Astronomy:Taygeta

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Taygeta is a double star in the constellation of Taurus and a member of the Pleiades open star cluster (M45).

It consists of a binary pair designated 19 Tauri A together with a single star visual companion, 19 Tauri B. 'A's' two components are themselves designated 19 Tauri Aa (officially named Taygeta /teɪˈɪdʒətə/,[1] the traditional name for the entire system)[2] and Ab.

Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, Taygeta is approximately 410 light-years from the Sun.

Nomenclature

19 Tauri is the system's Flamsteed designation. It also bears the little-used Bayer designation q Tauri. The designations of the two constituents as 19 Tauri A and B, and those of A's components - 19 Tauri Aa and Ab - derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[3]

The system bore the traditional name Taygeta (or Taygete).[4] Taygete was one of the Pleiades sisters in Greek mythology. In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[5] to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Taygeta for the component 19 Tauri Aa on 21 August 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[2]

Properties

Taygeta has an apparent magnitude of +4.30 and presents as a blue-white B-type subgiant. It has been used as a standard star for that spectral type.[6] It is a spectroscopic binary, whose component stars have magnitudes of +4.6 and +6.1. They are separated by 0.012 arcseconds[7] and complete one orbit every 1,313 days.[8] The subgiant primary is one of just a handful of stars in the young Pleiades cluster that have evolved away from the main sequence.[9]

The 8th magnitude visual companion, 19 Tauri B, is 69 arcseconds away. It is thought to be a yellow star somewhat more massive and larger than the Sun, and further away than the Pleiades cluster.[10]

Taygeta was once reported to be variable,[11] but has since been measured to be very nearly constant.[12][13]

References

  1. ↑ Davis, George A. (1944). "The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names". Popular Astronomy 52: 8–30. Bibcode: 1944PA.....52....8D. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Naming Stars". IAU.org. https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/. Retrieved 5 March 2018. 
  3. ↑ Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". arXiv:1012.0707 [astro-ph.SR].
  4. ↑ Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star-names and their meanings. G. E. Stechert. p. 407. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5xQuAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 2009-10-10. 
  5. ↑ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". International Astronomical Union. https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/. Retrieved 22 May 2016. 
  6. ↑ Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973). "Spectral Classification". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11: 29. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333. Bibcode: 1973ARA&A..11...29M. 
  7. ↑ Hoffleit, D.; Warren, W. H. (1995). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: V/50. Originally Published in: 1964BS....C......0H 5050. Bibcode: 1995yCat.5050....0H. 
  8. ↑ White, T. R. et al. (2017). "Beyond the Kepler/K2 bright limit: Variability in the seven brightest members of the Pleiades". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (3): 2882–2901. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1050. Bibcode: 2017MNRAS.471.2882W. 
  9. ↑ Mazzei, P.; Pigatto, L. (1989). "The Pleiades'age and the sequential star formation". Astronomy and Astrophysics 213. Bibcode: 1989A&A...213L...1M. 
  10. ↑ Huber, Daniel; Bryson, Stephen T; Haas, Michael R; Barclay, Thomas; Barentsen, Geert; Howell, Steve B; Sharma, Sanjib; Stello, Dennis et al. (2016). "The K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) and Stellar Classifications of 138,600 Targets in Campaigns 1-8". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 224 (1): 2. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/2. Bibcode: 2016ApJS..224....2H. 
  11. ↑ Samus, N. N. et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S 1. Bibcode: 2009yCat....102025S. 
  12. ↑ Percy, John R.; Wilson, Joseph B. (2000). "Another Search for Maia Variable Stars". The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 112 (772): 846. doi:10.1086/316577. Bibcode: 2000PASP..112..846P. 
  13. ↑ Adelman, S. J. (2001). "Research Note Hipparcos photometry: The least variable stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics 367: 297–298. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000567. Bibcode: 2001A&A...367..297A. 

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