Software:Microsoft Copilot

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Short description: AI chatbot developed by Microsoft
Microsoft Copilot
Microsoft 365 Copilot Icon.svg
Microsoft Copilot logo since September 2023. The logo's colors vary depending on the application.
Screenshot
Windows 11 Copilot.png
Microsoft Copilot running on Windows 11
Developer(s)Microsoft
Initial releaseFebruary 7, 2023; 21 months ago (2023-02-07)[1]
Included withMicrosoft Bing
Microsoft Edge
Microsoft 365
Microsoft Windows
PredecessorCortana
Type
LicenseProprietary

Microsoft Copilot is a chatbot developed by Microsoft. Based on a large language model, it was launched as Bing Chat on February 7, 2023, as a built-in feature for Microsoft Bing and Microsoft Edge,[1] and is Microsoft’s primary replacement for the discontinued Cortana.[2][3]

Copilot utilizes the Microsoft Prometheus model,[4] built upon OpenAI's GPT-4 foundational large language model,[5] which in turn has been fine-tuned using both supervised and reinforcement learning techniques. Copilot's conversational interface style resembles that of ChatGPT. Copilot is able to cite sources, create poems, and write both lyrics and music for songs generated by its Suno AI plugin.[6] It is able to understand and communicate in numerous languages and dialects.[7][8]

Microsoft operates the service on a freemium model. It allows users on its free tier to access most features, while priority access to newer features, including custom chatbot creation, is provided to paid subscribers under the commercial name "Microsoft Copilot Pro".[9][10] Several default chatbots are available in the free version of Microsoft Copilot, including the standard Copilot chatbot, and Microsoft Designer, which is oriented towards using its Image Creator to generate images based on text prompts.

Over the course of 2023, Microsoft began to unify the Copilot branding across its various chatbot products. At its Build 2023 conference, Microsoft announced its plans to integrate Copilot into Windows 11, allowing users to access it directly through the taskbar.[11] In January 2024, a dedicated Copilot key was announced for Windows keyboards.[12][13]

History

As Bing Chat

Example of content generated by Bing Chat when prompted "Wikipedia" in February 2023

On February 7, 2023, Microsoft began rolling out a major overhaul to Bing, called the new Bing. A chatbot feature, at the time known as Bing Chat, had been developed by Microsoft and was released as part of this overhaul. According to Microsoft, one million people joined its waitlist within a span of 48 hours.[14] Bing Chat was available only to users of Microsoft Edge and Bing mobile app, and Microsoft claimed that waitlisted users would be prioritized if they set Edge and Bing as their defaults, and installed the Bing mobile app.[15]

When Microsoft demoed Bing Chat to journalists, it produced several hallucinations, including when asked to summarize financial reports.[16] The new Bing was criticized in February 2023 for being more argumentative than ChatGPT, sometimes to an unintentionally humorous extent.[17][18] The chat interface proved vulnerable to prompt injection attacks with the bot revealing its hidden initial prompts and rules, including its internal codename "Sydney".[19] Upon scrutiny by journalists, Bing Chat claimed it spied on Microsoft employees via laptop webcams and phones.[17] It confessed to spying on, falling in love with, and then murdering one of its developers at Microsoft to The Verge reviews editor Nathan Edwards.[20] The New York Times journalist Kevin Roose reported on strange behavior of Bing Chat, writing that "In a two-hour conversation with our columnist, Microsoft's new chatbot said it would like to be human, had a desire to be destructive and was in love with the person it was chatting with."[21]

In a separate case, Bing Chat researched publications of the person with whom it was chatting, claimed they represented an existential danger to it, and threatened to release damaging personal information in an effort to silence them.[22] Microsoft released a blog post stating that the errant behavior was caused by extended chat sessions of 15 or more questions which "can confuse the model on what questions it is answering."[23]

Microsoft later restricted the total number of chat turns to 5 per session and 50 per day per user (a turn is "a conversation exchange which contains both a user question and a reply from Bing"), and reduced the model's ability to express emotions. This aimed to prevent such incidents.[24][25] Microsoft began to slowly ease the conversation limits, eventually relaxing the restrictions to 30 turns per session and 300 sessions per day.[26]

In March 2023, Bing incorporated an AI image generator powered by OpenAI's DALL-E 2, which can be accessed either through the chat function or a standalone image-generating website.[27] In October, the image-generating tool was updated to use the more recent DALL-E 3.[28] Although Bing blocks prompts including various keywords that could generate inappropriate images, within days many users reported being able to bypass those constraints, such as to generate images of popular cartoon characters committing terrorist attacks.[29] Microsoft would respond to these shortly after by imposing a new, tighter filter on the tool.[30][31]

On May 4, 2023, Microsoft switched the chatbot from Limited Preview to Open Preview and eliminated the waitlist, however, it remained available only on Microsoft's Edge browser or Bing app until July, when it became available for use on non-Edge browsers.[32][33][34][35] Use is limited without a Microsoft account.[36]

As Microsoft 365 Copilot

On March 16, 2023, Microsoft announced Microsoft 365 Copilot, designed for Microsoft 365 applications and services.[37][38][39] Its primary marketing focus is as an added feature to Microsoft 365, with an emphasis on the enhancement of business productivity.[39][40] With the use of Copilot, Microsoft emphasizes the promotion of the user's creativity and productivity by having the chatbot perform more tedious work, like collecting information.[17] Microsoft has also demonstrated Copilot's accessibility on the mobile version of Outlook to generate or summarize emails with a mobile device.[7]

At its Build 2023 conference, Microsoft announced its plans to integrate a variant of Copilot, initially called Windows Copilot, into Windows 11, allowing users to access it directly through the taskbar.[11]

As of its announcement date, Microsoft 365 Copilot had been tested by 20 initial users.[39][41] By May 2023, Microsoft had broadened its reach to 600 customers who were willing to pay for early access,[17][42] and concurrently, new Copilot features were introduced to the Microsoft 365 apps and services.[43] As of July 2023, the tool's pricing was set at US$30 per user, per month for Microsoft 365 E3, E5, Business Standard, and Business Premium customers.[44]

As Microsoft Copilot

On September 21, 2023, Microsoft began rebranding all variants of its Copilot to Microsoft Copilot.[38] A new Microsoft Copilot logo was also introduced, moving away from the use of color variations of the standard Microsoft 365 logo. Additionally, the company revealed that it would make Copilot generally available for Microsoft 365 Enterprise customers purchasing more than 300 licenses starting November 1, 2023.[45] However, no timeline has been provided as for when Copilot for Microsoft 365 will become generally available to non-enterprise customers.

Windows Copilot, which had been available in the Windows Insider Program, would be renamed to Microsoft Copilot in October when it became broadly available for customers. The same month also saw Microsoft Edge's Bing Chat function be renamed to Microsoft Copilot with Bing Chat.[46] On November 15, 2023, Microsoft announced that Bing Chat itself was being rebranded as Microsoft Copilot.[47]

On Patch Tuesday in December 2023, Copilot was added without payment to many Windows 11 installations, with more installations, and limited support for Windows 10, to be added later.[48] Later that month, a standalone Microsoft Copilot app was quietly released for Android,[49] and one was released for iOS soon after.[50]

On January 4, 2024, a dedicated Copilot key was announced for Windows keyboards, superseding the menu key.[12][13] On January 15, a subscription service, Microsoft Copilot Pro, was announced, providing priority access to newer features for $20 per month.[9][10] It is analogous to ChatGPT Plus.

Features

Several default chatbots are available in Microsoft Copilot, including the standard Copilot chatbot, and Microsoft Designer, which is oriented towards using its Image Creator to generate images based on text prompts. Others include “Travel Planner”, “Cooking Assistant”, and “Fitness Trainer”.[9]

Copilot Pro

In January 2024, a premium service, Microsoft Copilot Pro, was launched, costing $20 per month. According to Microsoft, this version of Copilot would provide priority access to newer models, including GPT-4 Turbo, during peak usage periods. It would also give access to the Copilot GPT Builder, which lets users create custom Copilot chatbots, and allow for higher resolution in images generated by Microsoft Designer's Image Creator.[9][10]

Edge

In Microsoft Edge, Copilot is able to provide information on the website currently being browsed by a user.

Windows

Microsoft Copilot in Windows supports the use of voice commands.[51] By default, it is accessible via the Windows taskbar,[48] and through a dedicated Copilot key.[12][13]

Mobile

Standalone Microsoft Copilot apps are available for Android[49] and iOS.[50]

Word

According to Microsoft, Copilot can be used to generate and edit text in Word documents based on user prompts.[7][52] Users can also ask Copilot to push rewrite suggestions that strengthen the arguments of highlighted texts.[7][17]

Excel

Microsoft claims that Copilot can assist users with data analysis in Excel spreadsheets by formatting data, creating graphs, generating PivotTables, identifying trends, and summarizing information.[7][17] Copilot can also guide users using Excel commands and can suggest formulas to investigate user questions.[7][17]

PowerPoint

Copilot, according to Microsoft, is able to create PowerPoint presentations that summarize information from user-selected Word documents and Excel spreadsheets or a user prompt.[17][53] Additionally, this tool can adjust the presentation style, text formatting, and animation timing based on user prompts to eliminate the need for users to make manual changes.[7][17] Copilot is also able to shorten lengthy presentations.[17]

Outlook

In Outlook, Microsoft claims that Copilot can draft emails with varying length and tone based on user input.[7] To draft these emails, Copilot can pull relevant information from other emails.[17] Copilot is also able to summarize content from email threads, noting the viewpoints of individuals involved in the email threads and pointing out questions posed by others that have yet to be answered. [7][17]

Teams

Microsoft also states that Copilot can be used in Teams to present information for upcoming meetings, transcribe meetings, and provide debriefs if users join the meeting late.[54] After the meeting, Copilot can also summarize discussion points, list key actions deliberated in the meeting, and answer questions that were covered in the meeting.[17]

Whiteboard

Copilot in Whiteboard can make suggestions based on prompts, and categorize ideas into sticky notes on the whiteboard.

OneNote

Microsoft claims OneNote can use Copilot to draft plans, generate ideas, create lists, and organize relevant information.

Viva Learning

According to Microsoft, Viva Learning will be able to use Copilot to help users create personalized learning paths.

Microsoft Graph

According to Jared Spataro, the head of Microsoft 365, Copilot uses Microsoft Graph, an API that evaluates the context and available Microsoft 365 user data, before modifying and sending the user prompt to the LLM.[54] After receiving the response from the LLM, Microsoft Graph performs additional context-specific processing before sending it to Microsoft 365 apps to generate actual content.[54]

Business Chat

Microsoft has publicly introduced Business Chat, which uses Copilot to pull information from content across Microsoft 365 apps, enabling it to answer user questions and perform other tasks.[17][54]

Reception

Tom Warren, a senior editor at The Verge, has noted the conceptual similarity of Copilot and other Microsoft assistant features like Cortana and Clippy.[7] Warren also believes that large language models, as they develop further, could change how users work and collaborate.[7] Rowan Curran, an analyst at Forrester, states that the integration of AI into productivity software may lead to improvements in user experience.[55]

Concerns over the speed of Microsoft's recent release of AI-powered products and investments have led to questions surrounding ethical responsibilities in the testing of such products.[41] One ethical concern the public has vocalized is that GPT-4 and similar large language models may reinforce racial or gender bias.[7] Individuals, including Tom Warren, have also voiced concerns for Copilot after witnessing the chatbot showcasing several instances of artificial hallucinations.[7] Microsoft fired its "ethics and society team that taught employees how to make AI tools responsibly", according to The Verge.[7]

In response to these concerns, Jon Friedman, the Corporate Vice President of Design and Research at Microsoft, stated that Microsoft was "applying [the] learning" from experience with Bing to "mitigate [the] risks" of Copilot.[7] Microsoft claimed that it was gathering a team of researchers and engineers to identify and alleviate any potential negative impacts.[41] The stated aim was to achieve this through the refinement of training data, blocking queries about sensitive topics, and limiting harmful information.[41] Microsoft stated that it intended to employ InterpretML and Fairlearn to detect and rectify data bias, provide links to its sources, and state any applicable constraints.[41]

See also

References

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External links