Astronomy:1775 Zimmerwald

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1775 Zimmerwald
Discovery[1]
Discovered byP. Wild
Discovery siteZimmerwald Obs.
Discovery date13 May 1969
Designations
(1775) Zimmerwald
Named afterZimmerwald
(village; observatory)[2]
1969 JA · 1952 HB2
1952 HD · 1953 TE2
Minor planet categorymain-belt · Eunomia[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc67.20 yr (24,545 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}3.0866 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.1182 AU
2.6024 AU
Eccentricity0.1861
Orbital period4.20 yr (1,533 days)
Mean anomaly148.54°
Mean motion0° 14m 5.28s / day
Inclination12.555°
Longitude of ascending node195.94°
84.725°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions10.17±0.69 km[4]
10.232±0.088 km[5][6]
10.70±2.19 km[7]
11.03 km (calculated)[3]
Rotation period122±5 h[8]
Geometric albedo0.21 (assumed)[3]
0.21±0.09[7]
0.244±0.041[5][6]
0.247±0.035[4]
S[3]
Absolute magnitude (H)12.08±0.31[9] · 12.1[1][3][4][5] · 12.26[7]


1775 Zimmerwald, provisional designation 1969 JA, is a stony Eunomian asteroid and slow rotator from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 May 1969, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland.[10] It is named for the village of Zimmerwald, where the discovering observatory is located.[2]

Orbit and classification

Zimmerwald is a member of the Eunomia family, a large group of mostly stony S-type asteroids and the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt, which is located between two prominent Kirkwood gaps. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,533 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The first precovery of Zimmerwald was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1949, extending the body's observation arc by 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Zimmerwald. During the 1950s, it was also identified at Heidelberg, Goethe Link and McDonald Observatory.[10]

Physical characteristics

Rotation period

In May 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Zimmerwald was obtained by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies, California, using photometric observations taken at the Santana and Goat Mountain observatories (646, G79). Lightcurve analysis gave a very long rotation period of 122±5 hours with a change in brightness of 0.60 magnitude ({{{1}}}). It is also suspected, that the body might be in a nonprincipal axis rotation, which is commonly known as "tumbling".[8] While the slowest rotators have periods above 1000 hours, the majority of minor planets have periods shorter than 20 hours.

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Zimmerwald measures 10.17 and 10.70 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between of 0.244 and 0.21, respectively (without preliminary results).[4][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 – derived from 15 Eunomia, the family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 11.03 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 12.1.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named for the small village of Zimmerwald, location of the discovering Zimmerwald Observatory. It is located about seven miles south of the Swiss capital Bern, after which the binary asteroid 1313 Berna was named.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 April 1977 (M.P.C. 4155).[11]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1775 Zimmerwald (1969 JA)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001775. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1775) Zimmerwald". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1775) Zimmerwald. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 142. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1776. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "LCDB Data for (1775) Zimmerwald". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1775%7CZimmerwald. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U.  (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M. Retrieved 26 January 2017. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T. et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal 152 (3): 12. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Bibcode: 2016AJ....152...63N. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Stephens, Robert D. (October 2011). "Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Sanana Observatories: 2011 April - June". The Minor Planet Bulletin 38 (4): 211–212. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2011MPBu...38..211S. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252572425. Retrieved 26 January 2017. 
  9. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 26 January 2017. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "1775 Zimmerwald (1969 JA)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1775. 
  11. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7. Bibcode: 2009dmpn.book.....S. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp2008schm. 

External links



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