Software:Bard (chatbot)

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Short description: AI chatbot developed by Google

Bard
Google Bard logo.svg Google Bard wordmark.svg
File:Bard screenshot.png
Developer(s)Google AI
Initial releaseMarch 21, 2023; 21 months ago (2023-03-21)
Stable release
2024.02.01 / February 1, 2024; 10 months ago (2024-02-01)
Operating systemWeb app
Available in46 languages[1]
238 countries[1]
TypeChatbot
LicenseProprietary[2]

Bard is a conversational generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by Google. Initially based on the LaMDA family of large language models (LLMs), it was later upgraded to PaLM and then to Gemini. Bard was developed as a direct response to the meteoric rise of OpenAI's ChatGPT, and was released in a limited capacity in March 2023 to lukewarm responses before expanding to other countries in May.

LaMDA was developed and announced in 2021, but was not released to the public out of an abundance of caution. OpenAI's launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 and its subsequent popularity caught Google executives off-guard and sent them into a panic, prompting a sweeping response in the ensuing months. After mobilizing its workforce, the company launched Bard in February 2023, with the chatbot taking center stage during the 2023 Google I/O keynote in May.

Background

In November 2022, OpenAI launched ChatGPT, a chatbot based on the GPT-3 family of large language models (LLM).[3][4] ChatGPT gained worldwide attention following its release, becoming a viral Internet sensation.[5] Alarmed by ChatGPT's potential threat to Google Search, Google executives issued a "code red" alert, reassigning several teams to assist in the company's artificial intelligence (AI) efforts.[6] Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Google and parent company Alphabet, was widely reported to have issued the alert, but Pichai later denied this to The New York Times .[7] In a rare move, Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, who had stepped down from their roles as co-CEOs of Alphabet in 2019, were summoned to emergency meetings with company executives to discuss Google's response to ChatGPT.[8] Brin requested access to Google's code in February 2023, for the first time in years.[9]

Earlier in 2021, the company had unveiled LaMDA, a prototype LLM,[10][11] but did not release it to the public.[12] When asked by employees at an all-hands meeting whether LaMDA was a missed opportunity for Google to compete with ChatGPT, Pichai and Google AI chief Jeff Dean stated that while the company had similar capabilities to ChatGPT, moving too quickly in that arena would represent a major "reputational risk" due to Google being substantially larger than OpenAI.[13][14] In January 2023, Google sister company DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis hinted at plans for a ChatGPT rival,[15] and Google employees were instructed to accelerate progress on a ChatGPT competitor, intensively testing "Apprentice Bard" and other chatbots.[16][17] Pichai assured investors during Google's quarterly earnings investor call in February that the company had plans to expand LaMDA's availability and applications.[18]

History

Announcement

On February 6, 2023, Google announced Bard, a conversational generative artificial intelligence chatbot powered by LaMDA.[19][20][21] Bard was first rolled out to a select group of 10,000 "trusted testers",[22] before a wide release scheduled at the end of the month.[19][20][21] Bard is overseen by product lead Jack Krawczyk, who described the product as a "collaborative AI service" rather than a search engine,[23][24] while Pichai detailed how Bard would be integrated into Google Search.[19][20][21] Reuters calculated that adding ChatGPT-like features to Google Search could cost the company $6 billion in additional expenses by 2024, while research and consulting firm SemiAnalysis calculated that it would cost Google $3 billion.[25] The technology was developed under the codename "Atlas",[26] with the name "Bard" in reference to the Celtic term for a storyteller and chosen to "reflect the creative nature of the algorithm underneath".[27][28]

Multiple media outlets and financial analysts described Google as "rushing" Bard's announcement to preempt rival Microsoft's planned February 7 event unveiling its partnership with OpenAI to integrate ChatGPT into its Bing search engine in the form of Bing Chat,[29][30] as well as playing "catch-up" to Microsoft.[31][32][33] Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella told The Verge: "I want people to know that we made them dance."[34] Tom Warren of The Verge and Davey Alba of Bloomberg News noted that this marked the beginning of another clash between the two Big Tech companies over "the future of search", after their six-year "truce" expired in 2021;[29][35] Chris Stokel-Walker of The Guardian , Sara Morrison of Recode, and analyst Dan Ives of investment firm Wedbush Securities labeled this an AI arms race between the two.[36][37][38]

After an "underwhelming" February 8 livestream in Paris showcasing Bard, Google's stock fell eight percent, equivalent to a $100 billion loss in market value, and the YouTube video of the livestream was made private.[31][39][40] Many viewers also pointed out an error during the demo in which Bard gives inaccurate information about the James Webb Space Telescope in response to a query.[41][42] Google employees criticized Pichai's "rushed" and "botched" announcement of Bard on Memgen, the company's internal forum,[43] while Maggie Harrison of Futurism called the rollout "chaos". Pichai defended his actions by saying that Google had been "deeply working on AI for a long time", rejecting the notion that Bard's launch was a knee-jerk reaction.[44] Alphabet chairman John Hennessy acknowledged that Bard was not fully product-ready, but expressed excitement at the technology's potential.[45]

A week after the Paris livestream, Pichai asked employees to dedicate two to four hours to dogfood testing Bard,[46] while Google executive Prabhakar Raghavan encouraged employees to correct any errors Bard makes.[47] 80,000 employees responded to Pichai's call to action.[22] In the following weeks, Google employees roundly criticized Bard in internal messages, citing a variety of safety and ethical concerns and calling on company leaders not to launch the service. Seeking to prioritize keeping up with competitors, Google executives decided to proceed with the launch anyway, overruling an unsympathetic risk assessment report conducted by its AI ethics team.[48] After Pichai suddenly laid off 12,000 employees later that month due to slowing revenue growth, remaining workers shared memes and snippets of their humorous exchanges with Bard soliciting its "opinion" on the layoffs.[49] Google employees began testing a more sophisticated version of Bard with larger parameters, dubbed "Big Bard", in mid-March.[50]

Launch

Google opened up early access for Bard on March 21, 2023, in a limited capacity, allowing users in the U.S. and UK to join a waitlist. Unlike Microsoft's approach with Bing Chat, Bard was launched as a standalone web application featuring a text box and a disclaimer that the chatbot "may display inaccurate or offensive information that doesn't represent Google's views". Three responses are then provided to each question, with users prompted to submit feedback on the usefulness of each answer. Google vice presidents Sissie Hsiao and Eli Collins framed Bard as a complement to Google Search and stated that the company had not determined how to make the service profitable.[51][52][53] Among those granted early access were those enrolled in Google's "Pixel Superfans" loyalty program,[54] users of its Pixel and Nest devices, and Google One subscribers.[55]

Bard is trained by third-party contractors hired by Google, including Appen and Accenture workers, whom Business Insider and Bloomberg News reported were placed under extreme pressure, overworked, and underpaid.[56][57] Bard is also trained on data from publicly available sources, which Google disclosed by amending its privacy policy.[58] Shortly after Bard's initial launch, Google reorganized the team behind Google Assistant, the company's virtual assistant, to focus on Bard instead.[59] Google researcher Jacob Devlin resigned from the company after claiming that Bard had surreptitiously leveraged data from ChatGPT;[60] Google denied the allegations.[61] Meanwhile, a senior software engineer at the company published an internal memo warning that Google was falling behind in the AI "arms race", not to OpenAI but to independent researchers in open-source communities.[62] Pichai revealed on March 31 that the company intended to "upgrade" Bard by basing it on PaLM, a newer and more powerful LLM from Google, rather than LaMDA.[63] The same day, Krawczyk announced that Google had added "math and logic capabilities" to Bard.[64] Bard gained the ability to assist in coding in April, being compatible with more than 20 programming languages at launch.[65][66] Microsoft also began running advertisements in the address bar of a developer build of the Edge browser, urging users to try Bing whenever they visit the Bard web app.[67] Google is working to integrate Bard into its ChromeOS operating system and Pixel devices.[68][69]

Updates

Bard took center stage during the annual Google I/O keynote in May 2023,[70] with Pichai and Hsiao announcing a series of updates to Bard, including the adoption of PaLM 2, integration with other Google products and third-party services, expansion to 180 countries, support for additional languages, and new features.[71] In a stark contrast to previous years, the Google Assistant was barely mentioned during the event.[70] The expanded rollout did not include any nations in the European Union (EU), possibly reflecting concerns about compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation.[72] Those with Google Workspace accounts also gained access to the service.[73] Google attempted to launch Bard in the EU in June, but was blocked by the Irish Data Protection Commission, who requested for a "data protection impact assessment" from the company.[74] In July, Google launched Bard in the EU and Brazil, added support for dozens of new languages, and introduced multiple new personalization and productivity features.[75][76] An invite-only chatroom ("server") on Discord was created in July, consisting of users who heavily use Bard. Over the next few months, the chatroom was flooded with comments questioning the usefulness of Bard.[77]

Reflecting on Bard's launch in an interview with Wired in September, Pichai acknowledged that Google had been "cautious" to release LaMDA because of "the responsibility that comes with getting it right", complimenting OpenAI for ChatGPT's launch and firing back at Nadella's comment about making Google dance.[78] Google released a major update to the chatbot later that month, integrating it into many of its products through "extensions", adding a button to fact-check AI-generated responses through Google Search, and allowing users to share conversation threads.[79] Google also introduced the "Google-Extended" web crawler as part of its search engine's robots.txt indexing file to allow web publishers to opt-out of allowing Bard to scan them for training.[80] Online users later discovered that Google Search was indexing Bard conversation threads on which users had enabled sharing. Google stated that this was an error and quickly moved to rectify the leaks.[81]

In October, during the company's annual Made by Google event in which it announced the Pixel 8 series and the Pixel Watch 2, Hsiao unveiled "Assistant with Bard", an upgraded version of the Google Assistant which was deeply integrated with Bard, following in the footsteps of Amazon's approach with Alexa.[82] When the U.S. Copyright Office solicited public comment on potential new regulation on generative AI technologies, Google joined with OpenAI and Microsoft in arguing that the responsibility for generating copyrighted material lay with the user, not the developer.[83] Accenture contractors voted to join the Alphabet Workers Union in November, in protest of suboptimal working conditions,[84] while the company filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against a group of unidentified scammers who had been advertising malware disguised as a downloadable version of Bard.[85][86]

Gemini

Main page: Software:Gemini (language model)

On December 6, 2023, Google announced Gemini, a multimodal and more powerful LLM touted as the company's "largest and most capable AI model".[87][88] A specially tuned version of the mid-tier Gemini Pro was integrated into Bard, while the larger Gemini Ultra was set to power "Bard Advanced" in 2024.[89][90] The Wall Street Journal reported that Bard was then averaging around 220 million monthly visitors.[91]

Reception

Bard received mixed reviews upon its initial release.[92] James Vincent of The Verge found Bard faster than ChatGPT and Bing Chat, but noted that the lack of Bing-esque footnotes was "both a blessing and a curse",[53] encouraging Google to be bolder when experimenting with AI.[93] His colleague David Pierce was unimpressed by its uninteresting and sometimes inaccurate responses,[94] adding that despite Google's insistence that Bard was not a search engine, its user interface resembled that of one, which could cause problems for Google.[95] Cade Metz of The New York Times described Bard as "more cautious" than ChatGPT,[96] while Shirin Ghaffary of Vox called it "dry and uncontroversial" due to the reserved nature of its responses.[97]

The Washington Post columnist Geoffrey A. Fowler found Bard a mixed bag, noting that it acted cautiously but could show Internet-influenced bias.[98] Writing for ZDNET, Sabrina Ortiz believed ChatGPT and Bing Chat were "more capable overall" in comparison to Bard,[99] while Wired journalist Lauren Goode found her conversation with Bard "the most bizarre" of the three.[100] After the introduction of extensions, The New York Times' Kevin Roose found the update underwhelming and "a bit of a mess",[101] while Business Insider's Lakshmi Varanasi found that Bard often leaned more into flattery than facts.[102]

In a 60 Minutes conversation with Hsiao, Google senior vice president James Manyika, and Pichai, CBS News correspondent Scott Pelley found Bard "unsettling".[103] Associate professor Ethan Mollick of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania was underwhelmed by Bard's artistic ineptitude.[104] The Times later conducted a test with ChatGPT and Bard regarding their ability to handle tasks expected of human assistants, and concluded that ChatGPT's performance was vastly superior to that of Bard.[105] NewsGuard, a tool that rates the credibility of news articles, found that Bard was more skilled at debunking known conspiracy theories than ChatGPT.[106][107]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Where you can use Bard". Google Support. https://support.google.com/bard/answer/13575153. 
  2. ↑ David, Emilia (July 20, 2023). "The AI wars might have an armistice deal sooner than expected". https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/20/23800755/ai-meta-llama-microsoft-chatgpt-interoperability. 
  3. ↑ Konrad, Alex; Cai, Kenrick (February 2, 2023). "Inside ChatGPT's Breakout Moment And The Race To Put AI To Work". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2023/02/02/inside-chatggpts-breakout-moment-and-the-race-for-the-future-of-ai/. Retrieved February 6, 2023. 
  4. ↑ Vincent, James (December 5, 2022). "AI-generated answers temporarily banned on coding Q&A site Stack Overflow". https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/5/23493932/chatgpt-ai-generated-answers-temporarily-banned-stack-overflow-llms-dangers. 
  5. ↑ Olson, Parmy (December 7, 2022). "Google Faces a Serious Threat From ChatGPT". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/energy/google-faces-a-serious-threat-from-chatgpt/2022/12/07/363d2440-75f5-11ed-a199-927b334b939f_story.html. 
  6. ↑ Grant, Nico; Metz, Cade (December 21, 2022). "A New Chat Bot Is a 'Code Red' for Google's Search Business". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/21/technology/ai-chatgpt-google-search.html. 
  7. ↑ Newton, Casey (May 12, 2023). "How Google is making up for lost time". https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/12/23721037/google-ai-progress-search-docs-starline-video-calls. 
  8. ↑ Grant, Nico (January 20, 2023). "Google Calls In Help From Larry Page and Sergey Brin for A.I. Fight". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/20/technology/google-chatgpt-artificial-intelligence.html. 
  9. ↑ Nieva, Richard; Konrad, Alex (February 1, 2023). "Back At Google Again, Cofounder Sergey Brin Just Filed His First Code Request In Years". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardnieva/2023/01/31/sergey-brin-code-request-lamda/. Retrieved December 31, 2023. 
  10. ↑ Condon, Stephanie (May 18, 2021). "Google I/O 2021: Google unveils new conversational language model, LaMDA". https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-io-google-unveils-new-conversational-language-model-lamda/. 
  11. ↑ Roth, Emma (March 5, 2023). "Meet the companies trying to keep up with ChatGPT". https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/5/23599209/companies-keep-up-chatgpt-ai-chatbots. 
  12. ↑ Kleinman, Zoe (February 1, 2023). "ChatGPT firm trials $20 monthly subscription fee". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-64492750. 
  13. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (December 13, 2022). "Google execs warn company's reputation could suffer if it moves too fast on AI-chat technology". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/13/google-execs-warn-of-reputational-risk-with-chatgbt-like-tool.html. 
  14. ↑ Vincent, James (December 14, 2022). "Google won't launch ChatGPT rival because of 'reputational risk'". https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/14/23508756/google-vs-chatgpt-ai-replace-search-reputational-risk. 
  15. ↑ Cuthbertson, Anthony (January 16, 2023). "DeepMind's AI chatbot can do things that ChatGPT cannot, CEO claims". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/deepmind-ai-chatbot-chatgpt-openai-b2262862.html. 
  16. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (January 31, 2023). "Google is asking employees to test potential ChatGPT competitors, including a chatbot called 'Apprentice Bard'". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/31/google-testing-chatgpt-like-chatbot-apprentice-bard-with-employees.html. 
  17. ↑ O'Brien, Matt (February 1, 2023). "Google has the next move as Microsoft embraces OpenAI buzz". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/technology-science-software-microsoft-corp-business-a7f6f44fdd53730e45daa611555c8c23. 
  18. ↑ Mailk, Aisha (February 3, 2023). "Google tries to reassure investors on AI progress as ChatGPT breathes down its neck". https://techcrunch.com/2023/02/03/google-best-yet-to-come-ai-journey-faces-potential-disruption-openai-chatgpt/. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Alba, Davey; Love, Julia (February 6, 2023). "Google releases ChatGPT rival AI 'Bard' to early testers". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2023-02-06/google-chatgpt-rival-ai-bard-early-testers. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Schechner, Sam; Kruppa, Miles (February 6, 2023). "Google Opens ChatGPT Rival Bard for Testing, as AI War Heats Up". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-opens-testing-of-chatgpt-rival-as-artificial-intelligence-war-heats-up-11675711198. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Nieva, Richard (February 6, 2023). "Google Debuts A ChatGPT Rival Called Bard In Limited Release". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardnieva/2023/02/06/google-bard/. Retrieved February 6, 2023. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Elias, Jennifer (March 21, 2023). "Google CEO tells employees that 80,000 of them helped test Bard A.I., warns 'things will go wrong'". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/21/google-ceo-pichai-memo-to-employees-on-bard-ai-things-will-go-wrong.html. 
  23. ↑ Mollman, Steve (March 3, 2023). "Google's head of ChatGPT rival Bard reassures employees it's 'a collaborative A.I. service' and 'not search'". Fortune. https://fortune.com/2023/03/03/google-chatgpt-rival-bard-sundar-pichai-eassures-employees-tool-not-search-but-ai-companion/. Retrieved March 9, 2023. 
  24. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (March 3, 2023). "Google execs tell employees in testy all-hands meeting that Bard A.I. isn't just about search". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/03/google-execs-say-in-all-hands-meeting-bard-ai-isnt-all-for-search-.html. 
  25. ↑ Dastin, Jeffrey; Nellis, Stephen (February 22, 2023). "For tech giants, AI like Bing and Bard poses billion-dollar search problem". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/tech-giants-ai-like-bing-bard-poses-billion-dollar-search-problem-2023-02-22/. 
  26. ↑ Liedtke, Michael (February 6, 2023). "Google hopes 'Bard' will outsmart ChatGPT, Microsoft in AI". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/technology-science-microsoft-corp-sundar-pichai-business-395b0b94410d9fa3ebb13b14af640e06. 
  27. ↑ Metz, Cade; Grant, Nico (February 6, 2023). "Racing to Catch Up With ChatGPT, Google Plans Release of Its Own Chatbot". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/06/technology/google-bard-ai-chatbot.html. 
  28. ↑ Knight, Will (February 9, 2023). "The Chatbot Search Wars Have Begun". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/fast-forward-the-chatbot-search-wars-have-begun/. Retrieved February 10, 2023. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Warren, Tom (February 7, 2023). "Microsoft and Google are about to Open an AI battle". https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/7/23587767/microsoft-google-open-ai-battle-search-bing. 
  30. ↑ "Google Strikes Back In AI Battle With Microsoft". Barron's. February 8, 2023. https://www.barrons.com/news/google-strikes-back-in-ai-battle-with-microsoft-01675871108. Retrieved February 8, 2023. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Morrison, Sara (February 8, 2023). "Google is scrambling to catch up to Bing, of all things". Vox. https://www.vox.com/recode/2023/2/7/23590069/bing-openai-microsoft-google-bard. 
  32. ↑ Peers, Martin (February 6, 2023). "What Google's AI Catch-Up Reveals". https://www.theinformation.com/articles/what-google-s-ai-catch-up-reveals. 
  33. ↑ De Vynck, Gerrit; Tiku, Nitasha (March 21, 2023). "Google's catch-up game on AI continues with Bard launch". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/03/21/bard-google-ai/. 
  34. ↑ Patel, Nilay (February 7, 2023). "Microsoft thinks AI can beat Google at search — CEO Satya Nadella explains why". https://www.theverge.com/23589994/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-bing-chatgpt-google-search-ai. 
  35. ↑ Alba, Davey (February 8, 2023). "ChatGPT Reignites the Search Wars Between Google and Microsoft". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-02-08/chatgpt-reignites-search-competition-microsoft-bing-vs-google-bard. 
  36. ↑ Stokel-Walker, Chris (February 21, 2023). "TechScape: Google and Microsoft are in an AI arms race – who wins could change how we use the internet". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/21/techscape-google-bard-microsoft-big-ai-search. 
  37. ↑ Morrison, Sara (March 4, 2023). "The exciting new AI transforming search — and maybe everything — explained". Vox. https://www.vox.com/recode/2023/3/4/23624033/openai-bing-bard-microsoft-generative-ai-explained. 
  38. ↑ De Vynck, Gerrit (February 8, 2023). "Investors pummel Google after Microsoft ramps up AI wars". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/02/08/google-bard-chatbot-microsoft/. 
  39. ↑ Alba, Davey; Patnaik, Subrat (February 8, 2023). "Google suffers $144b wipeout after Bard AI chatbot gives wrong answer". The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/google-suffers-140b-wipeout-after-bard-ai-chatbot-gives-wrong-answer-20230209-p5cj3a.html. 
  40. ↑ Miao, Hannah (February 8, 2022). "Alphabet Stock Drops 8% After Google Rollout of AI Search Features". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-02-08-2023/card/alphabet-stock-drops-after-google-parent-introduces-ai-search-features-wgCJG3IDoSbfL3SgyrNI. 
  41. ↑ Coulter, Martin (February 8, 2023). "Google shares dive 8% after AI chatbot Bard flubs answer in ad". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-ai-chatbot-bard-offers-inaccurate-information-company-ad-2023-02-08/. 
  42. ↑ Kan, Michael (February 8, 2023). "No, That's Wrong: Google's Bard AI Demo Spouts Incorrect Info". PCMag. https://www.pcmag.com/news/no-thats-wrong-googles-bard-ai-demo-spouts-incorrect-info. Retrieved February 8, 2023. 
  43. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (February 10, 2023). "Google employees criticize CEO Sundar Pichai for 'rushed, botched' announcement of GPT competitor Bard". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/10/google-employees-slam-ceo-sundar-pichai-for-rushed-bard-announcement.html. 
  44. ↑ Harrison, Maggie (March 7, 2023). "Chaos Inside Google as Execs Try to Figure Out How to Actually Use AI". https://futurism.com/chaos-google-execs-use-for-ai. 
  45. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (February 13, 2023). "Alphabet Chairman John Hennessy explains why Google was hesitant to put out its ChatGPT competitor". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/13/alphabet-chairman-john-hennessy-google-bard-hesitation.html. 
  46. ↑ Maxwell, Thomas; Langley, Hugh (February 15, 2023). "Leaked memo shows Google CEO Sundar Pichai is asking staffers for help testing its Bard AI chatbot". https://www.businessinsider.com/google-bard-chatbot-googlers-sundar-pichai-2023-2. 
  47. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (February 15, 2023). "Google asks employees to rewrite Bard's bad responses, says the A.I. 'learns best by example'". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/15/google-asks-employees-to-rewrite-bards-incorrect-responses-to-queries.html. 
  48. ↑ Alba, Davey; Love, Julia (April 19, 2023). "Google's Rush to Win in AI Led to Ethical Lapses, Employees Say". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-04-19/google-bard-ai-chatbot-raises-ethical-concerns-from-employees. 
  49. ↑ Maxwell, Thomas; Langley, Hugh (February 24, 2023). "Leaked messages show Googlers are taking out their frustrations over layoffs on its new Bard AI chatbot". https://www.businessinsider.com/google-layoffs-bard-chatbot-ai-2023-2. 
  50. ↑ Langley, Hugh (March 13, 2023). "Google employees are already internally testing a smarter version of its chatbot called 'Big Bard'". https://www.businessinsider.com/google-employees-test-smarter-chatbot-big-bard-2023-3. 
  51. ↑ Grant, Nico (March 21, 2023). "Google Releases Bard, Its Competitor in the Race to Create A.I. Chatbots". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/21/technology/google-bard-chatbot.html. 
  52. ↑ Liedtke, Michael (March 21, 2023). "Google's artificially intelligent 'Bard' set for next stage". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/03/21/google-artificial-intelligence-bard-microsoft-chatgpt/f1c60310-c7f0-11ed-9cc5-a58a4f6d84cd_story.html. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Vincent, James (March 21, 2023). "Google opens early access to its ChatGPT rival Bard — here are our first impressions". https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/21/23649794/google-chatgpt-rival-bard-ai-chatbot-access-hands-on. 
  54. ↑ Schroeder, Stan (March 21, 2023). "Google is giving early access to its AI assistant to Pixel Superfans". https://mashable.com/article/google-bard-pixel-superfans. 
  55. ↑ Li, Abner (March 21, 2023). "Google tapping the Pixel and Nest brands to invite people to Bard". https://9to5google.com/2023/03/21/google-bard-pixel-nest-one/. 
  56. ↑ Maxwell, Thomas (April 5, 2023). "Google contractors say they don't have enough time to verify correct answers from the company's AI chatbot and end up guessing". https://www.businessinsider.com/google-search-contractors-testing-chatbot-ai-race-chatgpt-2023-3. 
  57. ↑ Alba, Davey (July 12, 2023). "Google's AI Chatbot Is Trained by Humans Who Say They're Overworked, Underpaid and Frustrated". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-12/google-s-ai-chatbot-is-trained-by-humans-who-say-they-re-overworked-underpaid-and-frustrated. 
  58. ↑ Germain, Thomas (July 3, 2023). "Google Says It'll Scrape Everything You Post Online for AI". https://gizmodo.com/google-says-itll-scrape-everything-you-post-online-for-1850601486. 
  59. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (March 29, 2023). "Google reshuffles virtual assistant unit with focus on Bard A.I. technology". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/29/google-reorganization-in-assistant-follows-bard-launch-memo-says.html. 
  60. ↑ Victor, Jon; Efrati, Amir (March 29, 2023). "Alphabet's Google and DeepMind Pause Grudges, Join Forces to Chase OpenAI". https://www.theinformation.com/articles/alphabets-google-and-deepmind-pause-grudges-join-forces-to-chase-openai. 
  61. ↑ Hollister, Sean (March 29, 2023). "Google denies Bard was trained with ChatGPT data". https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/29/23662621/google-bard-chatgpt-sharegpt-training-denies. 
  62. ↑ Love, Julia; Alba, Davey; Metz, Rachel (May 4, 2023). "Google Is Falling Behind in AI Arms Race, Senior Engineer Warns". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-05/google-staffer-claims-in-leaked-ai-warning-we-have-no-secret-sauce. 
  63. ↑ Vincent, James (March 31, 2023). "Google CEO Sundar Pichai promises Bard AI chatbot upgrades soon: 'We clearly have more capable models'". https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/31/23664426/google-bard-ai-chatbot-upgrades-coming-soon-sundar-pichai. 
  64. ↑ Amadeo, Ron (March 31, 2023). "Google Bard gets better at homework with improved math and logic capabilities". https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/03/google-bard-gets-better-at-homework-with-improved-math-and-logic-capabilities/. 
  65. ↑ "Google Bard can now help write software code". Reuters. April 21, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-bard-can-now-help-write-software-code-2023-04-21/. 
  66. ↑ Korosec, Kirsten (April 21, 2023). "Google's Bard AI chatbot can now generate and debug code". https://techcrunch.com/2023/04/21/googles-bard-ai-chatbot-can-now-generate-and-debug-code/. 
  67. ↑ Marcelline, Marco (April 29, 2023). "Microsoft Edge Now Displays Bing Ad on Google Bard Site". PCMag. https://www.pcmag.com/news/microsoft-edge-now-displays-bing-advert-on-google-bard-site. Retrieved May 6, 2023. 
  68. ↑ Bradshaw, Kyle (February 10, 2023). "Google working to bring Bard AI chat to ChromeOS". https://9to5google.com/2023/02/10/google-bard-ai-chat-chromeos/. 
  69. ↑ Bradshaw, Kyle (May 4, 2023). "Google working to bring Bard AI to Pixel phones as a homescreen widget". https://9to5google.com/2023/05/04/google-bard-ai-pixel-widget/. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Johnson, Khari (May 14, 2023). "The Curious Case of the Missing Google Assistant". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/the-curious-case-of-the-missing-google-assistant/. Retrieved September 12, 2023. 
  71. ↑ Vincent, James (May 10, 2023). "Google drops waitlist for AI chatbot Bard and announces oodles of new features". https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/10/23718066/google-bard-ai-features-waitlist-dark-mode-visual-search-io. 
  72. ↑ Harding, Scharon (May 12, 2023). "Google Bard hits over 180 countries and territories—none are in the EU". https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/05/google-bard-hits-over-180-countries-and-territories-none-are-in-the-eu/. 
  73. ↑ Pandey, Rajesh (May 6, 2023). "Google Bard comes to Workspace account holders". https://www.androidpolice.com/google-bard-comes-workspace-account-holders/. 
  74. ↑ Goujard, Clothilde (June 13, 2023). "Google forced to postpone Bard chatbot's EU launch over privacy concerns". Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/google-postpone-bard-chatbot-eu-launch-privacy-concern/. 
  75. ↑ McCallum, Shiona (July 13, 2023). "Bard: Google's ChatGPT rival launches in Europe and Brazil". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-66187283. 
  76. ↑ Schechner, Sam (July 13, 2023). "Google's Bard AI Chatbot Adds More Languages to Take On ChatGPT". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/googles-bard-ai-chatbot-adds-more-languages-to-take-on-chatgpt-a2acfc5b. 
  77. ↑ Alba, Davey (October 11, 2023). "Even Google Insiders Are Questioning Bard AI Chatbot's Usefulness". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-11/google-insiders-question-usefulness-of-bard-ai-chatbot. 
  78. ↑ Levy, Steven (September 11, 2023). "Sundar Pichai on Google's AI, Microsoft's AI, OpenAI, and ... Did We Mention AI?". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/sundar-pichai-google-ai-microsoft-openai/. Retrieved September 12, 2023. 
  79. ↑ Duffy, Clare (September 19, 2023). "Google rolls out a major expansion of its Bard AI chatbot". CNN Business. https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/tech/google-bard-updates/index.html. 
  80. ↑ Low, Cherlynn (September 28, 2023). "Google will let publishers hide their content from its insatiable AI". https://www.engadget.com/google-will-let-publishers-hide-their-content-from-its-insatiable-ai-202015557.html. 
  81. ↑ Stokel-Walker, Chris (September 27, 2023). "Google was accidentally leaking its Bard AI chats into public search results". Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90958811/google-was-accidentally-leaking-its-bard-ai-chats-into-public-search-results. Retrieved October 3, 2023. 
  82. ↑ De Vynck, Gerrit (October 4, 2023). "Google to add Bard AI to voice assistant, following Amazon". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/04/google-bard-assistant-chatgpt/. 
  83. ↑ Roth, Emma (November 7, 2023). "Google contractors objected to reading obscene Bard prompts — now they're unionizing". https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/7/23950392/google-contractors-accenture-obscene-bard-prompts-unionizing. 
  84. ↑ Brittain, Blake (November 13, 2023). "Google sues scammers over fake Bard AI malware". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/google-sues-scammers-over-fake-bard-ai-malware-2023-11-13/. 
  85. ↑ Birnbaum, Emily (November 13, 2023). "Google Sues Scammers Over Fake Bard AI Chatbot That Downloads Malware". Time (magazine). https://time.com/6334344/google-scammers-fake-ai-chatbot/. Retrieved November 14, 2023. 
  86. ↑ Fung, Brian; Thorbecke, Catherine (December 6, 2023). "Google launches Gemini, its most-advanced AI model yet, as it races to compete with ChatGPT". CNN Business. https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/06/tech/google-launches-gemini-compete-with-chatgpt/index.html. 
  87. ↑ Elias, Jennifer (December 6, 2023). "Google launches its largest and 'most capable' AI model, Gemini". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/06/google-launches-its-largest-and-most-capable-ai-model-gemini.html. 
  88. ↑ Edwards, Benj (December 6, 2023). "Google launches Gemini—a powerful AI model it says can surpass GPT-4". https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/12/google-launches-gemini-a-powerful-ai-model-it-says-can-surpass-gpt-4/. 
  89. ↑ Liedtike, Michael; O'Brien, Matt (December 6, 2023). "Google launches Gemini, upping the stakes in the global AI race". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/google-gemini-artificial-intelligence-launch-95d05d02051e75e20b574614ae720b8b. 
  90. ↑ Kruppa, Miles (December 6, 2023). "Google Announces AI System Gemini After Turmoil at Rival OpenAI". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/google-announces-ai-system-gemini-after-turmoil-at-rival-openai-10835335. 
  91. ↑ Goodkind, Nicole (April 26, 2023). "Google and Microsoft fight over the future of AI". CNN Business. https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/26/investing/premarket-stocks-trading/index.html. 
  92. ↑ Vincent, James (May 10, 2023). "Google needs to stop throwing good money after Bard". https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/10/23710839/google-bard-ai-competition-bing-openai-chatgpt-io. 
  93. ↑ Pierce, David (March 21, 2023). "Google's Bard chatbot doesn't love me — but it's still pretty weird". https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/21/23650472/google-bard-ai-chatbot-hands-on-test. 
  94. ↑ Pierce, David (March 21, 2023). "Google says its Bard chatbot isn't a search engine — so what is it?". https://www.theverge.com/23649897/google-bard-chatbot-search-engine. 
  95. ↑ Metz, Cade (March 21, 2023). "What Google Bard Can Do (and What It Can't)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/21/technology/google-bard-guide-test.html. 
  96. ↑ Ghaffary, Shirin (March 22, 2023). "Google's new AI chatbot seems boring. Maybe that's the point.". https://www.vox.com/technology/2023/3/22/23651093/google-bard-ai-chatbot-microsoft-chat-gpt-generative. 
  97. ↑ Fowler, Geoffrey A. (March 21, 2023). "Say what, Bard? What Google's new AI gets right, wrong and weird.". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/03/21/google-bard/. 
  98. ↑ Ortiz, Sabrina (March 22, 2023). "I tested Google Bard. It was surprising -- in a bad way". https://www.zdnet.com/article/i-tested-google-bard-it-was-surprising-in-a-bad-way/. 
  99. ↑ Goode, Lauren (March 30, 2023). "Review: We Put ChatGPT, Bing Chat, and Bard to the Test". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/review-ai-chatbots-bing-bard-chat-gpt/. Retrieved October 3, 2023. 
  100. ↑ Roose, Kevin (September 20, 2023). "Google's Bard Just Got More Powerful. It's Still Erratic.". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/20/technology/google-bard-extensions.html. 
  101. ↑ Varanasi, Lakshmi (September 24, 2023). "I tried Google's new Bard Extensions feature which integrates with apps like Gmail. The AI assistant isn't perfect, but it has one clear strength.". https://www.businessinsider.com/i-tried-bard-extensions-ai-assistant-gmail-google-docs-2023-9. 
  102. ↑ Pelley, Scott (April 16, 2023). "Is artificial intelligence advancing too quickly? What AI leaders at Google say". CBC News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-artificial-intelligence-future-60-minutes-transcript-2023-04-16/. 
  103. ↑ Chowdhury, Hasan (March 23, 2023). "Google Bard is already behind in the AI wars with OpenAI and Microsoft". https://www.businessinsider.com/testers-say-google-bard-worse-than-chatgpt-2023-3. 
  104. ↑ Chen, Brian X. (March 29, 2023). "How ChatGPT and Bard Performed as My Executive Assistants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/29/technology/personaltech/ai-chatgpt-google-bard-assistant.html. 
  105. ↑ Alba, Davey (April 4, 2023). "Google's Bard Writes Convincingly About Known Conspiracy Theories". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-04/google-s-bard-writes-convincingly-about-known-conspiracy-theories. 
  106. ↑ Faguy, Ana. "Google Warns Employees About Chatbots—Including Its Own Bard—Out Of Privacy Concerns, Report Says" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/anafaguy/2023/06/15/google-warns-employees-about-chatbots-including-its-own-bard-out-of-privacy-concerns-report-says/. 

Further reading

External links



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