin updating their third-party applications and start utilizing the service.[4][5] Support was later improved in OS X 10.8 ("Mountain Lion") with the introduction of a Notification Center. As with iOS 5.0, the improvement allowed users to manage and read their received notifications in a single location.[6][7] The release of OS X 10.9 ("Mavericks") included Safari 7.0, which added support for accepting and receiving APNs notifications from websites that the user granted permission to.[8][9]

Technical details

In 2014, the maximum size allowed for a notification payload sent through the binary interface was increased from 256 bytes to 2 kilobytes. In December 2015, a new HTTP/2 provider API was released by Apple, effectively replacing the now-legacy binary interface. The maximum notification payload size allowed using the HTTP/2 API is 4 kilobytes.[10] Apple shut down the legacy binary API at the end of March 2021.[11]

The HTTP/2 provider for APNs uses TCP port 443 as the main port of communication, but developers are also allowed to use TCP port 2197 if outbound access to port 443 is blocked by firewalls.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "iPhone push notification service for devs announced" (in en-US). June 9, 2008. https://www.engadget.com/2008-06-09-iphone-push-notification-service-for-devs-announced.html. 
  2. ↑ "Apple Push Notification Service". Apple Inc.. March 21, 2016. https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/RemoteNotificationsPG/Chapters/ApplePushService.html. 
  3. ↑ "iOS 5: Notifications and Notification Center". Gigaom. October 12, 2011. https://gigaom.com/2011/10/12/ios-5-notifications-and-notification-center/. 
  4. ↑ "OS X Lion v10.7". Apple Inc.. December 8, 2015. https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/releasenotes/MacOSX/WhatsNewInOSX/Articles/MacOSX10_7.html. 
  5. ↑ "Troubleshooting". Apple Inc.. October 1, 2014. https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/technotes/tn2265/_index.html. 
  6. ↑ "Apple Releases OS X Mountain Lion Developer Preview with Over 100 New Features". Apple Inc.. February 16, 2012. https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/02/16Apple-Releases-OS-X-Mountain-Lion-Developer-Preview-with-Over-100-New-Features.html. 
  7. ↑ "OS X Mountain Lion features coming in iOS 6: Notification Center 'Do Not Disturb' toggle, Safari iCloud Tabs, and Mail VIPs". 9to5Mac. June 4, 2012. http://9to5mac.com/2012/06/04/os-x-mountain-lion-features-coming-in-ios-6-notification-center-do-not-disturb-toggle-safari-icloud-tabs-and-mail-vips/. 
  8. ↑ "Safari 7.0 to bring web notifications to OS X Mavericks". Appleinsider. June 28, 2013. http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/06/28/safari-70-to-bring-web-notifications-to-os-x-mavericks. 
  9. ↑ "Now websites can send push notifications — not just apps". Niemanlab. June 10, 2013. http://www.niemanlab.org/2013/06/now-websites-can-send-push-notifications-not-just-apps/. 
  10. ↑ "Local and Remote Notification Programming Guide: Creating the Remote Notification Payload". Apple Inc.. October 24, 2016. https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/RemoteNotificationsPG/CreatingtheNotificationPayload.html. 
  11. ↑ "Updated APNs provider API deadline - Latest News - Apple Developer" (in en). https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=c88acm2b. 
  12. ↑ "Apple Developer Documentation". https://developer.apple.com/documentation/usernotifications/setting_up_a_remote_notification_server/sending_notification_requests_to_apns. 

External links




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