Astronomy:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions

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This is a list of the human spaceflight missions conducted by the Soviet space program. These missions belong to the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz space programs.

The first patch from the Soviet Space Program was worn by Valentina Tereshkova,[1] then the same patch for the Voskhod 2, Soyuz 4/5 and Soyuz 11,[2] Soyuz 3 had an official insignia that wasn't worn during the flight,[3] and then in the Apollo–Soyuz program. After that and until Soyuz TM-12 "Juno" flight mission patches had been designed only for international missions.[4]

Vostok program

Mission Patch Launch Duration Landing Pilot Notes
Vostok 1 12 April 1961 1 h 48 m 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin First man in space; first human orbital flight[5]
Vostok 2 6 August 1961 1 d 1 h 18 m 7 August 1961 German Titov First full day in space[6]
Vostok 3 11 August 1962 3 d 22 h 22 m 15 August 1962 Andriyan Nikolayev First simultaneous flight of two crewed spacecraft[7][8]
Vostok 4 12 August 1962 2 d 22 h 56 m 15 August 1962 Pavel Popovich
Vostok 5 14 June 1963 4 d 23 h 7 m 19 June 1963 Valery Bykovsky Joint mission with Vostok 6; longest solo orbital flight[9]
Vostok 6 Vostok 6 patch.jpg 16 June 1963 2 d 22 h 50 m 19 June 1963 Valentina Tereshkova Joint mission with Vostok 5; first woman in space[10]

Voskhod program

Mission Patch Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
Voskhod 1 12 October 1964 1 d 0 h 17 m 3 s 13 October 1964 Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov First spacecraft to carry a multiperson crew.
Voskhod 2 Zvezda Rocket Patch.svg 18 March 1965 1 d 2 h 2 m 17 s 19 March 1965 Pavel Belyayev Alexei Leonov First walk in space.

Soyuz program

First Soyuz missions to Salyut 1 (1967–1971)

Order Mission Patch Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
1 Soyuz 1 23 April 1967 1 d 2 h 47 m 52 s 24 April 1967 V. Komarov Cosmonaut died in crash-landing.
2 Soyuz 3 Soyuz 3 patch.png 26 October 1968 3 d 22 h 50 m 45 s 30 October 1968 G. Beregovoy Rendezvous with uncrewed Soyuz 2, failed docking.
3 Soyuz 4 Zvezda Rocket Patch.svg 14 January 1969 2 d 23 h 20 m 47 s 17 January 1969 V. Shatalov A. Yeliseyev
landing
Ye. Khrunov
landing
Docked with Soyuz 5. Crew transfer.
4 Soyuz 5 Zvezda Rocket Patch.svg 15 January 1969 3 d 0 h 54 m 15 s 18 January 1969 B. Volynov A. Yeliseyev
launch
Ye. Khrunov
launch
Docked with Soyuz 4. Crew transfer.
5 Soyuz 6 11 October 1969 4 d 22 h 42 m 47 s 16 October 1969 G. Shonin V. Kubasov Joint mission with Soyuz 7 & 8.
6 Soyuz 7 12 October 1969 4 d 22 h 40 m 23 s 17 October 1969 A. Filipchenko V. Volkov V. Gorbatko Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 8.
7 Soyuz 8 13 October 1969 4 d 22 h 50 m 49 s 18 October 1969 V. Shatalov A. Yeliseyev Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 7.
8 Soyuz 9 Vimpel 'Diamond'.jpg 1 June 1970 17 d 16 h 58 m 55 s 19 June 1970 A. Nikolayev V. Sevastyanov Cosmonaut endurance test.
9 Soyuz 10 23 April 1971 1 d 23 h 44 m 54 s 25 April 1971 V. Shatalov A. Yeliseyev N. Rukavishnikov Failed to dock with Salyut 1.
10 Soyuz 11 Zvezda Rocket Patch.svg 6 June 1971 23 d 18 h 21 m 43 s 30 June 1971 G. Dobrovolsky V. Patsayev V. Volkov Visited Salyut 1. All cosmonauts aboard died in reentry from asphyxiation.

1973–1977

Mission Order Patch Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
11 Soyuz 12 Salyut program insignia.svg 27 September 1973 1 d 23 h 15 m 32 s 29 September 1973 V. Lazarev O. Makarov Test of redesigned two-person Soyuz craft.
12 Soyuz 13 Vimpel 'Diamond'.jpg 18 December 1973 7 d 20 h 55 m 35 s 26 December 1973 V. Lebedev P. Klimuk Carried Orion 2 Space Observatory.
13 Soyuz 14 Vimpel 'Diamond'.jpg 3 July 1974 15 d 17 h 30 m 28 s 19 July 1974 Yu. Artyukhin P. Popovich Visited Salyut 3.
14 Soyuz 15 Salyut program insignia.svg 26 August 1974 2 d 0 h 12 m 11 s 28 August 1974 L. Dyomin G. Sarafanov Failed to dock with Salyut 3.
15 Soyuz 16 Soyuz 16Apollo-Soyuz.png 2 December 1974 5 d 22 h 23 m 35 s 8 December 1974 A. Filipchenko N. Rukavishnikov Test of redesigned Soyuz craft.
16 Soyuz 17 Vimpel 'Diamond'.jpg 11 January 1975 29 d 13 h 19 m 45 s 10 February 1975 G. Grechko A. Gubarev Visited Salyut 4 (1).
17 Soyuz 18a 5 April 1975 0 d 0 h 21 m 27 s 5 April 1975 V. Lazarev O. Makarov Launch failure, did not reach Salyut 4.
18 Soyuz 18 Vimpel 'Diamond'.jpg 24 May 1975 62 d 23 h 20 m 8 s 26 July 1975 P. Klimuk V. Sevastyanov Visited Salyut 4 (2).
19 Soyuz 19 15 July 1975 5 d 22 h 31 m 21 July 1975 A. Leonov V. Kubasov Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: first docking with American spacecraft
20 Soyuz 21 Salyut program insignia.svg 6 July 1976 49 d 6 h 23 m 32 s 24 August 1976 B. Volynov V. Zholobov Visited Salyut 5 (1), departed early.
21 Soyuz 22 Salyut program insignia.svg 15 September 1976 7 d 21 h 52 m 17 s 23 September 1976 V. Bykovsky V. Aksyonov Earth imaging mission – as of 2021 last flight of a Soyuz spacecraft not targeted for a space station.
22 Soyuz 23 Salyut program insignia.svg 14 October 1976 2 d 0 h 6 m 35 s 16 October 1976 V. Zudov V. Rozhdestvensky Failed to dock with Salyut 5. Near-disastrous landing in icy lake.
23 Soyuz 24 Salyut program insignia.svg 7 February 1977 17 d 17 h 26 m 0 s 25 February 1977 V. Gorbatko Yu. Glazkov Visited Salyut 5 (2).

Salyut 6 to Salut 7 (1977–1986)

Order Patch Mission Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
24 Soyuz 25 Salyut program insignia.svg 9 October 1977 2 d 0 h 44 m 45 s 11 October 1977 V. Kovalyonok V. Ryumin Failed to dock with Salyut 6.
25 Soyuz 26 Salyut program insignia.svg 10 December 1977 37 d 10 h 6 m 18 s 16 January 1978 G. Grechko
launch
V. Dzhanibekov
landing
Yu. Romanenko
launch
O. Makarov
landing
Visited Salyut 6 (1); returned with crew of Soyuz 27.
26 Soyuz 27 Salyut program insignia.svg 10 January 1978 64 d 22 h 52 m 47 s 16 March 1978 V. Dzhanibekov
launch
G. Grechko
landing
O. Makarov
launch
Yu. Romanenko
landing
Visited Salyut 6 (2); returned with crew of Soyuz 26.
27 Soyuz 28 Soyuz 28 mission patch.svg 2 March 1978 7 d 22 h 17 m 0 s 10 March 1978 A. Gubarev V. Remek Czechoslovakia Visited Salyut 6 (3).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
28 Soyuz 29 Vimpel 'Diamond'.jpg 15 June 1978 79 d 15 h 23 m 0 s 3 September 1978 V. Kovalyonok
launch
V. Bykovsky
landing
A. Ivanchenkov
launch
S. Jähn East Germany
landing
Visited Salyut 6 (4); returned with crew of Soyuz 31.
29 Soyuz 30 Soyuz 30 mission patch.svg 27 June 1978 7 d 22 h 2 m 59 s 5 July 1978 P. Klimuk M. Hermaszewski Poland Visited Salyut 6 (5).
30 Soyuz 31 Soyuz 31 mission patch.svg 26 August 1978 67 d 20 h 12 m 47 s 2 November 1978 V. Bykovsky
launch
V. Kovalyonok
landing
S. Jähn East Germany
launch
A. Ivanchenkov
landing
Visited Salyut 6 (6); returned with crew of Soyuz 29.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
31 Soyuz 32 25 February 1979 108 d 4 h 24 m 37 s 13 June 1979 V. Lyakhov
launch
V. Ryumin
launch
Visited Salyut 6 (7). Vehicle returned without crew.
32 Soyuz 33 Soyuz-33 patch.png 10 April 1979 1 d 23 h 1 m 6 s 12 April 1979 N. Rukavishnikov G. Ivanov Bulgaria Failed to dock with Salyut 6.
33 Soyuz 34 6 June 1979 73 d 18 h 16 m 45 s 19 August 1979 V. Lyakhov
landing
V. Ryumin
landing
Launched uncrewed to Salyut 6, returned with crew of Soyuz 32.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
34 Soyuz 35 9 April 1980 55 d 1 h 28 m 1 s 3 June 1980 L. Popov
launch
V. Kubasov
landing
V. Ryumin
launch
B. Farkas Hungary
landing
Visited Salyut 6 (8); returned with crew of Soyuz 36.
35 Soyuz 36 Soyuz36 patch.png 26 May 1980 65 d 20 h 54 m 23 s 31 July 1980 V. Kubasov
launch
V. Gorbatko
landing
B. Farkas Hungary
launch
T. Phạm Vietnam
landing
Visited Salyut 6 (9); returned crew of Soyuz 37.
36 Soyuz T-2 5 June 1980 3 d 22 h 19 m 30 s 9 June 1980 V. Aksyonov Yu. Malyshev Visited Salyut 6 (10); test of new model Soyuz spacecraft.
37 Soyuz 37 Soyuz37 patch.png 23 July 1980 79 d 15 h 16 m 54 s 11 October 1980 V. Gorbatko
launch
L. Popov
landing
T. Phạm Vietnam
launch
V. Ryumin
landing
Visited Salyut 6 (11); returned crew of Soyuz 35.
38 Soyuz 38 Soyuz38 patch.png 18 September 1980 7 d 20 h 43 m 24 s 26 September 1980 Yu. Romanenko A. Tamayo Cuba Visited Salyut 6 (12).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
39 Soyuz T-3 27 November 1980 12 d 19 h 7 m 42 s 10 December 1980 L. Kizim O. Makarov G. Strekalov Visited Salyut 6 (13). Test of first 3-seat Soyuz since 1971.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
40 Soyuz T-4 12 March 1981 74 d 17 h 37 m 23 s 26 May 1981 V. Kovalyonok V. Savinykh Visited Salyut 6 (14).
41 Soyuz39 patch.png Soyuz 39 22 March 1981 7 d 20 h 42 m 3 s 30 March 1981 V. Dzhanibekov Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa Mongolia Visited Salyut 6 (15).
42 Soyuz 40 mission patch.svg Soyuz 40 14 May 1981 7 d 20 h 41 m 52 s 22 May 1981 L. Popov D. Prunariu Romania Visited Salyut 6 (16).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
43 Soyuz T-5 13 May 1982 106 d 5 h 6 m 11 s 27 August 1982 A. Berezovoy
launch
L. Popov
landing
V. Lebedev
launch
A. Serebrov
landing
S. Savitskaya
landing
Visited Salyut 7 (1). Returned crew of Soyuz T-7.
44 Soyuz T-6 mission patch.png Soyuz T-6 24 June 1982 7 d 21 h 50 m 52 s 2 July 1982 V. Dzhanibekov A. Ivanchenkov J.-L. Chrétien France Visited Salyut 7 (2).
45 Soyuz T-7 19 August 1982 113 d 1 h 50 m 44 s 10 December 1982 L. Popov
launch
A. Berezovoy
landing
A. Serebrov
launch
V. Lebedev
landing
S. Savitskaya
launch
Visited Salyut 7 (3), returned crew of Soyuz T-5. Second woman in space.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
46 Soyuz T-8 20 April 1983 2 d 0 h 17 m 48 s 22 April 1983 V. Titov G. Strekalov A. Serebrov Failed to dock with Salyut 7.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
47 Soyuz T-9 27 June 1983 149 d 10 h 45 m 0 s 23 November 1983 V. Lyakhov A. Aleksandrov Visited Salyut 7 (4).
48 Soyuz T-10-1 26 September 1983 5 m 13 s 26 September 1983 V. Titov G. Strekalov Rocket exploded before launch; crew capsule removed by escape system.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
49 Soyuz T-10 8 February 1984 62 d 22 h 41 m 22 s 11 April 1984 L. Kizim
launch
Yu. Malyshev
landing
V. Solovyov
launch
G. Strekalov
landing
O. Atkov
launch
R. Sharma India
landing
Visited Salyut 7 (5). Returned crew of Soyuz T-11.
50 Soyuz-T-11-Mission-Patch.svg Soyuz T-11 3 April 1984 181 d 21 h 48 m 0 s 2 October 1984 Yu. Malyshev
launch
L. Kizim
landing
G. Strekalov
launch
V. Solovyov
landing
R. Sharma India
launch
O. Atkov
landing
Visited Salyut 7 (6). Returned crew of Soyuz T-10.
51 Soyuz T-12 17 July 1984 11 d 19 h 14 m 36 s 29 July 1984 V. Dzhanibekov S. Savitskaya I. Volk Visited Salyut 7 (7).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
52 Soyuz T-13 6 June 1985 112 d 3 h 12 m 0 s 26 September 1985 V. Dzhanibekov V. Savinykh
launch
G. Grechko
landing
Visited and reactivated Salyut 7 (8). Exchanged crew member with Soyuz T-14.
53 Soyuz T-14 17 September 1985 64 d 21 h 52 m 8 s 21 November 1985 V. Vasyutin A. Volkov G. Grechko
launch
V. Savinykh
landing
Visited Salyut 7 (9). Exchanged crew member with Soyuz T-13.
Mission ended early due to Vasyutin's illness.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
54 Soyuz T-15 mission patch.jpg Soyuz T-15 13 March 1986 125 d 0 h 0 m 56 s 16 July 1986 L. Kizim V. Solovyov Visited Mir (1) and Salyut 7 (10).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space

Crewed Soyuz-TM Mir missions (1987–1991)

Order Patch Mission Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
55 Soyuz TM-2 mission patch.jpg Soyuz TM-2 5 February 1987 174 d 3 h 25 m 56 s 30 July 1987 Yu. Romanenko
launch
A. Viktorenko
landing
A. Laveykin M. Faris Syria
landing
Visited Mir (2). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-3.
56 Soyuz TM-3 mission patch.svg Soyuz TM-3 22 July 1987 160 d 7 h 25 m 56 s 29 December 1987 A. Viktorenko
launch
Yu. Romanenko
landing
A. Aleksandrov M. Faris Syria
launch
A. Levchenko
landing
Visited Mir (3). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-2 and TM-4.
57 Mir insignia.svg Soyuz TM-4 21 December 1987 178 d 22 h 54 m 29 s 17 June 1988 V. Titov
launch
A. Solovyev
landing
M. Manarov
launch
V. Savinykh
landing
A. Levchenko
launch
A. Aleksandrov Bulgaria
landing
Visited Mir (4). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-5.
58 Soyuz TM-5 mission patch.svg Soyuz TM-5 7 June 1988 91 d 10 h 46 m 25 s 7 September 1988 A. Solovyev
launch
V. Lyakhov
landing
V. Savinykh
launch
A. Aleksandrov Bulgaria
launch
A. Mohmand Afghanistan
landing
Visited Mir (5). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-6.
Difficulties with rocket firing to leave orbit.
59 Soyuz TM-6 patch.svg Soyuz TM-6 29 August 1988 114 d 5 h 33 m 49 s 21 December 1988 V. Lyakhov
launch
V. Titov
landing
V. Polyakov
launch
M. Manarov
landing
A. Mohmand Afghanistan
launch
J.-L. Chrétien France
landing
Visited Mir (6). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-4 and TM-7
60 Soyuz TM-7 patch.png Soyuz TM-7 26 November 1988 151 d 11 h 8 m 24 s 27 April 1989 A. Volkov S. Krikalev J.-L. Chrétien France
launch
V. Polyakov
landing
Visited Mir (7). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-6.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
61 Mir insignia.svg Soyuz TM-8 5 September 1989 166 d 6 h 58 m 15 s 19 February 1990 A. Viktorenko A. Serebrov Visited Mir (8).
62 Mir insignia.svg Soyuz TM-9 11 February 1990 179 d 1 h 17 m 57 s 9 August 1990 A. Solovyev A. Balandin Visited Mir (9).
63 Mir insignia.svg Soyuz TM-10 1 August 1990 130 d 20 h 35 m 51 s 10 December 1990 G. Manakov G. Strekalov T. Akiyama1
landing
Visited Mir (10). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-11.
64 Soyuz TM-11 patch.png Soyuz TM-11 2 December 1990 175 d 1 h 50 m 41 s 26 May 1991 V. Afanasyev M. Manarov T. Akiyama1
launch
H. Sharman1
landing
Visited Mir (11). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-12.
65 Soyuz TM-12 patch.png Soyuz TM-12 18 May 1991 144 d 15 h 21 m 50 s 10 October 1991 A. Artsebarsky S. Krikalev
launch
T. Aubakirov
landing
H. SharmanUnited Kingdom1
launch
F. Viehböck Austria
landing
Visited Mir (12). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-13.
66 Soyuz TM-13 patch.png Soyuz TM-13 2 October 1991 175 d 2 h 51 m 44 s 25 March 1992 A. Volkov T. Aubakirov
launch
S. Krikalev
landing
F. Viehböck Austria
launch
K.-D. Flade Germany
landing
Visited Mir (13). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-14. The Soviet Union had dissolved by the time the craft returned to earth.

For subsequent Soyuz missions conducted by the Russian Federal Space Agency, see List of Russian human spaceflight missions.

Notes

1 Commercially funded cosmonaut or other "spaceflight participant".

See also

  • List of Progress flights, with all flights of the Progress resupply craft that is based on the Soyuz spacecraft

References