Astronomy:Alpha Leporis

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Short description: Brightest star in the constellation Lepus

α Leporis
Location of α Leporis (circled)
Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation Lepus
Right ascension  05h 32m 43.81612s[1]
Declination −17° 49′ 20.2414″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.589[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Blue loop (yellow supergiant)[3]
Spectral type F0 Ib[4]
U−B color index +0.386[2]
B−V color index +0.2[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+23.9[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +3.56[1] mas/yr
Dec.: +1.18[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)1.47 ± 0.14[1] mas
Distance2,200 ± 200 ly
(680 ± 60 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−5.28[7]
Details
Mass12–13[8] M☉
Radius74[8] – 105+15
−21[9] R☉
Luminosity27,000[8] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)1.34±0.07[10] cgs
Temperature7,253 or 7,290[11] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.01–0.06[11] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)13–21[5] km/s
Age13[10] Myr
Other designations
Arneb, 11 Leporis, BD−17°1166, FK5 207, HD 36673, HIP 25985, HR 1865, SAO 150547
Database references
SIMBADdata

Alpha Leporis (α Leporis, abbreviated Alpha Lep, α Lep), formally named Arneb /ˈɑːrnɛb/,[12][13] is the brightest star in the constellation of Lepus.

Nomenclature

Alpha Leporis is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional name Arneb comes from the Arabic أرنب ’arnab 'hare'[14] ('Lepus' is Latin for hare). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[15] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[16] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Arneb for this star.

In Chinese, 廁 (Cè), meaning Toilet, refers to an asterism consisting of α Leporis, β Leporis, γ Leporis and δ Leporis.[17] Consequently, the Chinese name for α Leporis itself is 廁一 (Cè yī), "the First Star of Toilet".[18]

Properties

Alpha Leporis has a stellar classification of F0 Ib,[4] with the Ib luminosity class indicating that it is a lower luminosity yellow supergiant star. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.[19]

This is a massive star with about 12 to 13 times the mass of the Sun[8] and 105 times the Sun's radius.[9] The effective temperature of the outer envelope is about 7,300 K,[11] which gives the star a yellowish-white hue that is typical of F-type stars.[20] It is an estimated 13 million years old.[10] A weak magnetic field was detected around the star.[8]

Arneb is an older, dying star that has already passed through a red supergiant phase and is now contracting and heating up in the latter phases of stellar evolution, in a blue loop.[3]

Namesakes

USS Arneb (AKA-56) was a ship of the United States Navy.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..653V 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gutierrez-Moreno, Adelina et al. (1966), "A System of photometric standards", Publications of the Department of Astronomy University of Chile (Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy) 1: 1–17, Bibcode: 1966PDAUC...1....1G 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Smiljanic, R.; Barbuy, B.; De Medeiros, J. R.; Maeder, A. (April 2006), "CNO in evolved intermediate mass stars", Astronomy & Astrophysics 449 (2): 655–671, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054377, ISSN 0004-6361, Bibcode: 2006A&A...449..655S 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gray, R. O.; Napier, M. G.; Winkler, L. I. (April 2001), "The Physical Basis of Luminosity Classification in the Late A-, F-, and Early G-Type Stars. I. Precise Spectral Types for 372 Stars", The Astronomical Journal 121 (4): 2148–2158, doi:10.1086/319956, Bibcode: 2001AJ....121.2148G 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ayres, Thomas R. (2018-02-20), "Cracking the Conundrum of F-Supergiant Coronae", The Astrophysical Journal 854 (2): 95, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa6d7, ISSN 0004-637X, Bibcode: 2018ApJ...854...95A 
  6. ↑ Evans, D. S. (June 20–24, 1966), "The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities", in Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick, Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30, 30, University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union, p. 57, Bibcode: 1967IAUS...30...57E 
  7. ↑ Kovtyukh, V. V.; Gorlova, N. I.; Belik, S. I. (2012-07-11), "Accurate luminosities from the oxygen λ7771-4 Å triplet and the fundamental parameters of F-G supergiants" (in en), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 423 (4): 3268–3273, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21117.x 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Wade, Gregg; Oksala, Mary; Neiner, Coralie; Boucher, Etienne; Barron, James (2025), Magnetic field monitoring of four massive A-F supergiants 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Baines, Ellyn K.; Clark, James H.; Kingsley, Bradley I.; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Stone, Jordan M. (2025-05-07), "Vintage NPOI: New and Updated Angular Diameters for 145 Stars" (in en), The Astronomical Journal 169 (6): 293, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adc930, ISSN 1538-3881, Bibcode: 2025AJ....169..293B 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lyubimkov, Leonid S. et al. (February 2010), "Accurate fundamental parameters for A-, F- and G-type Supergiants in the solar neighbourhood", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 402 (2): 1369–1379, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15979.x, Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.402.1369L 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Luck, R. Earle (2014), "Parameters and Abundances in Luminous Stars", The Astronomical Journal 147 (6): 137, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/6/137, Bibcode: 2014AJ....147..137L  Alpha Leporis' database entry at VizieR.
  12. ↑ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006), A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.), Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub, ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7 
  13. ↑ IAU Catalog of Star Names, http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt, retrieved 28 July 2016 
  14. ↑ Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899), Star-names and Their Meanings, G. E. Stechert, p. 268, https://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA268 
  15. ↑ IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN), https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/, retrieved 22 May 2016 
  16. ↑ Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1, http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf, retrieved 28 July 2016 
  17. ↑ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  18. ↑ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 , Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  19. ↑ Garrison, R. F. (December 1993), "Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification", Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 25: 1319, Bibcode: 1993AAS...183.1710G, http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html, retrieved 2012-02-04 
  20. ↑ "The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), December 21, 2004, http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html, retrieved 2012-01-16 



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