Astronomy:Hercules X-1
| Observation data Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Hercules |
| Right ascension | 16 57 49.83[1] |
| Declination | +35 20 32.6[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.83[1] |
| Spectral type | DA[1] |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
Hercules X-1 (Her X-1), also known as 4U1656+35, is a moderately strong X-ray binary source first studied by the Uhuru satellite. It is composed of a neutron star accreting matter from a normal star (HZ Her) probably due to Roche lobe overflow.
Intermediate-mass X-ray binary (IMXB)
Her X-1 is the prototype for the massive X-ray binaries although it falls on the borderline, ~2 M☉, between high- and low-mass X-ray binaries.[2]
An intermediate-mass X-ray binary (IMXB) is a binary star system where one of the components is a neutron star or a black hole. The other component is an intermediate mass star.[3]
Intensity
The source exhibits complex time variability, pulsing with a period of 1.24 s due to the rotation of the neutron star, eclipsing every 1.70 days with the period of the binary orbit, and also varying with a 35-day period believed associated with the precession of the accretion disk. From observations, a twisted accretion disk, in retrograde precession, modulates the X-rays illuminating HZ Her and Earth.[2]
The 1.24 second pulsar period associated with Her X-1 is immediately evident from the data. The sharp cut-off at ~24 keV in the flat spectrum observed for Her X-1 in this exposure provided the first reported evidence for radiative transfer effects to be associated with a highly magnetized plasma near the surface of a neutron star.
Discovery of Her X-1
The actual announcement of the discovery of Hercules X-1 by Uhuru occurred at the 1971-72 Winter Meeting of the High-Energy Astrophysics Division AAS held in San Juan.[4] The original discovery of this periodically pulsating binary X-ray source occurred in November 1971.[5]
Location
The position of Her X-1 was uncertain due to the failure of the Uhuru star aspect sensors, having been reported[5] at J1950 RA 17h05m Dec 34°52' using Uhuru and at 16h56.7m Dec 35°35'[6] using OSO 7. However, there is only one weak X-ray source (2U 1735+43) within 10° of Her X-1.[7] But four radio sources: (1) RA 16h56m50.75s Dec 35°14'33±3" of a double point source separated by 17±2" and a stellar image 13±3" from the centroid, (2) RA 16h57m10.65s Dec 35°21'35±3" within 6±3" of the stellar image, (3) RA 16h57m35.72s Dec 35°15'19±3" with no star visible on the Palomar Sky Survey print, and (4) RA 16h58m39.17s Dec 35°10'53±3" were found near the overlap of Uhuru and OSO 7 positions.[8] At that time the search could not discover the radio counterpart of Her X-1 if its radio emission were analogous to its 36-day periodic X-ray behavior, although there was no compelling astrophysical reason for the two fluxes to be correlated.[8] The four sources above were observed during several eclipse phases of the X-ray star. No radio eclipses were detected that corresponded. At that time Doxsey[8] specified that (1) repeated radio searches, especially during the high X-ray luminosity state of Her X-1, should be made and (2) there was a clear need for a better position determination for Her X-1.
In 1973, Bahcall and Bahcall determined that HZ Herculis had a light curve that matched Hercules X-1's, fixing Hercules X-1's position.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Her X-1". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Her+X-1.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Long-term cycles in cosmic X-ray sources". Space Sci. Rev. 45 (3–4): 291–348. 1987. doi:10.1007/BF00171997. Bibcode: 1987SSRv...45..291P.
- ↑ "Evolutionary Binary Sequences for Low- and Intermediate-Mass X-ray Binaries". The Astrophysical Journal 565 (2): 1107–1133. 2001. doi:10.1086/324686. Bibcode: 2002ApJ...565.1107P.
- ↑ "Evidence for the Binary Nature of Centaurus X-3 from UHURU X-Ray Observations". Astrophys. J. 172 (3): L79–L89. Mar 1972. doi:10.1086/180896. Bibcode: 1972ApJ...172L..79S.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Discovery of a Periodic Pulsating Binary X-Ray Source in Hercules from UHURU". Astrophys J 174: L143–9. 1972. doi:10.1086/180968. Bibcode: 1972ApJ...174L.143T.
- ↑ "X-ray Astronomy: Uhuru Dominates Madrid Meeting". Nature 237 (5355): 369–370. 1972. doi:10.1038/237369a0. Bibcode: 1972Natur.237..369A.
- ↑ "The UHURU catalog of X-ray sources". Astrophys J 178: 281. 1972. doi:10.1086/151790. Bibcode: 1972ApJ...178..281G.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Radio Search for the Pulsing X-Ray Source in Hercules". Astrophys. J. 176 (8): L15–8. Aug 1972. doi:10.1086/181010. Bibcode: 1972ApJ...176L..15D.
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