Biology:Cyclin A1
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Cyclin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNA1 gene.[1]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell division cycle. Cyclins function as activating subunits of enzymatic complex together with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns that contribute to the temporal coordination of cell cycle events. Cyclin A1 was shown to be expressed in testis and brain, as well as in several leukemic cell lines, and is thought to primarily function in the control of meiosis. This cyclin binds both Cdk1 and Cdk2 kinases, which give two distinct kinase activities, one appearing in S phase, the other in G2, and thus regulate separate functions in cell cycle. This cyclin was found to bind to important cell cycle regulators, such as Rb family proteins, transcription factor E2F1, and the Kip/Cip family of CDK-inhibitor proteins.[2]
Interactions
Cyclin-A1 interacts with:
- CDC20,[3]
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 2,[1][4][5][6]
- E2F1,[7]
- GNB2L1,[8]
- GPS2,[8]
- MYBL2,[5] and
- Retinoblastoma protein.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Characterization of a second human cyclin A that is highly expressed in testis and in several leukemic cell lines". Cancer Res. 57 (5): 913–920. March 1997. PMID 9041194.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: CCNA1 cyclin A1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8900.
- ↑ "Human p55(CDC)/Cdc20 associates with cyclin A and is phosphorylated by the cyclin A-Cdk2 complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268 (2): 530–534. February 2000. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2167. PMID 10679238.
- ↑ "A distinct cyclin A is expressed in germ cells in the mouse". Development 122 (1): 53–64. January 1996. doi:10.1242/dev.122.1.53. PMID 8565853.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Cyclin A1 directly interacts with B-myb and cyclin A1/cdk2 phosphorylate B-myb at functionally important serine and threonine residues: tissue-specific regulation of B-myb function". Blood 97 (7): 2091–2097. April 2001. doi:10.1182/blood.v97.7.2091. PMID 11264176.
- ↑ "The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases". Nat. Cell Biol. 1 (7): 438–443. November 1999. doi:10.1038/15674. PMID 10559988.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Functions of cyclin A1 in the cell cycle and its interactions with transcription factor E2F-1 and the Rb family of proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (3): 2400–2407. March 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.3.2400. PMID 10022926.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Identification of interaction partners and substrates of the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (32): 33727–33741. August 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401708200. PMID 15159402.
Further reading
- "Evidence for different modes of action of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p15 and p16 bind to kinases, p21 and p27 bind to cyclins". Oncogene 11 (8): 1581–1588. 1995. PMID 7478582.
- "Cyclin A/CDK2 binds directly to E2F-1 and inhibits the DNA-binding activity of E2F-1/DP-1 by phosphorylation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (12): 8420–8431. 1994. doi:10.1128/MCB.14.12.8420. PMID 7969176.
- "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–174. 1994. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- "G2 delay induced by nitrogen mustard in human cells affects cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B1/cdc2-kinase complexes differently". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (11): 8298–8308. 1993. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53096-9. PMID 8463339.
- "A distinct cyclin A is expressed in germ cells in the mouse". Development 122 (1): 53–64. 1996. doi:10.1242/dev.122.1.53. PMID 8565853.
- "BRCA1 proteins are transported to the nucleus in the absence of serum and splice variants BRCA1a, BRCA1b are tyrosine phosphoproteins that associate with E2F, cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases". Oncogene 15 (2): 143–157. 1997. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201252. PMID 9244350.
- "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–156. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- "Cyclin A1 is required for meiosis in the male mouse". Nat. Genet. 20 (4): 377–380. 1998. doi:10.1038/3855. PMID 9843212.
- "Functions of cyclin A1 in the cell cycle and its interactions with transcription factor E2F-1 and the Rb family of proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (3): 2400–2407. 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.3.2400. PMID 10022926.
- "Regulation of meiosis during mammalian spermatogenesis: the A-type cyclins and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases are differentially expressed in the germ-cell lineage". Dev. Biol. 207 (2): 408–418. 1999. doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.9156. PMID 10068472.
- "Cyclin A1 expression in leukemia and normal hematopoietic cells". Blood 93 (6): 2067–2074. 1999. PMID 10068680.
- "Cloning of the cyclin A1 genomic structure and characterization of the promoter region. GC boxes are essential for cell cycle-regulated transcription of the cyclin A1 gene". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (16): 11220–11228. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.16.11220. PMID 10196209.
- "BRCA1 is phosphorylated at serine 1497 in vivo at a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylation site". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (7): 4843–4854. 1999. doi:10.1128/MCB.19.7.4843. PMID 10373534.
- "The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases". Nat. Cell Biol. 1 (7): 438–443. 1999. doi:10.1038/15674. PMID 10559988.
- "A role for cyclin A1 in the activation of MPF and G2-M transition during meiosis of male germ cells in mice". Dev. Biol. 224 (2): 388–400. 2000. doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9776. PMID 10926775.
- "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–1795. 2000. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMID 11076863.
- "Analyses of the genomic methylation status of the human cyclin A1 promoter by a novel real-time PCR-based methodology". FEBS Lett. 490 (1–2): 75–78. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02128-7. PMID 11172814.
- "Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing". EMBO Rep. 1 (3): 287–292. 2000. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMID 11256614.
- "Cyclin A1 directly interacts with B-myb and cyclin A1/cdk2 phosphorylate B-myb at functionally important serine and threonine residues: tissue-specific regulation of B-myb function". Blood 97 (7): 2091–2097. 2001. doi:10.1182/blood.V97.7.2091. PMID 11264176.
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