Astronomy:Gliese 1214
 Gliese 1214 is a M-class dwarf star | |
| Observation data Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Ophiuchus[1] |
| Right ascension | 17h 15m 18.9337s[2] |
| Declination | +04° 57′ 50.0646″[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 14.71±0.03[3] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | M4.5[4] |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 16.40[5] |
| Apparent magnitude (R) | 14.394 ± 0.17[5] |
| Apparent magnitude (I) | 11.52 ± 0.03[3] |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 9.750±0.024[6] |
| Apparent magnitude (H) | 9.094±0.024[6] |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 8.782±0.020[6] |
| B−V color index | 1.73[7] |
| V−R color index | 0.9 |
| R−I color index | 2.7 |
| Variable type | planetary transit[8] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | +21.1±1.0[3] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 580.447±0.479[2]> mas/yr Dec.: −749.588±0.221[2] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 68.2653 ± 0.1723[2] mas |
| Distance | 47.8 ± 0.1 ly (14.65 ± 0.04 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 14.10 |
| Details | |
| Mass | 0.181±0.005[9] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.204±0.0085[9] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.00351±0.00010[9] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.991±0.029[8] cgs |
| Temperature | 3,111+69 −66[9] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.11±0.09[9] dex |
| Rotation | 125±5 d[10] |
| Age | 5–10[11] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
LHS 3275, G 139-21, NLTT 44431, 2MASS J17151894+0457496, LSPM J1715+0457, UBV M 53793, USNO-B1.0 0949-00280047, GEN# +9.80139021.[5] | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| Exoplanet Archive | data |
| ARICNS | data |
| Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia | data |
Gliese 1214 is a dim M4.5[4] red dwarf in the constellation Ophiuchus with an apparent magnitude of 14.7.[3] It is located at a distance of approximately 47 light years from Earth.[12] The star is about one-fifth the radius of the Sun[13] with a surface temperature estimated to be 3,110 K (2,840 °C; 5,140 °F).[9] Its luminosity is only 0.35% that of the Sun.[9]
The estimate for the stellar radius is 15% larger than predicted by theoretical models.[8] It also shows a 1% intrinsic variability in the near-infrared probably caused by stellar spots.[3] The star is rotating slowly, with a period that is most likely an integer multiple of 53 days. It is probably at least three billion years old and a member of the old thin disk of the Milky Way.[3] Although GJ 1214 has a low to moderate level of magnetic activity, it does undergo flares and is a source of X-ray emission with a base luminosity of 7.4×1025 erg s−1. The temperature of the stellar corona is estimated to be about 3.5×106 K.[11]
In 2021-2022, the star is suspected to be in the low-activity phase of its magnetic starspot cycle.[14]
Planetary system
In mid-December 2009, a team of Harvard-Smithsonian astronomers announced the discovery of a companion extrasolar planet, Gliese 1214 b, potentially composed largely of water and having the mass and diameter of a super-Earth.[8][13]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 8.17±0.43[15] M⊕ | 0.0143 ± 0.0019 | 1.58040456 ± 1.6x10−7[16] | <0.27 | 88.17° | 2.742+0.050−0.053[15] R⊕ |
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Discovered by the MEarth project and investigated further by the HARPS spectrograph on ESO’s 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla, GJ 1214 b is the second super-Earth exoplanet for which astronomers have determined the mass and radius, giving vital clues about its structure. It is also the first super-Earth around which an atmosphere has been found. A search for additional planets using transit timing variations was negative.[3]
No transit-time variations have yet been found for this transit. As of 2012, "the given data does not allow us to conclude that there is a [second] planet in the mass range 0.1–5 Earth-masses and the period range 0.76–1.23 or 1.91–3.18 days."[16] The X-ray flux from the host star is estimated to have stripped 2–5.6 M⊕ from the planet over the lifetime of the system.[11]
In August 2022, this planetary system was included among 20 systems to be named by the third NameExoWorlds project.[17]
See also
- COROT-7
- Gliese 581
- Gliese 876
- List of extrasolar planets
References
- ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 99 (617): 695–699. doi:10.1086/132034. Bibcode: 1987PASP...99..695R. Vizier query form
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Brown, A. G. A. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Berta, Zachory K. et al. (2011). "The GJ1214 Super-Earth System: Stellar Variability, New Transits, and a Search for Additional Planets". The Astrophysical Journal 736 (1): 12. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/12. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...736...12B.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara et al. (2010). "Metal-rich M-Dwarf Planet Hosts: Metallicities with K-band Spectra". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 720 (1): L113–L118. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/720/1/L113. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...720L.113R.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Gliese 1214". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Gliese+1214.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W. et al. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal 131 (2): 1163–1183. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2006AJ....131.1163S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AJ....131.1163S/abstract. Vizier catalog entry
- ↑ van Altena, William F. et al.. The General Catalogue of Trigonometric Stellar Parallaxes. Yale University Observatory.Vizier catalog entry
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Charbonneau, David et al. (2009). "A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star". Nature 462 (7275): 891–894. doi:10.1038/nature08679. PMID 20016595. Bibcode: 2009Natur.462..891C.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (September 2021). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 918 (1): 23. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. 40. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...918...40P.
- ↑ Mallonn, M. et al. (2018). "GJ 1214: Rotation period, starspots, and uncertainty on the optical slope of the transmission spectrum". Astronomy and Astrophysics 614: A35. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732300. Bibcode: 2018A&A...614A..35M.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lalitha, S. et al. (July 2014). "X-Ray Emission from the Super-Earth Host GJ 1214". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 790 (1): 5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/790/1/L11. L11. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...790L..11L.
- ↑ Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Boss, Alan P.; Weinberger, Alycia J.; Lloyd, James P. (2012). "GJ 1214b revised. Improved trigonometric parallax, stellar parameters, orbital solution, and bulk properties for the super-Earth GJ 1214b". Astronomy & Astrophysics 551: A48. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219250. Bibcode: 2013A&A...551A..48A.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 David A. Aguilar (2009-12-16). "Astronomers Find Super-Earth Using Amateur, Off-the-Shelf Technology". Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2009/pr200924.html. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
- ↑ Henry, Gregory W.; Bean, Jacob L. (2023), C14 Automatic Imaging Telescope Photometry of GJ 1214
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Cloutier, Ryan; Charbonneau, David; Deming, Drake; Bonfils, Xavier; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola (2021), "A More Precise Mass for GJ 1214 b and the Frequency of Multiplanet Systems Around Mid-M Dwarfs", The Astronomical Journal 162 (5): 174, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1584
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Kennet B. W. Harpsøe (2012). "The Transiting System Gliese 1214". Astronomy & Astrophysics 549: A10. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219996. Bibcode: 2013A&A...549A..10H.
- ↑ "List of ExoWorlds 2022". IAU. 8 August 2022. https://www.nameexoworlds.iau.org/2022exoworlds.
External links
Coordinates: 
17h 15m 18.94s, +4° 57′ 49.7″
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