Biology:Excitatory amino acid transporter 3

Short description: Protein found in humans

Generic protein structure example

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A1 gene.

Tissue distribution

EAAT3 is expressed on the plasma membrane of neurons, specifically on the dendrites and axon terminals.

Function

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 is a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters which plays an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes in neurons. In the brain, excitatory amino acid transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. EAAT3 also transports aspartate, and mutations in this gene are thought to cause dicarboxylic aminoaciduria, also known as glutamate-aspartate transport defect. EAAT3 is also the major route of neuronal cysteine uptake. Cysteine is a component of the major antioxidant glutathione, and mice lacking EAAT3 exhibit reduced levels of glutathione in neurons, increased oxidative stress, and age-dependent loss of neurons, especially neurons of the substantia nigra. A meta-analysis identified a small but significant association between a polymorphism of the gene SLC1A1 and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Interactions

SLC1A1 has been shown to interact with ARL6IP5.

See also

• Excitatory amino acid transporter
• Glutamate transporter
• Solute carrier family

Further reading

• "The neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1/EAAT3: does it represent a major actor at the brain excitatory synapse?". Journal of Neurochemistry 98 (4): 1007–18. August 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03978.x. PMID 16800850. 
• "Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex". The Journal of Neuroscience 14 (9): 5559–69. September 1994. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-09-05559.1994. PMID 7521911. 
• "Neuron-specific human glutamate transporter: molecular cloning, characterization and expression in human brain". Brain Research 662 (1–2): 245–50. October 1994. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90819-2. PMID 7859077. 
• "The neuronal and epithelial human high affinity glutamate transporter. Insights into structure and mechanism of transport". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (32): 20599–606. August 1994. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32035-5. PMID 7914198. 
• "Interaction of L-cysteine with a human excitatory amino acid transporter". The Journal of Physiology 493 (Pt 2): 419–23. June 1996. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021393. PMID 8782106. 
• "Distribution of glutamate transporter subtypes during human brain development". Journal of Neurochemistry 69 (6): 2571–80. December 1997. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062571.x. PMID 9375691. 
• "Differential synaptic localization of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 and glutamate receptor subunit GluR2 in the rat hippocampus". The Journal of Comparative Neurology 418 (3): 255–69. March 2000. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000313)418:3<255::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-6. PMID 10701825. 
• "Modulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 by the interacting protein GTRAP3-18". Nature 410 (6824): 84–8. March 2001. doi:10.1038/35065084. PMID 11242046. Bibcode: 2001Natur.410...84L. 
• "Genomic organization of the SLC1A1/EAAC1 gene and mutation screening in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder". Molecular Psychiatry 6 (2): 160–7. March 2001. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000806. PMID 11317217. 
• "Dynamic equilibrium between coupled and uncoupled modes of a neuronal glutamate transporter". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (16): 13501–7. April 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110861200. PMID 11823462. 
• "Phorbol myristate acetate-dependent interaction of protein kinase Calpha and the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1". The Journal of Neuroscience 23 (13): 5589–93. July 2003. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-13-05589.2003. PMID 12843260. 
• "Distribution of glutamate transporters in the human placenta". Placenta 25 (6): 489–95. July 2004. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.018. PMID 15135231. 
• "Small-scale molecular motions accomplish glutamate uptake in human glutamate transporters". The Journal of Neuroscience 25 (7): 1730–6. February 2005. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4138-04.2005. PMID 15716409. 
• "Increased expression and function of glutamate transporters in multiple sclerosis". Neurobiology of Disease 21 (1): 154–64. January 2006. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2005.06.017. PMID 16061389. 
• "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. October 2005. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. Bibcode: 2005Natur.437.1173R. 
• "GABA and glutamate transporters are expressed in human platelets". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 141 (2): 161–5. November 2005. doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.08.013. PMID 16198020. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.