Astronomy:2074 Shoemaker

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2074 Shoemaker
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. F. Helin
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date17 October 1974
Designations
(2074) Shoemaker
Named afterEugene Shoemaker
(American astronomer)[2]
1974 UA
Minor planet categoryMars-crosser [3][4] · Hungaria [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc63.23 yr (23,096 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}1.9472 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}1.6521 AU
1.7996 AU
Eccentricity0.0820
Orbital period2.41 yr (882 days)
Mean anomaly243.44°
Mean motion0° 24m 29.88s / day
Inclination30.080°
Longitude of ascending node207.29°
205.58°
Earth MOID0.6680 AU · 260.2 LD
Physical characteristics
Dimensions3.18±0.51 km[5]
3.217±0.558 km[1][6]
4.93 km (calculated)[3]
Rotation period2.5328±0.0004 h[7]
2.5331±0.0002 h[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
2.5338±0.0002 h[8]
2.534±0.001 h[9]
2.809±0.001 h[10][lower-alpha 3]
2.82±0.01 h[11]
57.02±0.10 h[12]
Geometric albedo0.20 (assumed)[3]
0.41±0.13[5]
0.518±0.211[6]
SMASS = Sa [1] · S [3]
Absolute magnitude (H)13.80[6] · 13.9[1][3] · 14.24[5] · 14.28±0.36[13]


2074 Shoemaker, provisional designation 1974 UA, is a stony Hungaria asteroid, Mars-crosser and suspected synchronous binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1974, by astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory.[4] She named it after American astronomer Eugene Shoemaker.[2]

Orbit and classification

Shoemaker is a bright member of the dynamical Hungaria group that forms the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System.[3] It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–1.9 AU once every 2 years and 5 months (882 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 30° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] With a perihelion of 1.6521 AU, Shoemaker is a Mars-crossing asteroid as it crosses the orbit of Mars at 1.666 AU.[1]

The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar in April 1954, more than 20 years prior to its official discovery observation.[4]

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Shoemaker is a Sa-subtype, that transitions form the common stony S-type asteroids to the A-type asteroids.[1]

Rotation period

Several rotational lightcurve of Shoemaker were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (716) and CS3-Station (U82). Analysis of the best-rated lightcurves gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.5328 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.13 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[7][8][lower-alpha 1]

Suspected binary

In October 2003, photometric observations of Shoemaker by Robert D. Stephens gave a long rotation period of 57.02 hours.[12] After re-measuring the images with newer software and calibration techniques, two mutual occultation and eclipsing events were found, indicating that Shoemaker might be a synchronous binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon orbiting it every 55 hours.[7] Observations in 2010, were difficult due to incomplete coverage and gave an orbital period of 27.39 hours for the secondary.[8] Observations by astronomers at Etscorn Campus Observatory (719) in 2015, did not mention any mutual events.[9]

In June 2017, Warner measured a rotation period of 2.5331±0.0002 hours and an orbital period for the secondary of 44.28 hours at his CS3-Palmer Divide Station in California.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] The binary nature of Shoemaker remains unconfirmed.

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Shoemaker measures 3.18 and 3.22 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.41 and 0.52, respectively.[5][6] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 4.93 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.9.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named by the discoverer after her colleague, the American astronomer Eugene Shoemaker (1928–1997), who was a discoverer of minor planets and of the Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 that collided with Jupiter. He is well known for his work on impact craters and his role in the lunar Ranger, Surveyor and Apollo programs.[2]

The naming was also proposed by Brian G. Marsden, the director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC).[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1978 (M.P.C. 4548).[14]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Warner (2018b) web. Not yet in ADS. Observation 30 June 2017. Rotation period of 2.5331±0.0002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.09±0.01 mag. Quality code of 3. Summary figures for (2074) Shoemaker at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lightcurve plot of (2074) Shoemaker, Warner (2017), rotation period: 2.5331 hours; and second period (P2) of 44.28 hours. Quality code of 3.
  3. ↑ Lightcurve plot of (2074) Shoemaker, Warner (2015), period: of 2.809 and 2.515 hours. Quality code of 2.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2074 Shoemaker (1974 UA)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002074. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2074) Shoemaker". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2074) Shoemaker. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 168. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2075. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "LCDB Data for (2074) Shoemaker". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2074%7CShoemaker. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "2074 Shoemaker (1974 UA)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2074. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T. et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal 152 (3): 12. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Bibcode: 2016AJ....152...63N. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Warner, Brian D.; Stephens, Robert, D.; Harris, Alan W.; Pravec, Petr (October 2009). "A Re-examination of the Lightcurves for Seven Hungaria Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin 36 (4): 176–179. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2009MPBu...36..176W. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2009MPBu...36..176W. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Warner, Brian D. (January 2011). "A Quartet of Known and Suspected Hungaria Binary Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin 38 (1): 33–36. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2011MPBu...38...33W. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38...33W. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Klinglesmith, Daniel A. III; Hendrickx, Sebastian; Madden, Karl; Montgomery, Samuel (April 2016). "Lightcurves for Shape/Spin Models". The Minor Planet Bulletin 43 (2): 123–128. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2016MPBu...43..123K. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016MPBu...43..123K. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  10. ↑ Warner, Brian D. (January 2016). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2015 June-September". The Minor Planet Bulletin 43 (1): 57–65. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2016MPBu...43...57W. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016MPBu...43...57W. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  11. ↑ Warner, Brian D.; Stephens, Robert D. (October 2012). "Lightcurve for 2074 Shoemaker". The Minor Planet Bulletin 39 (4): 225. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2012MPBu...39..225W. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012MPBu...39..225W. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Stephens, Robert D. (June 2004). "Photometry of 804 Hispania, 899 Jokaste, 1306 Scythia, and 2074 Shoemaker". The Minor Planet Bulletin 31 (2): 40–41. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2004MPBu...31...40S. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004MPBu...31...40S. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  13. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 6 September 2017. 
  14. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7. Bibcode: 2009dmpn.book.....S. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp2008schm. 

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