Engineering:SpiNNaker

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SpiNNaker: Spiking Neural Network Architecture
Spinn 1m pano.jpg
The SpiNNaker 1 million core machine assembled at the University of Manchester
DeveloperSteve Furber
Product familyManchester computers
TypeNeuromorphic
Release date2019
CPUARM968E-S @ 200 MHz
Memory7 TB
SuccessorSpiNNaker 2[1]
Websiteapt.cs.manchester.ac.uk/projects/SpiNNaker/

SpiNNaker (Spiking Neural Network Architecture) is a massively parallel, manycore supercomputer architecture designed by the Advanced Processor Technologies Research Group (APT) at the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester.[2] It is composed of 57,600 ARM9 processors (specifically ARM968), each with 18 cores and 128 MB of mobile DDR SDRAM, totalling 1,036,800 cores and over 7 TB of RAM.[3] The computing platform is based on spiking neural networks, useful in simulating the human brain (see Human Brain Project).[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

The completed design is housed in 10 19-inch racks, with each rack holding over 100,000 cores.[13] The cards holding the chips are held in 5 blade enclosures, and each core emulates 1000 Neurons.[13] In total, the goal is to simulate the behavior of aggregates of up to a billion neurons in real time.[14] This machine requires about 100 kW from a 240 V supply and an air-conditioned environment.[15]

SpiNNaker is being used as one component of the neuromorphic computing platform for the Human Brain Project.[16][17]

On 14 October 2018 the HBP announced that the million core milestone had been achieved.[18][19]

On 24 September 2019 HBP announced that a 8 million euro grant, that will fund construction of the second generation machine, (called spincloud) has been given to TU Dresden.[20]

References

  1. ↑ Yan, Yexin; Kappel, David; Neumarker, Felix; Partzsch, Johannes; Vogginger, Bernhard; Hoppner, Sebastian; Furber, Steve; Maass, Wolfgang et al. (2019). "Efficient Reward-Based Structural Plasticity on a SpiNNaker 2 Prototype". IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 13 (3): 579–591. doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2906401. ISSN 1932-4545. PMID 30932847. Bibcode: 2019arXiv190308500Y. 
  2. ↑ Advanced Processor Technologies Research Group
  3. ↑ "SpiNNaker Project - The SpiNNaker Chip" (in en). http://apt.cs.manchester.ac.uk/projects/SpiNNaker/SpiNNchip/. 
  4. ↑ SpiNNaker Home Page, University of Manchester, http://apt.cs.manchester.ac.uk/projects/SpiNNaker/, retrieved 11 June 2012 
  5. ↑ Furber, S. B.; Galluppi, F.; Temple, S.; Plana, L. A. (2014). "The SpiNNaker Project". Proceedings of the IEEE 102 (5): 652–665. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2014.2304638. 
  6. ↑ Xin Jin; Furber, S. B.; Woods, J. V. (2008). "Efficient modelling of spiking neural networks on a scalable chip multiprocessor". 2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence). pp. 2812–2819. doi:10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634194. ISBN 978-1-4244-1820-6. 
  7. ↑ A million ARM cores to host brain simulator News article on the project in the EE Times
  8. ↑ Temple, S.; Furber, S. (2007). "Neural systems engineering". Journal of the Royal Society Interface 4 (13): 193–206. doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0177. PMID 17251143.  A manifesto for the SpiNNaker project, surveying and reviewing the general level of understanding of brain function and approaches to building computer modelof the brain.
  9. ↑ Plana, L. A.; Furber, S. B.; Temple, S.; Khan, M.; Shi, Y.; Wu, J.; Yang, S. (2007). "A GALS Infrastructure for a Massively Parallel Multiprocessor". IEEE Design & Test of Computers 24 (5): 454. doi:10.1109/MDT.2007.149.  A description of the Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous (GALS) nature of SpiNNaker, with an overview of the asynchronous communications hardware designed to transmit neural 'spikes' between processors.
  10. ↑ Navaridas, J.; Luján, M.; Miguel-Alonso, J.; Plana, L. A.; Furber, S. (2009). "Understanding the interconnection network of SpiNNaker". Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Conference on Supercomputing - ICS '09. pp. 286. doi:10.1145/1542275.1542317. ISBN 9781605584980.  Modelling and analysis of the SpiNNaker interconnect in a million-core machine, showing the suitability of the packet-switched network for large-scale spiking neural network simulation.
  11. ↑ Rast, A.; Galluppi, F.; Davies, S.; Plana, L.; Patterson, C.; Sharp, T.; Lester, D.; Furber, S. (2011). "Concurrent heterogeneous neural model simulation on real-time neuromimetic hardware". Neural Networks 24 (9): 961–978. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2011.06.014. PMID 21778034.  A demonstration of SpiNNaker's ability to simulate different neural models (simultaneously, if necessary) in contrast to other neuromorphic hardware.
  12. ↑ Sharp, T.; Galluppi, F.; Rast, A.; Furber, S. (2012). "Power-efficient simulation of detailed cortical microcircuits on SpiNNaker". Journal of Neuroscience Methods 210 (1): 110–118. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.03.001. PMID 22465805.  Four-chip, real-time simulation of a four-million-synapse cortical circuit, showing the extreme energy efficiency of the SpiNNaker architecture
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Video interview by computerphile with Steve Furber
  14. ↑ "SpiNNaker Project - Architectural Overview" (in en). http://apt.cs.manchester.ac.uk/projects/SpiNNaker/architecture/. 
  15. ↑ "SpiNNaker Project - Boards and Machines" (in en). http://apt.cs.manchester.ac.uk/projects/SpiNNaker/hardware/. 
  16. ↑ Calimera, A; Macii, E; Poncino, M (2013). "The Human Brain Project and neuromorphic computing". Functional Neurology 28 (3): 191–6. PMID 24139655. 
  17. ↑ Monroe, D. (2014). "Neuromorphic computing gets ready for the (really) big time". Communications of the ACM 57 (6): 13–15. doi:10.1145/2601069. 
  18. ↑ "SpiNNaker brain simulation project hits one million cores on a single machine" (in en). https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/news/spinnaker-brain-simulation-project-hits-one-million-cores-single-machine/. 
  19. ↑ Petrut Bogdan (2018-10-14), SpiNNaker: 1 million core neuromorphic platform, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3MlOAru6Qk, retrieved 2018-10-19 
  20. ↑ "Second Generation SpiNNaker Neuromorphic Supercomputer to be Built at TU Dresden - News". https://www.humanbrainproject.eu/en/follow-hbp/news/second-generation-spinnaker-neurorphic-supercomputer-to-be-built-at-tu-dresden/. 




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