Astronomy:Gamma Persei

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Short description: Binary star system in the constellation Perseus
γ Persei
Location of γ Persei (circled)
Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation Perseus
Right ascension  03h 04m 47.82011s[1]
Declination +53° 30′ 23.2626″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.93[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Blue straggler + late main sequence/subgiant[3]
Spectral type G8III + A2V[4]
U−B color index +0.45[2]
B−V color index +0.70[2]
Variable type EA[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+2.5[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −14.194[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −8.684[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)14.735 ± 0.188[7] mas
Distance221 ± 3 ly
(67.9 ± 0.9 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)–1.50[8] (–1.23/0.01)[9]
Orbit[9]
Period (P)14.6 yr
Semi-major axis (a)0.144″
Eccentricity (e)0.785
Inclination (i)90.9°
Longitude of the node (Ω)244.1°
Periastron epoch (T)1991.08 Besselian
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		170.0°
Details[10]
γ Per A
Mass3.6±0.2 M☉
Radius22.7±1.14 R☉
Luminosity282 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)2.23±0.08 cgs
Temperature4,970±70 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]–0.19[11] dex
Rotation5,350 days[8]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)50.0[8] km/s
Age750–900[3] Myr
γ Per B
Mass2.4±0.2 M☉
Radius3.9±0.2 R☉
Luminosity67.6 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.6±0.08 cgs
Temperature8,400±70 K
Age750–900[3] Myr
Other designations
γ Persei, γ Per, Gamma Per, 23 Persei, BD+52 654, CCDM J03048+5331AP, FK5 108, GC 3664, HD 18925, HIP 14328, HR 915, IDS 02576+5307 AP, PPM 28201, SAO 23789, WDS J03048+5330Aa,Ab.
Database references
SIMBADdata

Gamma Persei (Gamma Per, γ Persei, γ Per) is a binary star system in the constellation Perseus. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the pair is +2.9,[2] making it the fourth-brightest member of the constellation. The distance to this system is of roughly 221 light-years (68 parsecs) with a 1% margin of error.[7] About 4° to the north of Gamma Persei is the radiant point for the annual Perseid meteor shower.[12]

Lightcurve of Gamma Persei's 2019 eclipse recorded by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

This is a wide eclipsing binary system with an orbital period of 5,329.8 days (14.6 years).[13] This eclipse was first observed in 1990 and lasted for two weeks.[14] During an eclipse, the primary passes in front of the secondary, causing the magnitude of the system to decrease by 0.55.[15] The primary component of this system is a giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III.[16] It has a projected rotational velocity of 50.0 km s−1 and a lengthy estimated rotation period of 14.6 years.[8] The classification of the secondary remains tentative, with assignments of A3 V[9] and A2(III).[16] The secondary component appears to be much older than the primary, based on estimates derived by evolutionary tracks. Therefore, the primary is likely to be the product of a stellar merger, with the estimated age of the primary corresponding only to the time elapsed since the merger.[3]

Mass estimates for the two stars remain disparate. Using speckle interferometry, McAlister (1982) obtained mass estimates of 4.73 solar masses (4.73 M☉) for the primary and 2.75 M☉ for the secondary. He noted that the mass estimate was too high for the given classification of the primary.[17] Martin and Mignard (1998) determined masses for both components based on data from the Hipparcos mission: 5.036 ± 0.951 M☉ for the primary and 2.295 ± 0.453 M☉ for the secondary. They admit that the high inclination of the orbit resulted in a large margin of error.[18] Prieto and Lambert (1999) came up with a mass estimate of 3.81 M☉ for the primary,[19] while Pizzolato and Maggio (2000) obtained 4.34 M☉.[8] Ling et al. (2001) obtained estimates of 2.7 M☉ for the primary and 1.65 M☉ for the secondary,[9] while Kaler (2001) obtained 2.5 and 1.9, respectively.[14] Diamant et al. (2023) found masses of 3.6 and 2.4 M☉ for A and B respectively.[10]

Name and etymology

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Johnson, H. L. et al. (1966), "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars", Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 4 (99): 99, Bibcode: 1966CoLPL...4...99J 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Tarczay-Nehéz, D.; Molnár, L.; Ádám, R. (2026-01-31), "What's Their Age Again? A Blue-Straggler Merger Scenario in the γ Persei Binary System", arXiv:2602.00896 [astro-ph.SR]
  4. ↑ Malkov, O. Yu.; Tamazian, V. S.; Docobo, J. A.; Chulkov, D. A. (2012). "Dynamical masses of a selected sample of orbital binaries". Astronomy & Astrophysics 546: A69. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219774. Bibcode: 2012A&A...546A..69M. 
  5. ↑ Samus, N. N. et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S 1. Bibcode: 2009yCat....102025S. 
  6. ↑ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953), "General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities", Washington (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington), Bibcode: 1953GCRV..C......0W 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Template:Ciation Gamma Persei's database entry at VizieR.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Pizzolato, N.; Maggio, A.; Sciortino, S. (September 2000), "Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases", Astronomy and Astrophysics 361: 614–628, Bibcode: 2000A&A...361..614P 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Ling, J. F.; Magdalena, P.; Prieto, C. (October 2001), "Perturbations by Mass Loss in the Orbital Elements of γ Persei and α Centauri", Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica 37: 179–186, Bibcode: 2001RMxAA..37..179L 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Diamant, S. J. M.; Schröder, K.-P.; Jack, D.; Rosas-Portilla, F.; Fridlund, M.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (2023-06-01), "Discovery of an extended G giant chromosphere in the 2019 eclipse of γ Per" (in en), Astronomy & Astrophysics 674: A162, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245241, ISSN 0004-6361, Bibcode: 2023A&A...674A.162D 
  11. ↑ McWilliam, Andrew (December 1990), "High-resolution spectroscopic survey of 671 GK giants", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 74: 1075–1128, doi:10.1086/191527, Bibcode: 1990ApJS...74.1075M 
  12. ↑ Burnham, Robert (1978), Burnham's celestial handbook: an observer's guide to the universe beyond the solar system, Dover books explaining science, 3 (2nd ed.), Courier Dover Publications, p. 420, ISBN 0486236730, https://books.google.com/books?id=PJzIt3SIlkUC&pg=PA1420 
  13. ↑ Pourbaix, D.; Boffin, H. M. J. (February 2003), "Reprocessing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries. II. Systems with a giant component", Astronomy and Astrophysics 398 (3): 1163–1177, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021736, Bibcode: 2003A&A...398.1163P 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kaler, James B. (January 5, 2001), "GAMMA PER (Gamma Persei)", Stars (University of Illinois), http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/gammaper.html, retrieved 2012-02-25 
  15. ↑ Malkov, O. Yu. et al. (February 2006), "A catalogue of eclipsing variables", Astronomy and Astrophysics 446 (2): 785–789, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053137, Bibcode: 2006A&A...446..785M 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Ginestet, N.; Carquillat, J. M. (December 2002), "Spectral Classification of the Hot Components of a Large Sample of Stars with Composite Spectra, and Implication for the Absolute Magnitudes of the Cool Supergiant Components", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 143 (2): 513–537, doi:10.1086/342942, Bibcode: 2002ApJS..143..513G 
  17. ↑ McAlister, H. A. (March 1982), "Masses and luminosities for the giant spectroscopic/speckle interferometric binaries gamma Persei and phi Cygni", Astronomical Journal 87: 563–569, doi:10.1086/113130, Bibcode: 1982AJ.....87..563M 
  18. ↑ Martin, C.; Mignard, F. (February 1998), "Mass determination of astrometric binaries with Hipparcos. II. Selection of candidates and results", Astronomy and Astrophysics 330: 585–599, Bibcode: 1998A&A...330..585M 
  19. ↑ Allende Prieto, C.; Lambert, D. L. (December 1999), "Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures" (in en), Astronomy and Astrophysics 352: 555–562, ISSN 0004-6361, Bibcode: 1999A&A...352..555A 
  20. ↑ Allen, R. H. (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.). New York: Dover Publications Inc.. p. 331. ISBN 0-486-21079-0. https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/331. Retrieved 2012-09-04. 
  21. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 11 日



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