Engineering:Soyuz T-8

Short description: Unsuccessful 1983 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 7

Soyuz T-8

COSPAR ID	1983-035A
SATCAT no.	14014
Mission duration	2 days, 17 minutes, 48 seconds
Orbits completed	32
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	Soyuz-T
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	6,850 kilograms (15,100 lb)
Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Vladimir Titov Gennady Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov
Callsign	Okean (Ocean)
Start of mission
Launch date	April 20, 1983, 13:10:54 (1983-04-20UTC13:10:54Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U
Launch site	Baikonur 1/5
End of mission
Landing date	April 22, 1983, 13:28:42 (1983-04-22UTC13:28:43Z) UTC
Landing site	60 kilometres (37 mi) NE of Arkalyk
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	200 kilometres (120 mi)
Apogee altitude	230 kilometres (140 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Period	88.6 minutes
Soyuz programme (Crewed missions)

Soyuz T-8 was a crewed mission to the Salyut 7 space station in 1983. Shortly into the mission, the spacecraft failed to dock with the space station due to an incident involving an antenna being torn off the craft by the protective launch shroud. After a fuel-consuming attempt made in darkness for an optical rendezvous with Salyut 7 resulted in an abort in order to avoid collision, it was decided to de-orbit T-8 two days into the mission in order to ensure that the spacecraft had a sufficient amount of propellant for the de-orbit maneuver. After de-orbiting, landing of the craft occurred normally.

Crew

Position	Crew
Commander	Vladimir Titov First spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Gennady Strekalov Second spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Aleksandr Serebrov Second spaceflight

Backup crew

Position	Crew
Commander	Vladimir Lyakhov
Flight Engineer	Aleksandr Aleksandrov
Research Cosmonaut	Viktor Savinykh

Mission parameters

• Mass: 6850 kg
• Perigee: 200 km
• Apogee: 230 km
• Inclination: 51.6°
• Period: 88.6 minutes

Mission highlights

Soyuz T-8 failed to dock with Salyut 7 due to problems with the capsule's automated docking system. It was the first failure to dock at a space station since Soyuz 33 in 1979.

Once in orbit, the Soyuz rendezvous radar antenna boom failed to deploy properly. Several attitude control maneuvers at high rates were made but failed to swing the boom out. The postflight inquiry later discovered that the antenna had been torn off when the Soyuz payload shroud separated. However, during the flight, the crew believed that the boom was still attached to the spacecraft's orbital module and that it had not locked into place. Accordingly, they shook the spacecraft using its attitude thrusters in an effort to rock it forward so it could lock.

With FCC permission, the crew attempted a rendezvous using only an optical sight and ground radar inputs for guidance. During the final approach, which was made in darkness, Titov believed that the closing speed was too great. He attempted a braking maneuver but felt that the two spacecraft were still closing too fast. He aborted the rendezvous to avoid a crash, and no further attempts were made. The abortive docking attempts consumed much propellant. To ensure that enough would remain to permit deorbit, the cosmonauts shut down the attitude control system and put Soyuz T-8 into a spin-stabilized mode of the type used by Soyuz Ferries in the early 1970s. The three men returned to Earth after a flight lasting just 2 days, 17 minutes, 48 seconds, and the landing proceeded normally.